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Allowance for Loan Losses - Loan Status and Aging of Past Due TDR Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016
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TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment, net | $ 20,166,604 | $ 18,567,641 |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (272,123) | (251,475) | $ (187,086) | $ (184,701)
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment | 5,369,984 | 4,757,732 |  |
TDR loans in forbearance | 465,286 | 468,402 |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans current | 12,635,627 | 11,911,128 |  |
Total TDR loans in repayment | $ 12,958,742 | $ 12,206,033 |  |
Loans current (as a percentage) | 97.50% | 97.60% |  |
Total TDR loans in repayment | 100.00% | 100.00% |  |
Loans Gross | $ 18,794,012 | $ 17,432,167 |  |
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs | 58,814 | 56,378 |  |
Loans and Leases Receivable, before Fees, Gross | 18,852,826 | 17,488,545 |  |
Loans held for investment, net | 18,600,723 | 17,244,830 |  |
Allowance for loan losses | $ (252,103) | $ (243,715) |  |
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 69.00% | 70.00% |  |
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 2.50% | 2.40% |  |
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment and forbearance | 3.50% | 3.70% |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans |  |  |  |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] |  |  |  |
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment | $ 58,939 | $ 51,745 |  |
TDR loans in forbearance | 65,036 | 69,652 |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans current | 823,813 | 774,222 |  |
Total TDR loans in repayment | $ 919,128 | $ 868,954 |  |
Loans current (as a percentage) | 89.70% | 89.10% |  |
Total TDR loans in repayment | 100.00% | 100.00% |  |
Total Private Education Loans | $ 1,043,103 | $ 990,351 |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Loans delinquent 31-60 days |  |  |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans delinquent | $ 179,989 | $ 179,002 |  |
Loans delinquent (as a percentage) | 1.40% | 1.50% |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Loans delinquent 31-60 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans |  |  |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans delinquent | $ 47,127 | $ 48,377 |  |
Loans delinquent (as a percentage) | 5.10% | 5.60% |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Loans delinquent 61-90 days |  |  |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans delinquent | $ 95,974 | $ 78,292 |  |
Loans delinquent (as a percentage) | 0.70% | 0.60% |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Loans delinquent 61-90 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans |  |  |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans delinquent | $ 31,463 | $ 28,778 |  |
Loans delinquent (as a percentage) | 3.40% | 3.30% |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Loans delinquent, greater than 90 days |  |  |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans delinquent | $ 47,152 | $ 37,611 |  |
Loans delinquent (as a percentage) | 0.40% | 0.30% |  |
Student Loan | Consumer Portfolio Segment | Loans delinquent, greater than 90 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans |  |  |  |
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status: |  |  |  |
Loans delinquent | $ 16,725 | $ 17,577 |  |
Loans delinquent (as a percentage) | 1.80% | 2.00% |  |

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