EX-99.1 2 slm01272021ex991.htm EX-99.1
Exhibit 99.1

| News Release
| For Immediate Release

SALLIE MAE REPORTS FOURTH-QUARTER AND FULL-YEAR 2020 FINANCIAL RESULTS
Fourth-Quarter GAAP Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $431 Million, $1.13 Per Diluted Share; Full-Year 2020 GAAP Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $871 Million, $2.25 Per Diluted Share
Fourth-Quarter “Core Earnings” Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of
$440 Million, $1.15 Per Diluted Share; Full-Year 2020 “Core Earnings” Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $863 Million, $2.23 Per Diluted Share
Board of Directors Approves New $1.25 Billion Share Repurchase Program;
January 2021 Sale of $3 Billion of Private Education Loans
Supports Capital Return Program in 2021
NEWARK, Del., Jan. 27, 2021 - Sallie Mae (Nasdaq: SLM), formally SLM Corporation, today released fourth-quarter and full-year 2020 financial results. Highlights of those results are included in the attached supplement. Complete financial results are available at www.SallieMae.com/investors.
Sallie Mae will host an earnings conference call tomorrow, Jan. 28, 2021, at 8 a.m. ET. Executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to Sallie Mae’s performance. To participate, dial 877-356-5689 (USA and Canada) or 706-679-0623 (international) and use access code 7273338 starting at 7:45 a.m. ET. A replay of the conference call will be available approximately two hours after the call’s conclusion and will remain available through Feb. 11, 2021, by dialing 855-859-2056 (USA and Canada) or 404-537-3406 (international) with access code 7273338.
A live audio webcast of the conference call and presentation slides may be accessed at www.SallieMae.com/investors.
Sallie Mae (Nasdaq: SLM) believes education and life-long learning, in all forms, help people achieve great things. As the leader in private student lending, we provide financing and know-how to support access to college and offer products and resources to help customers make new goals and experiences, beyond college, happen. Learn more at SallieMae.com. Commonly known as Sallie Mae, SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.
Contacts:
Media
Rick Castellano, 302-451-2541, rick.castellano@SallieMae.com
Investors
Brian Cronin, 302-451-0304, brian.cronin@SallieMae.com

Sallie Mae Reports Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2020 Financial Results
Fourth-Quarter GAAP Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $431 Million, $1.13 Per Diluted Share; Full-Year 2020 GAAP Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $871 Million, $2.25 Per Diluted Share
Fourth-Quarter “Core Earnings” Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $440 Million, $1.15 Per Diluted Share; Full-Year 2020 “Core Earnings” Net Income Attributable to Common Stock of $863 Million, $2.23 Per Diluted Share
Board of Directors Approves New $1.25 Billion Share Repurchase Program;
January 2021 Sale of $3 Billion of Private Education Loans Supports Capital Return Program in 2021

“To say 2020 was an unprecedented year is an understatement. We were tested as individuals and as a nation, but we’ve persevered with resilience and resolve. At Sallie Mae, we faced challenges as well but in the face of adversity and uncertainty we continued to deliver for our customers. It’s a testament to our team members, their adaptability to an ever-changing environment, and more broadly, the strength of our core business. Last year, we helped more than 420,000 students and families pay for college, originating $5.3 billion in high-quality, responsibly underwritten private student loans. In the heat of the pandemic, there was great uncertainty regarding its effect on our portfolio, highlighted by the number of customers utilizing our disaster forbearance. We are pleased, however, that as the economy and employment market for college graduates have begun to recover, our credit performance trends are normalizing more quickly than the economy as a whole, and the majority of our customers are back to making regular payments. In addition, our ability to sell loans at a premium early in 2020 provided the means to repurchase 14% of our outstanding shares since the beginning of the year. Looking to 2021, we remain aligned and focused on our strategic imperatives that will drive our performance this year and beyond. We continue to make progress on the balance sheet composition and our capital priorities, which will help create shareholder value this year. We are off to a fast start, selling $3 billion in loans at higher premiums than in 2020. We will use the proceeds of this sale to support our capital return programs for 2021, further demonstrating our commitment to providing shareholder value.”
Jonathan Witter, CEO, Sallie Mae

Fourth-Quarter 2020 Highlights vs. Fourth-Quarter 2019 Highlights
•Net interest income of $367 million, down 13%.
•Private education loan originations of $627 million, down 13%.
•Average private education loans outstanding of $22.7 billion, down 2%.
•Average yield on the private education loan portfolio was 8.23%, down 89 basis points.
•Private education loan provisions for credit losses was $(353) million, down from $82 million.
•Reserve release of $206 million as a result of transferring $2.9 billion of loans to held-for-sale in Dec. 2020, in anticipation of Jan. 2021 sale; equivalent to $0.41 diluted earnings per common share for the full-year 2020.
•Private education loans held-for investment in forbearance were 4.3% of private education loans held-for investment in repayment and forbearance, up from 4.1%.
•Private education loans held-for-investment delinquencies as a percentage of private education loans held-for-investment in repayment were 2.8%, unchanged from prior-year period.
•Issued $500 million of 4.20% unsecured senior notes due 2025.
•Repurchased 1,489,304 shares of Series B preferred stock through a cash tender offer.
•Paid fourth-quarter common stock dividend of $0.03 per share, unchanged from prior-year period.

Investor Contact: Brian Cronin, 302-451-0304 brian.cronin@SallieMae.com |  |  |  | Media Contact: Rick Castellano, 302-451-2541 rick.castellano@SallieMae.com

The following are significant items or events that occurred in the fourth-quarter 2020 or early 2021, as applicable:

Provisions for Credit Losses and Impact of COVID-19
Improving economic forecasts and re-classification of $2.9 billion of loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale resulted in downward adjustments to the provisions for credit losses in the fourth quarter of 2020. The fourth quarter of 2020 saw a rapid economic recovery from the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2020, the company considered the current economic forecasts as well as how the continuing significant uncertainty may affect future unemployment rates and the economy in estimating the company’s allowance for credit losses. While we remain cautious about the near-term economic forecasts, we changed the economic scenarios used in determining the allowance for credit losses in the fourth quarter of 2020 to a more balanced formula from the scenarios used in the third quarter of 2020. Provisions for credit losses in the current quarter decreased by $414 million compared with the year-ago quarter. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the provisions for credit losses were affected primarily by a benefit of $31 million from improvements in the economic forecasts used compared to the third quarter of 2020, a benefit of $77 million from faster prepayment speeds, and a $206 million reversal of provisions for credit losses as a result of $2.9 billion of loans being transferred to held-for-sale from held-for-investment at the end of 2020. (See below for additional details). The benefit from faster prepayment speeds reflected actual loan prepayment speeds being higher than what our models were predicting due to the significant amount of COVID-19 related government stimulus. As COVID-19 continues to impact the economy, the company could continue to experience significant changes in its allowance for credit losses in 2021. See “Information on COVID-19 Impact on Sallie Mae” on page 6 below.

Progress on Balance Sheet and Capital Allocation
The company continues to focus on optimizing its capital structure and appropriate capital allocation to create shareholder value. Fourth-Quarter 2020 On Oct. 29, 2020, the company issued at par $500 million of 4.20% unsecured Senior Notes due Oct. 29, 2025. In October 2020, the company initiated a cash tender offer to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of its Series B preferred stock. On Nov. 30, 2020, the company accepted for purchase 1,489,304 shares of the Series B preferred stock at a purchase price of $45 per share plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $68 million, generating additional equity. First-Quarter 2021 On Jan. 8, 2021, the company sold $3 billion of its private education loans, including $2.8 billion of principal, $185 million in capitalized interest and $15 million in accrued interest, to an unaffiliated third party. At Dec. 31, 2020, the company reversed $206 million through the provisions for credit losses for the allowance related to these loans, when the loans were transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale. On Jan. 26, 2021, the company completed its $525 million accelerated share repurchase agreement (which was entered into on March 10, 2020). Upon final settlement on January 28, 2021, the company will receive an additional 13 million shares of common stock, and, in total, the company will have repurchased 58 million shares of common stock under the accelerated share repurchase agreement at an average price per share of $9.01.

2021 Share Repurchase Program*
The company has been authorized to repurchase up to $1.25 billion in common stock in 2021, under a new share repurchase program, which is effective immediately and expires on Jan. 26, 2023. Repurchases may occur from time to time and through a variety of methods, including tender offers, open market repurchases, repurchases effected through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, negotiated block purchases, accelerated share repurchase programs, or other similar transactions. The timing and volume of any repurchases will be subject to market conditions, and there can be no guarantee that the company will repurchase up to the limit of the program or at all.

* See page 6 for a cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements.

The following provides guidance on the company’s performance in 2021.

Guidance*
For 2021, the company expects the following: •Full-year diluted GAAP earnings per common share of $2.20 - $2.40. •Full-year Private Education Loan originations year-over-year growth of 6% - 7%. •Full-year total loan portfolio net charge-offs of $260 million - $280 million. •Full-year non-interest expenses of $525 million - $535 million.

* See page 6 for a cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements.

Quarterly and Full Year Financial Highlights

| 4Q 2020 | 3Q 2020 | 4Q 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Income Statement ($ millions) |  |  |  |  |
Total interest income | $480 | $482 | $600 | $2,022 | $2,331
Total interest expense | 113 | 118 | 181 | 542 | 708
Net interest income | 367 | 365 | 419 | 1,480 | 1,623
Less: provisions for credit losses | (316) | (4) | 98 | 93 | 354
Total non-interest income (loss) | 1 | 10 | (4) | 331 | 49
Total non-interest expenses | 124 | 152 | 142 | 564 | 574
Income tax expense | 127 | 55 | 35 | 273 | 165
Net income | 433 | 171 | 141 | 881 | 578
Preferred stock dividends | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 17
Net income attributable to common stock | 431 | 169 | 137 | 871 | 561
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP(1) | 9 | 10 | 4 | (8) | (15)
Non-GAAP “Core Earnings” net income attributable to common stock(1) | 440 | 179 | 142 | 863 | 547
Ending Balances ($ millions) |  |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans held for investment, net | $18,437 | $20,956 | $22,897 | $18,437 | $22,897
FFELP Loans held for investment, net | 735 | 743 | 784 | 735 | 784
Personal Loans held for investment, net | — | — | 984 | — | 984
Credit Cards held for investment, net | 11 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 4
Deposits | 22,666 | 23,110 | 24,284 | 22,666 | 24,284
-Brokered | 11,890 | 12,138 | 13,809 | 11,890 | 13,809
-Retail and other | 10,776 | 10,972 | 10,475 | 10,776 | 10,475
Key Performance Metrics |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin | 4.82% | 4.79% | 5.41% | 4.81% | 5.76%
Yield - Total interest-earning assets | 6.30% | 6.34% | 7.75% | 6.57% | 8.27%
-Private Education Loans | 8.23% | 8.24% | 9.12% | 8.42% | 9.32%
-Personal Loans | —% | 12.86% | 12.39% | 12.43% | 12.09%
Cost of Funds | 1.60% | 1.66% | 2.52% | 1.90% | 2.72%
Return on Assets (“ROA”)(2) | 5.6% | 2.2% | 1.8% | 2.8% | 2.0%
Non-GAAP “Core Earnings” ROA(3) | 5.7% | 2.4% | 1.8% | 2.8% | 1.9%
Return on Common Equity (“ROCE”)(4) | 87.3% | 40.9% | 19.2% | 45.5% | 20.7%
Non-GAAP “Core Earnings” ROCE(5) | 89.0% | 43.0% | 19.8% | 45.1% | 20.1%
Per Common Share |  |  |  |  |
GAAP diluted earnings per common share | $1.13 | $0.45 | $0.32 | $2.25 | $1.30
Non-GAAP “Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share(1) | $1.15 | $0.47 | $0.33 | $2.23 | $1.27
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding (millions) | 381 | 378 | 425 | 387 | 431

Footnotes:
(1) Sallie Mae provides a non-GAAP measure called “Core Earnings” because it is one of several measures management uses to evaluate management performance and allocate corporate resources. The difference between “Core Earnings” and GAAP net income is driven by mark-to-fair value unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts recognized in GAAP, but not in “Core Earnings” results. See the “Core Earnings” to GAAP Reconciliation in this press release for a full reconciliation of GAAP and “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses caused by the mark-to-fair value valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, but include current period accruals on the derivative instruments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0. Management believes the company’s derivatives are effective economic hedges, and, as such, they are a critical element of the company’s interest rate risk management strategy. Our “Core Earnings” is not a defined term within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
(2) We calculate and report our Return on Assets (“ROA”) as the ratio of (a) GAAP net income numerator (annualized) to (b) the GAAP total average assets denominator.
(3) We calculate and report our non-GAAP “Core Earnings” Return on Assets (“Core Earnings ROA”) as the ratio of (a) “Core Earnings” net income numerator (annualized) to (b) the GAAP total average assets denominator.
(4) We calculate and report our Return on Common Equity (“ROCE”) as the ratio of (a) GAAP net income attributable to common stock numerator (annualized) to (b) the net denominator, which consists of GAAP total average equity less total average preferred stock.
(5) We calculate and report our non-GAAP “Core Earnings” Return on Common Equity (“Core Earnings ROCE”) as the ratio of (a) “Core Earnings” net income attributable to common stock numerator (annualized) to (b) the net denominator, which consists of GAAP total average equity less total average preferred stock.
***

5

This press release contains “forward-looking statements” and information based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this release. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs, opinions, or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. This includes, but is not limited to: statements regarding future developments surrounding COVID-19 or any other pandemic, including, without limitation, statements regarding the potential impact of COVID-19 or any other pandemic on the company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows; the company’s expectation and ability to pay a quarterly cash dividend on its common stock in the future, subject to the determination by the company’s Board of Directors, and based on an evaluation of the company’s earnings, financial condition and requirements, business conditions, capital allocation determinations, and other factors, risks, and uncertainties; the company’s 2021 guidance; the company’s three-year horizon outlook; the company’s expectation and ability to execute loan sales and share repurchases; the company’s projections regarding originations, net charge-offs, non-interest expenses, earnings, balance sheet position, and other metrics; and any estimates related to accounting standard changes. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2019 (filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Feb. 28, 2020) and subsequent filings with the SEC; the societal, business, and legislative/regulatory impact of pandemics and other public heath crises; increases in financing costs; limits on liquidity; increases in costs associated with compliance with laws and regulations; failure to comply with consumer protection, banking and other laws; changes in accounting standards and the impact of related changes in significant accounting estimates, including any regarding the measurement of our allowance for credit losses and the related provision expense; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which the company is a party; credit risk associated with the company’s exposure to third parties, including counterparties to the company’s derivative transactions; and changes in the terms of education loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from new laws and the implementation of existing laws). We could also be affected by, among other things: changes in our funding costs and availability; reductions to our credit ratings; cybersecurity incidents, cyberattacks, and other failures or breaches of our operating systems or infrastructure, including those of third-party vendors; damage to our reputation; risks associated with restructuring initiatives, including failures to successfully implement cost-cutting programs and the adverse effects of such initiatives on our business; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students, and their families; changes in law and regulations with respect to the student lending business and financial institutions generally; changes in banking rules and regulations, including increased capital requirements; increased competition from banks and other consumer lenders; the creditworthiness of our customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the rate relationships among relevant money-market instruments and those of our earning assets versus our funding arrangements; rates of prepayments on the loans that we own; changes in general economic conditions and our ability to successfully effectuate any acquisitions; and other strategic initiatives. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements also requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions, including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements contained in this release are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this release. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform such statements to actual results or changes in our expectations.
Information on COVID-19 Impact on Sallie Mae
The COVID-19 crisis is unprecedented and has had a significant impact on the economic environment globally and in the United States. There is a significant amount of uncertainty as to the length and breadth of the impact to the U.S. economy and, consequently, on the company. Please refer to Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors — COVID-19 Pandemic” in the company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020 (filed with the SEC on April 22, 2020), for risks associated with COVID-19. Also, see above for a cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2019 (filed with the SEC on Feb. 28, 2020) and subsequent filings with the SEC.

6

SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,455,292 |  |  | $ | 5,563,877 |
Investments: |  |  |  |
Trading investments at fair value (cost of $12,551) |  | 16,923 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale investments at fair value (cost of $1,986,957 and $485,756, respectively) |  | 1,996,634 |  |  | 487,669 |
Other investments |  | 80,794 |  |  | 84,420 |
Total investments |  | 2,094,351 |  |  | 572,089 |
Loans held for investment (net of allowance for losses of $1,361,723 and $441,912, respectively) |  | 19,183,143 |  |  | 24,667,792 |
Loans held for sale |  | 2,885,640 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash |  | 154,417 |  |  | 156,883 |
Other interest-earning assets |  | 42,874 |  |  | 52,564 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 1,387,305 |  |  | 1,392,725 |
Premises and equipment, net |  | 154,670 |  |  | 134,749 |
Income taxes receivable, net |  | 374,706 |  |  | 88,844 |
Tax indemnification receivable |  | 18,492 |  |  | 27,558 |
Other assets |  | 19,533 |  |  | 29,398 |
Total assets |  | $ | 30,770,423 |  |  | $ | 32,686,479 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 22,666,039 |  |  | $ | 24,283,983 |
Short-term borrowings |  | — |  |  | 289,230 |
Long-term borrowings |  | 5,189,217 |  |  | 4,354,037 |
Upromise member accounts |  | — |  |  | 192,662 |
Other liabilities |  | 352,332 |  |  | 254,731 |
Total liabilities |  | 28,207,588 |  |  | 29,374,643 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized: |  |  |  |
Series B: 2.5 million and 4.0 million shares issued, respectively, at stated value of $100 per share |  | 251,070 |  |  | 400,000 |
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares authorized: 456.7 million and 453.6 million shares issued, respectively |  | 91,346 |  |  | 90,720 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,331,247 |  |  | 1,307,630 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (net of tax benefit of $(10,908) and $(3,995), respectively) |  | (34,200) |  |  | (12,367) |
Retained earnings |  | 1,722,365 |  |  | 1,850,512 |
Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock |  | 3,361,828 |  |  | 3,636,495 |
Less: Common stock held in treasury at cost: 81.4 million and 32.5 million shares, respectively |  | (798,993) |  |  | (324,659) |
Total equity |  | 2,562,835 |  |  | 3,311,836 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 30,770,423 |  |  | $ | 32,686,479 |

7

SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Years Ended
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 475,725 |  |  | $ | 577,087 |  |  | $ | 1,989,004 |  |  | $ | 2,249,169 |
Investments |  | 2,657 |  |  | 2,335 |  |  | 11,743 |  |  | 7,607 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,173 |  |  | 21,044 |  |  | 20,913 |  |  | 74,256 |
Total interest income |  | 479,555 |  |  | 600,466 |  |  | 2,021,660 |  |  | 2,331,032 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 74,336 |  |  | 141,769 |  |  | 393,194 |  |  | 547,746 |
Interest expense on short-term borrowings |  | 3,418 |  |  | 2,493 |  |  | 14,459 |  |  | 6,193 |
Interest expense on long-term borrowings |  | 35,264 |  |  | 37,103 |  |  | 134,014 |  |  | 153,778 |
Total interest expense |  | 113,018 |  |  | 181,365 |  |  | 541,667 |  |  | 707,717 |
Net interest income |  | 366,537 |  |  | 419,101 |  |  | 1,479,993 |  |  | 1,623,315 |
Less: provisions for credit losses |  | (316,372) |  |  | 97,558 |  |  | 93,133 |  |  | 354,249 |
Net interest income after provisions for credit losses |  | 682,909 |  |  | 321,543 |  |  | 1,386,860 |  |  | 1,269,066 |
Non-interest income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) on sales of loans, net |  | (247) |  |  | — |  |  | 238,315 |  |  | — |
Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net |  | 136 |  |  | (3,635) |  |  | 49,544 |  |  | 17,825 |
Other income (loss) |  | 1,043 |  |  | (211) |  |  | 43,590 |  |  | 31,102 |
Total non-interest income (loss) |  | 932 |  |  | (3,846) |  |  | 331,449 |  |  | 48,927 |
Non-interest expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  | 63,084 |  |  | 68,016 |  |  | 282,497 |  |  | 278,229 |
FDIC assessment fees |  | 4,448 |  |  | 9,064 |  |  | 21,956 |  |  | 32,852 |
Other operating expenses |  | 54,211 |  |  | 64,599 |  |  | 233,635 |  |  | 263,172 |
Total operating expenses |  | 121,743 |  |  | 141,679 |  |  | 538,088 |  |  | 574,253 |
Restructuring expenses |  | 2,088 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,215 |  |  | — |
Total non-interest expenses |  | 123,831 |  |  | 141,679 |  |  | 564,303 |  |  | 574,253 |
Income before income tax expense |  | 560,010 |  |  | 176,018 |  |  | 1,154,006 |  |  | 743,740 |
Income tax expense |  | 127,310 |  |  | 34,666 |  |  | 273,316 |  |  | 165,464 |
Net income |  | 432,700 |  |  | 141,352 |  |  | 880,690 |  |  | 578,276 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | 1,734 |  |  | 3,885 |  |  | 9,734 |  |  | 16,837 |
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock |  | $ | 430,966 |  |  | $ | 137,467 |  |  | $ | 870,956 |  |  | $ | 561,439 |
Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 2.27 |  |  | $ | 1.31 |
Average common shares outstanding |  | 375,120 |  |  | 421,346 |  |  | 383,705 |  |  | 427,292 |
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |
Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding |  | 380,653 |  |  | 425,042 |  |  | 387,195 |  |  | 430,674 |
Declared dividends per common share attributable to SLM Corporation |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |

8

SLM CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Years Ended
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income |  | $ | 432,700 |  |  | $ | 141,352 |  |  | $ | 880,690 |  |  | $ | 578,276 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments |  | 205 |  |  | 547 |  |  | 7,764 |  |  | 7,993 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges |  | 6,274 |  |  | 9,799 |  |  | (36,511) |  |  | (38,414) |
Total unrealized gains (losses) |  | 6,479 |  |  | 10,346 |  |  | (28,747) |  |  | (30,421) |
Income tax (expense) benefit |  | (1,738) |  |  | (2,530) |  |  | 6,914 |  |  | 7,431 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (expense) benefit |  | 4,741 |  |  | 7,816 |  |  | (21,833) |  |  | (22,990) |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 437,441 |  |  | $ | 149,168 |  |  | $ | 858,857 |  |  | $ | 555,286 |

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“Core Earnings” to GAAP Reconciliation
The following table reflects adjustments associated with our derivative activities.

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Years Ended
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GAAP net income |  | $ | 432,700 |  |  | $ | 141,352 |  |  | $ | 880,690 |  |  | $ | 578,276 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | 1,734 |  |  | 3,885 |  |  | 9,734 |  |  | 16,837 |
GAAP net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock |  | $ | 430,966 |  |  | $ | 137,467 |  |  | $ | 870,956 |  |  | $ | 561,439 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net impact of derivative accounting(1) |  | 11,447 |  |  | 5,818 |  |  | (10,164) |  |  | (19,469) |
Net tax expense (benefit)(2) |  | 2,795 |  |  | 1,422 |  |  | (2,481) |  |  | (4,758) |
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP |  | 8,652 |  |  | 4,396 |  |  | (7,683) |  |  | (14,711) |
“Core Earnings” attributable to SLM Corporation common stock |  | $ | 439,618 |  |  | $ | 141,863 |  |  | $ | 863,273 |  |  | $ | 546,728 |
GAAP diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |
Derivative adjustments, net of tax |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.02) |  |  | (0.03) |
“Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 2.23 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |

______
(1) Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses caused by the mark-to-fair value valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, but include current period accruals on the derivative instruments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0.
(2) “Core Earnings” tax rate is based on the effective tax rate at Sallie Mae Bank, where the derivative instruments are held.
The following table reflects our provisions for credit losses and total portfolio net charge-offs:

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Years Ended
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Provisions for credit losses |  | $ | (316,372) |  |  | $ | 97,558 |  |  | $ | 93,133 |  |  | $ | 354,249 |
Total portfolio net charge-offs |  | (61,198) |  |  | (69,539) |  |  | (216,036) |  |  | (253,143) |

In 2020, we began to evaluate management’s performance internally using a measure that starts with “Core Earnings” net income as disclosed above for a period, and further adjusting it by increasing it by the impact of GAAP provisions for credit losses and decreasing it by the total portfolio net charge-offs recorded in that period, net of the tax impact of these adjustments.
10

Average Balance Sheets
The following table reflects the rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities and reflects our net interest margin on a consolidated basis.

|  | Quarters Ended December 31, |  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate
Average Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans |  | $ | 22,675,980 |  |  | 8.23 | % |  | $ | 23,202,502 |  |  | 9.12 | % |  | $ | 22,426,216 |  |  | 8.42 | % |  | $ | 22,225,473 |  |  | 9.32 | %
FFELP Loans |  | 743,330 |  |  | 3.47 |  |  | 791,430 |  |  | 4.64 |  |  | 757,953 |  |  | 3.76 |  |  | 814,198 |  |  | 4.79 |
Personal Loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,108,960 |  |  | 12.39 |  |  | 582,552 |  |  | 12.43 |  |  | 1,141,503 |  |  | 12.09 |
Taxable securities |  | 2,058,595 |  |  | 0.50 |  |  | 456,106 |  |  | 2.06 |  |  | 1,547,837 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 324,849 |  |  | 2.35 |
Cash and other short-term investments |  | 4,810,310 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 5,191,653 |  |  | 1.61 |  |  | 5,457,234 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | 3,693,245 |  |  | 2.01 |
Total interest-earning assets |  | 30,288,215 |  |  | 6.30 | % |  | 30,750,651 |  |  | 7.75 | % |  | 30,771,792 |  |  | 6.57 | % |  | 28,199,268 |  |  | 8.27 | %
Non-interest-earning assets |  | 683,472 |  |  |  |  | 1,371,139 |  |  |  |  | 236,536 |  |  |  |  | 1,318,290 |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 30,971,687 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,121,790 |  |  |  |  | $ | 31,008,328 |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,517,558 |  |  |
Average Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokered deposits |  | $ | 11,963,884 |  |  | 1.55 | % |  | $ | 13,331,782 |  |  | 2.48 | % |  | $ | 12,777,874 |  |  | 1.84 | % |  | $ | 11,760,646 |  |  | 2.66 | %
Retail and other deposits |  | 10,844,293 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 10,315,056 |  |  | 2.25 |  |  | 10,772,161 |  |  | 1.47 |  |  | 9,588,747 |  |  | 2.44 |
Other interest-bearing liabilities(1) |  | 5,323,987 |  |  | 2.89 |  |  | 4,877,868 |  |  | 3.22 |  |  | 4,982,771 |  |  | 2.98 |  |  | 4,658,075 |  |  | 3.43 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 28,132,164 |  |  | 1.60 | % |  | 28,524,706 |  |  | 2.52 | % |  | 28,532,806 |  |  | 1.90 | % |  | 26,007,468 |  |  | 2.72 | %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities |  | 549,591 |  |  |  |  | 355,351 |  |  |  |  | 234,798 |  |  |  |  | 392,173 |  |  |
Equity |  | 2,289,932 |  |  |  |  | 3,241,733 |  |  |  |  | 2,240,724 |  |  |  |  | 3,117,917 |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 30,971,687 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,121,790 |  |  |  |  | $ | 31,008,328 |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,517,558 |  |  |
Net interest margin |  |  |  | 4.82 | % |  |  |  | 5.41 | % |  |  |  | 4.81 | % |  |  |  | 5.76 | %

______
(1) Includes the average balance of our unsecured borrowings, as well as secured borrowings and amortization expense of transaction costs related to our term asset-backed securitizations and our Secured Borrowing Facility.
11

Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) are calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS calculations follows.

|  | Quarters Ended |  | Years Ended
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(In thousands, except per share data) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 432,700 |  |  | $ | 141,352 |  |  | $ | 880,690 |  |  | $ | 578,276 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | 1,734 |  |  | 3,885 |  |  | 9,734 |  |  | 16,837 |
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock |  | $ | 430,966 |  |  | $ | 137,467 |  |  | $ | 870,956 |  |  | $ | 561,439 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS |  | 375,120 |  |  | 421,346 |  |  | 383,705 |  |  | 427,292 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) (1)(2) |  | 5,533 |  |  | 3,696 |  |  | 3,490 |  |  | 3,382 |
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS |  | 380,653 |  |  | 425,042 |  |  | 387,195 |  |  | 430,674 |
Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 2.27 |  |  | $ | 1.31 |
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |

__________
(1) Includes the potential dilutive effect of additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under the ESPP, determined by the treasury stock method.
(2) For the quarters and years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, securities covering no shares were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
12

Allowance for Credit Losses Metrics

|  | Allowance for Credit Losses
|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2020
|  | FFELP Loans |  | Private Education Loans |  |  |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Allowance for Credit Losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 4,363 |  |  | $ | 1,728,811 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,385 |  |  | $ | 1,734,559 |
Transfer from unfunded commitment liability(1) |  | — |  |  | 41,253 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 41,253 |
Provisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for current period |  | 135 |  |  | (147,494) |  |  |  |  | 137 |  |  | (147,222) |
Loan transfer to held-for-sale |  | — |  |  | (205,669) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (205,669) |
Total provisions(2) |  | 135 |  |  | (353,163) |  |  |  |  | 137 |  |  | (352,891) |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs |  | (120) |  |  | (66,780) |  |  |  |  | (23) |  |  | (66,923) |
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | 5,723 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5,725 |
Net charge-offs |  | (120) |  |  | (61,057) |  |  |  |  | (21) |  |  | (61,198) |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 4,378 |  |  | $ | 1,355,844 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 1,361,723 |
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104,265 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104,265 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 4,378 |  |  | $ | 1,251,579 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 1,257,458 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,274,590 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,274,590 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 737,593 |  |  | $ | 18,454,747 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  | $ | 19,204,578 |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(3) |  | 0.09 | % |  | 1.52 | % |  |  |  | 0.71 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance |  | 0.59 | % |  | 6.87 | % |  |  |  | 12.27 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(3) |  | 0.76 | % |  | 9.48 | % |  |  |  | 12.27 | % |  |
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) |  | 9.12 |  |  | 5.55 |  |  |  |  | 17.87 |  |  |
Ending total loans, gross |  | $ | 737,593 |  |  | $ | 19,729,337 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  |
Average loans in repayment(3) |  | $ | 561,150 |  |  | $ | 16,058,960 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,817 |  |  |
Ending loans in repayment(3) |  | $ | 573,361 |  |  | $ | 14,304,821 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  |

________
(1) See “Unfunded Loan Commitments” on page 19 for a summary of the activity in the allowance for and balance of unfunded loan commitments, respectively.
(2) Below is a reconciliation of the provisions for credit losses reported in the consolidated statements of income. When a new loan commitment is made, we record the CECL allowance as a liability for unfunded loan commitments by recording a provision for credit losses. When the loan is funded, we transfer that liability to the allowance for credit losses.
13

Consolidated Statements of Income Provisions for Credit Losses Reconciliation
|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2020
Private Education Loan provisions for credit losses: |  |
Provisions for credit losses |  | $ | (353,163) |
Provisions for unfunded loan commitments |  | 36,519 |
Total Private Education Loan provisions for credit losses |  | (316,644) |
Other impacts to the provisions for credit losses: |  |
FFELP Loans |  | 135 |
Credit Cards |  | 137 |
Total |  | 272 |
Provisions for credit losses reported in consolidated statements of income |  | $ | (316,372) |

(3) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
14

|  | Allowance for Credit Losses
|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | FFELP Loans |  | Private Education Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Allowance for Credit Losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 1,689 |  |  | $ | 342,544 |  |  | $ | 70,173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 414,406 |
Total provisions |  | 158 |  |  | 82,281 |  |  | 14,503 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 97,045 |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs |  | (214) |  |  | (57,621) |  |  | (20,362) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (78,198) |
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | 7,096 |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,659 |
Net charge-offs |  | (214) |  |  | (50,525) |  |  | (18,799) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (69,539) |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 374,300 |  |  | $ | 65,877 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 441,912 |
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 186,697 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 186,697 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 187,603 |  |  | $ | 65,877 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 255,215 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,581,966 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,581,966 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 783,306 |  |  | $ | 21,607,625 |  |  | $ | 1,049,007 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  | $ | 23,443,822 |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(1) |  | 0.14 | % |  | 1.24 | % |  | 6.82 | % |  | 0.17 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance |  | 0.21 | % |  | 1.61 | % |  | 6.28 | % |  | 2.63 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(1) |  | 0.26 | % |  | 2.23 | % |  | 6.28 | % |  | 2.63 | % |  |
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) |  | 1.91 |  |  | 1.85 |  |  | 0.88 |  |  | 25.50 |  |  |
Ending total loans, gross |  | $ | 783,306 |  |  | $ | 23,189,591 |  |  | $ | 1,049,007 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  |
Average loans in repayment(1) |  | $ | 617,406 |  |  | $ | 16,359,538 |  |  | $ | 1,102,953 |  |  | $ | 2,373 |  |  |
Ending loans in repayment(1) |  | $ | 617,646 |  |  | $ | 16,787,670 |  |  | $ | 1,049,007 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  |

____________
(1) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
15

|  | Allowance for Credit Losses
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2020
|  | FFELP Loans |  | Private Education Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Allowance for Credit Losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 374,300 |  |  | $ | 65,877 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 441,912 |
Day 1 adjustment for the adoption of CECL |  | 2,852 |  |  | 1,060,830 |  |  | 79,183 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 1,143,053 |
Balance on January 1, 2020 |  | 4,485 |  |  | 1,435,130 |  |  | 145,060 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 1,584,965 |
Transfer from unfunded commitment liability(1) |  | — |  |  | 320,808 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 320,808 |
Provisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for current period |  | 412 |  |  | 148,673 |  |  | 40,485 |  |  | 1,328 |  |  | 190,898 |
Loan sale reduction to provision |  | — |  |  | (161,793) |  |  | (42,916) |  |  | — |  |  | (204,709) |
Loan transfer to held-for-sale |  | — |  |  | (205,669) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (205,669) |
Total provisions(2) |  | 412 |  |  | (218,789) |  |  | (2,431) |  |  | 1,328 |  |  | (219,480) |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs |  | (519) |  |  | (205,326) |  |  | (39,079) |  |  | (119) |  |  | (245,043) |
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | 24,021 |  |  | 4,984 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 29,007 |
Net charge-offs |  | (519) |  |  | (181,305) |  |  | (34,095) |  |  | (117) |  |  | (216,036) |
Loan sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (108,534) |  |  | — |  |  | (108,534) |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 4,378 |  |  | $ | 1,355,844 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 1,361,723 |
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104,265 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104,265 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 4,378 |  |  | $ | 1,251,579 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 1,257,458 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,274,590 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,274,590 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 737,593 |  |  | $ | 18,454,747 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  | $ | 19,204,578 |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment(3) |  | 0.09 | % |  | 1.17 | % |  | — | % |  | 1.26 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance |  | 0.59 | % |  | 6.87 | % |  | — | % |  | 12.27 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(3) |  | 0.76 | % |  | 9.48 | % |  | — | % |  | 12.27 | % |  |
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs |  | 8.44 |  |  | 7.48 |  |  | — |  |  | 12.83 |  |  |
Ending total loans, gross |  | $ | 737,593 |  |  | $ | 19,729,337 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  |
Average loans in repayment(3) |  | $ | 549,584 |  |  | $ | 15,518,851 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,286 |  |  |
Ending loans in repayment(3) |  | $ | 573,361 |  |  | $ | 14,304,821 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  |

________
(1) See “Unfunded Loan Commitments” on page 19 for a summary of the activity in the allowance for and balance of unfunded loan commitments, respectively.
(2) Below is a reconciliation of the provisions for credit losses reported in the consolidated statements of income. When a new loan commitment is made, we record the CECL allowance as a liability for unfunded loan commitments by recording a provision for credit losses. When the loan is funded, we transfer that liability to the allowance for credit losses.
16

Consolidated Statements of Income Provisions for Credit Losses Reconciliation
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2020
Private Education Loan provisions for credit losses: |  |
Provisions for credit losses |  | $ | (218,789) |
Provisions for unfunded loan commitments |  | 312,613 |
Total Private Education Loan provisions for credit losses |  | 93,824 |
Other impacts to the provisions for credit losses: |  |
Personal Loans |  | (2,431) |
FFELP Loans |  | 412 |
Credit Cards |  | 1,328 |
Total |  | (691) |
Provisions for credit losses reported in consolidated statements of income |  | $ | 93,133 |

(3) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
17

|  | Allowance for Credit Losses
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | FFELP Loans |  | Private Education Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Allowance for Credit Losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 977 |  |  | $ | 277,943 |  |  | $ | 62,201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 341,121 |
Total provisions |  | 1,478 |  |  | 279,570 |  |  | 72,783 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 353,934 |
Net charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs |  | (822) |  |  | (208,978) |  |  | (74,313) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (284,114) |
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | 25,765 |  |  | 5,206 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,971 |
Net charge-offs |  | (822) |  |  | (183,213) |  |  | (69,107) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (253,143) |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 374,300 |  |  | $ | 65,877 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 441,912 |
Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 186,697 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 186,697 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 187,603 |  |  | $ | 65,877 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 255,215 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,581,966 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,581,966 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 783,306 |  |  | $ | 21,607,625 |  |  | $ | 1,049,007 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  | $ | 23,443,822 |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment(1) |  | 0.13 | % |  | 1.17 | % |  | 6.07 | % |  | 0.13 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance |  | 0.21 | % |  | 1.61 | % |  | 6.28 | % |  | 2.63 | % |  |
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(1) |  | 0.26 | % |  | 2.23 | % |  | 6.28 | % |  | 2.63 | % |  |
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs |  | 1.99 |  |  | 2.04 |  |  | 0.95 |  |  | 102.00 |  |  |
Ending total loans, gross |  | $ | 783,306 |  |  | $ | 23,189,591 |  |  | $ | 1,049,007 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  |
Average loans in repayment(1) |  | $ | 631,029 |  |  | $ | 15,605,927 |  |  | $ | 1,138,887 |  |  | $ | 786 |  |  |
Ending loans in repayment(1) |  | $ | 617,646 |  |  | $ | 16,787,670 |  |  | $ | 1,049,007 |  |  | $ | 3,884 |  |  |

________
(1)Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
18

Unfunded Loan Commitments

| Quarters Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
(Dollars in thousands) | Allowance |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Allowance |  | Unfunded Commitments
Beginning Balance | $ | 114,778 |  |  | $ | 1,771,127 |  |  | $ | 1,967 |  |  | $ | 2,234,110 |
Provisions/New commitments - net(1) | 36,519 |  |  | 527,615 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 391,118 |
Transfer - funded loans(2) | (41,253) |  |  | (625,724) |  |  | (503) |  |  | (714,625) |
Ending Balance | $ | 110,044 |  |  | $ | 1,673,018 |  |  | $ | 2,481 |  |  | $ | 1,910,603 |

| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
(Dollars in thousands) | Allowance |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Allowance |  | Unfunded Commitments
Beginning Balance | $ | 2,481 |  |  | $ | 1,910,603 |  |  | $ | 2,165 |  |  | $ | 2,010,744 |
Day 1 adjustment for the adoption of CECL | 115,758 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 118,239 |  |  | 1,910,603 |  |  | 2,165 |  |  | 2,010,744 |
Provisions/New commitments - net(1) | 312,613 |  |  | 5,070,175 |  |  | 6,533 |  |  | 5,513,790 |
Transfer - funded loans(2) | (320,808) |  |  | (5,307,760) |  |  | (6,217) |  |  | (5,613,931) |
Ending Balance | $ | 110,044 |  |  | $ | 1,673,018 |  |  | $ | 2,481 |  |  | $ | 1,910,603 |

________________
(1) Net of expirations of commitments unused.
(2) When a loan commitment is funded, its related liability for credit losses (which originally was recorded as a provision for unfunded loan commitments) is transferred to the allowance for credit losses.
19

Private Education Loans Held for Investment - Key Credit Quality Indicators

|  | Private Education Loans Held for Investment
|  | Credit Quality Indicators
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance(1) |  | % of Balance |  | Balance(1) |  | % of Balance
Cosigners: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With cosigner |  | $ | 17,378,282 |  |  | 88 | % |  | $ | 20,709,636 |  |  | 89 | %
Without cosigner |  | 2,351,055 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,479,955 |  |  | 11 |
Total |  | $ | 19,729,337 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 23,189,591 |  |  | 100 | %
FICO at Original Approval(2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 670 |  | $ | 1,441,171 |  |  | 7 | % |  | $ | 1,665,589 |  |  | 7 | %
670-699 |  | 3,031,266 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 3,570,025 |  |  | 16 |
700-749 |  | 6,510,093 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 7,670,748 |  |  | 33 |
Greater than or equal to 750 |  | 8,746,807 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 10,283,229 |  |  | 44 |
Total |  | $ | 19,729,337 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 23,189,591 |  |  | 100 | %
FICO-Refreshed(2)(3): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than 670 |  | $ | 2,199,038 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 2,979,437 |  |  | 13 | %
670-699 |  | 2,289,210 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,883,122 |  |  | 13 |
700-749 |  | 5,780,999 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 6,806,602 |  |  | 29 |
Greater than or equal to 750 |  | 9,460,090 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 10,520,430 |  |  | 45 |
Total |  | $ | 19,729,337 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 23,189,591 |  |  | 100 | %
Seasoning(4): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1-12 payments |  | $ | 4,498,496 |  |  | 23 | % |  | $ | 5,351,702 |  |  | 23 | %
13-24 payments |  | 3,346,831 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 4,004,151 |  |  | 17 |
25-36 payments |  | 2,345,094 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,902,365 |  |  | 12 |
37-48 payments |  | 1,719,461 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2,213,944 |  |  | 10 |
More than 48 payments |  | 3,040,415 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 3,030,024 |  |  | 13 |
Not yet in repayment |  | 4,779,040 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 5,687,405 |  |  | 25 |
Total |  | $ | 19,729,337 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 23,189,591 |  |  | 100 | %

______
(1)Balance represents gross Private Education Loans held for investment.
(2)Represents the higher credit score of the cosigner or the borrower.
(3)Represents the FICO score updated as of the fourth-quarter 2020.
(4)Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due.
20

Delinquencies - Private Education Loans Held for Investment
The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Private Education Loans held for investment. Loans in repayment include loans making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period (but for purposes of the following table, do not include those loans while they are in forbearance).

|  | Private Education Loans Held for Investment |
|  | December 31, |  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | % |  | Balance |  | % |
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)(2) |  | $ | 4,779,040 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,687,405 |  |  |  |
Loans in forbearance(1)(3) |  | 645,476 |  |  |  |  | 714,516 |  |  |  |
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status(1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans current |  | 13,898,948 |  |  | 97.2 | % |  | 16,315,651 |  |  | 97.2 | % |
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(4) |  | 205,528 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 288,051 |  |  | 1.7 |  |
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(4) |  | 119,643 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 121,302 |  |  | 0.7 |  |
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(4) |  | 80,702 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 62,666 |  |  | 0.4 |  |
Total Private Education Loans in repayment |  | 14,304,821 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 16,787,670 |  |  | 100.0 | % |
Total Private Education Loans, gross |  | 19,729,337 |  |  |  |  | 23,189,591 |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount) |  | 63,475 |  |  |  |  | 81,224 |  |  |  |
Total Private Education Loans |  | 19,792,812 |  |  |  |  | 23,270,815 |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans allowance for losses |  | (1,355,844) |  |  |  |  | (374,300) |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans, net |  | $ | 18,436,968 |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,896,515 |  |  |  |
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment |  |  |  | 72.5 | % |  |  |  | 72.4 | % |
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment |  |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  |  | 2.8 | % |
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment and forbearance |  |  |  | 4.3 | % |  |  |  | 4.1 | % |

_______
(1)For some students, going back to school in the fall was not an option because of the pandemic, or for other reasons. Therefore, some students are taking a “gap year” before returning to school. In 2020, for those students that had unexpectedly separated from school, we provided an extension of time through fall 2021 to re-enroll, before beginning their grace period that occurs prior to entering full principal and interest payments. At December 31, 2020, the loans in the “in-school/grace/deferment” category above include $401 million of Private Education Loans whose borrowers did not return to school in the fall of 2020 and who received such extension of time from us to re-enroll before beginning their grace period. At December 31, 2020, the loans in the “in forbearance” category above include $30 million of Private Education Loans whose borrowers did not return to school in the fall of 2020 and who received such extension of time from us to re-enroll before beginning their grace period. At December 31, 2020, the loans in the “in repayment” category above include $609 million of Private Education Loans whose borrowers did not return to school in the fall of 2020 and who received such extension of time from us to re-enroll before beginning their grace period.
(2)Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation).
(3)Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
(4)The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
21

Summary of Our Loans Held for Investment Portfolio
Ending Loans Held for Investment Balances, net

|  | December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Private Education Loans |  | FFELP Loans |  |  |  | Credit Cards |  | Total Loans Held for Investment Portfolio
Total loan portfolio: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-school(1) |  | $ | 3,582,394 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,582,475 |
Grace, repayment and other(2)(3) |  | 16,146,943 |  |  | 737,512 |  |  |  |  | 12,238 |  |  | 16,896,693 |
Total, gross |  | 19,729,337 |  |  | 737,593 |  |  |  |  | 12,238 |  |  | 20,479,168 |
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount) |  | 63,475 |  |  | 1,993 |  |  |  |  | 230 |  |  | 65,698 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (1,355,844) |  |  | (4,378) |  |  |  |  | (1,501) |  |  | (1,361,723) |
Total loans held for investment portfolio, net |  | $ | 18,436,968 |  |  | $ | 735,208 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,967 |  |  | $ | 19,183,143 |
% of total |  | 96 | % |  | 4 | % |  |  |  | — | % |  | 100 | %

_______
(1)Loans for customers still attending school and who are not yet required to make payments on the loans. For some students, going back to school in the fall was not an option because of the pandemic, or for other reasons. Therefore, some students are taking a “gap year” before returning to school. In 2020, for those students that had unexpectedly separated from school, we provided an extension of time through fall 2021 to re-enroll, before beginning their grace period that occurs prior to entering full principal and interest payments. At December 31, 2020, the loans in the “in-school” category include $254 million of Private Education Loans whose borrowers did not return to school in the fall of 2020 and who received such extension of time from us to re-enroll before beginning their grace period and, therefore, currently are not required to make any payments.
(2)At December 31, 2020, the loans in the “grace, repayment and other” category include (a) $147 million of Private Education Loans whose borrowers are in a grace or deferred status and who did not return to school in the fall of 2020, who received such extension of time from us to re-enroll before beginning their grace period and, therefore, currently are not required to make any payments and, (b) $639 million of Private Education Loans whose borrowers are in a forbearance or repayment status and who did not return to school in the fall of 2020 and who received such extension of time from us to re-enroll before beginning their grace period.
(3)Includes loans in deferment or forbearance. Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.

|  | December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Private Education Loans |  | FFELP Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total Loans Held for Investment Portfolio
Total loan portfolio: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-school(1) |  | $ | 4,288,239 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,288,320 |
Grace, repayment and other(2) |  | 18,901,352 |  |  | 783,225 |  |  | 1,049,007 |  |  | 3,884 |  |  | 20,737,468 |
Total, gross |  | 23,189,591 |  |  | 783,306 |  |  | 1,049,007 |  |  | 3,884 |  |  | 25,025,788 |
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount) |  | 81,224 |  |  | 2,143 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 83,916 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (374,300) |  |  | (1,633) |  |  | (65,877) |  |  | (102) |  |  | (441,912) |
Total loans held for investment portfolio, net |  | $ | 22,896,515 |  |  | $ | 783,816 |  |  | $ | 983,643 |  |  | $ | 3,818 |  |  | $ | 24,667,792 |
% of total |  | 93 | % |  | 3 | % |  | 4 | % |  | — | % |  | 100 | %

_______
(1) Loans for customers still attending school and who are not yet required to make payments on the loans.
(2) Includes loans in deferment or forbearance. Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
22

Average Loans Held for Investment Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount)

|  | Quarters Ended December 31, |  | Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Private Education Loans |  | $ | 22,675,980 |  |  | 97 | % |  | $ | 23,202,502 |  |  | 93 | % |  | $ | 22,426,216 |  |  | 94 | % |  | $ | 22,225,473 |  |  | 92 | %
FFELP Loans |  | 743,330 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 791,430 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 757,953 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 814,198 |  |  | 3 |
Personal Loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,108,960 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 582,552 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,141,503 |  |  | 5 |
Total portfolio |  | $ | 23,419,310 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 25,102,892 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 23,766,721 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 24,181,174 |  |  | 100 | %

Loans Held for Investment Activity

|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Private Education Loans |  | FFELP Loans |  |  |  | Credit Cards |  | Total Loans Held for Investment
Beginning balance |  | $ | 20,955,922 |  |  | $ | 743,220 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,629 |  |  | $ | 21,709,771 |
Acquisitions and originations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate |  | 297,202 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 297,202 |
Variable-rate |  | 335,707 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 9,070 |  |  | 344,777 |
Total acquisitions and originations |  | 632,909 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 9,070 |  |  | 641,979 |
Capitalized interest and deferred origination cost premium amortization |  | 281,760 |  |  | 8,362 |  |  |  |  | (252) |  |  | 289,870 |
Loan consolidations to third-parties |  | (397,787) |  |  | (4,584) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (402,371) |
Allowance |  | 372,967 |  |  | (15) |  |  |  |  | (116) |  |  | 372,836 |
Transfer to loans held for sale |  | (2,885,640) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2,885,640) |
Repayments and other |  | (523,163) |  |  | (11,775) |  |  |  |  | (8,364) |  |  | (543,302) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 18,436,968 |  |  | $ | 735,208 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,967 |  |  | $ | 19,183,143 |

|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Private Education Loans |  | FFELP Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total Loans Held for Investment
Beginning balance |  | $ | 22,855,728 |  |  | $ | 798,682 |  |  | $ | 1,062,254 |  |  | $ | 1,143 |  |  | $ | 24,717,807 |
Acquisitions and originations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate |  | 449,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,601 |  |  | — |  |  | 522,872 |
Variable-rate |  | 273,315 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,407 |  |  | 277,722 |
Total acquisitions and originations |  | 722,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,601 |  |  | 4,407 |  |  | 800,594 |
Capitalized interest and deferred origination cost premium amortization |  | 352,034 |  |  | 6,832 |  |  | (102) |  |  | — |  |  | 358,764 |
Loan consolidations to third-parties |  | (466,152) |  |  | (5,519) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (471,671) |
Allowance |  | (31,756) |  |  | 56 |  |  | 4,296 |  |  | (102) |  |  | (27,506) |
Repayments and other |  | (535,925) |  |  | (16,235) |  |  | (156,406) |  |  | (1,630) |  |  | (710,196) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 22,896,515 |  |  | $ | 783,816 |  |  | $ | 983,643 |  |  | $ | 3,818 |  |  | $ | 24,667,792 |

23

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Private Education Loans |  | FFELP Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total Loans Held for Investment
Beginning balance |  | $ | 22,896,515 |  |  | $ | 783,816 |  |  | $ | 983,643 |  |  | $ | 3,818 |  |  | $ | 24,667,792 |
Day 1 CECL Adjustment to Allowance |  | (1,060,830) |  |  | (2,852) |  |  | (79,183) |  |  | (188) |  |  | (1,143,053) |
Balance on January 1, 2020 |  | 21,835,685 |  |  | 780,964 |  |  | 904,460 |  |  | 3,630 |  |  | 23,524,739 |
Acquisitions and originations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate |  | 2,903,258 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,903,299 |
Variable-rate |  | 2,439,029 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,955 |  |  | 2,474,984 |
Total acquisitions and originations |  | 5,342,287 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 35,955 |  |  | 5,378,283 |
Capitalized interest and deferred origination cost premium amortization |  | 616,115 |  |  | 27,558 |  |  | (253) |  |  | (819) |  |  | 642,601 |
Sales |  | (2,925,478) |  |  | — |  |  | (588,285) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,513,763) |
Loan consolidations to third-parties |  | (1,482,971) |  |  | (21,243) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,504,214) |
Allowance |  | 79,285 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 36,526 |  |  | (1,211) |  |  | 114,707 |
Transfer to loans held for sale |  | (2,885,640) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,885,640) |
Repayments and other |  | (2,142,315) |  |  | (52,178) |  |  | (352,489) |  |  | (26,588) |  |  | (2,573,570) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 18,436,968 |  |  | $ | 735,208 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,967 |  |  | $ | 19,183,143 |

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Private Education Loans |  | FFELP Loans |  | Personal Loans |  | Credit Cards |  | Total Loans Held for Investment
Beginning balance |  | $ | 20,294,843 |  |  | $ | 847,889 |  |  | $ | 1,128,187 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,270,919 |
Acquisitions and originations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate |  | 3,784,860 |  |  | — |  |  | 480,398 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,265,258 |
Variable-rate |  | 1,866,914 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,933 |  |  | 1,872,847 |
Total acquisitions and originations |  | 5,651,774 |  |  | — |  |  | 480,398 |  |  | 5,933 |  |  | 6,138,105 |
Capitalized interest and deferred origination cost premium amortization |  | 722,153 |  |  | 28,258 |  |  | (323) |  |  | — |  |  | 750,088 |
Loan consolidations to third-parties |  | (1,512,279) |  |  | (27,461) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,539,740) |
Allowance |  | (96,357) |  |  | (656) |  |  | (3,676) |  |  | (102) |  |  | (100,791) |
Repayments and other |  | (2,163,619) |  |  | (64,214) |  |  | (620,943) |  |  | (2,013) |  |  | (2,850,789) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 22,896,515 |  |  | $ | 783,816 |  |  | $ | 983,643 |  |  | $ | 3,818 |  |  | $ | 24,667,792 |

24

Private Education Loan Originations
The following table summarizes our Private Education Loan originations. Originations represent loans that were funded or acquired during the period presented.

|  | Quarters Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | % |  | 2019 |  | %
Smart Option - interest only(1) |  | $ | 145,000 |  |  | 23 | % |  | $ | 158,611 |  |  | 22 | %
Smart Option - fixed pay(1) |  | 175,234 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 193,667 |  |  | 27 |
Smart Option - deferred(1) |  | 200,807 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 244,555 |  |  | 34 |
Smart Option - principal and interest |  | 1,325 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,325 |  |  | — |
Graduate Loan |  | 95,906 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 106,233 |  |  | 15 |
Parent Loan |  | 8,709 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 12,180 |  |  | 2 |
Total Private Education Loan originations |  | $ | 626,981 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 716,571 |  |  | 100 | %
Percentage of loans with a cosigner |  | 82.6 | % |  |  |  | 83.2 | % |  |
Average FICO at approval(2) |  | 751 |  |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | % |  | 2019 |  | % |
Smart Option - interest only(1) |  | $ | 1,222,148 |  |  | 23 | % |  | $ | 1,234,246 |  |  | 22 | % |
Smart Option - fixed pay(1) |  | 1,498,578 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1,560,496 |  |  | 28 |  |
Smart Option - deferred(1) |  | 1,912,978 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 2,082,147 |  |  | 37 |  |
Smart Option - principal and interest |  | 9,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,806 |  |  | — |  |
Graduate Loan |  | 579,451 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 622,181 |  |  | 11 |  |
Parent Loan |  | 98,023 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 115,910 |  |  | 2 |  |
Total Private Education Loan originations |  | $ | 5,320,737 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 5,624,786 |  |  | 100 | % |
Percentage of loans with a cosigner |  | 86.0 | % |  |  |  | 86.6 | % |  |  |
Average FICO at approval(2) |  | 749 |  |  |  |  | 746 |  |  |  |

_______
(1) Interest only, fixed pay and deferred describe the payment option while in school or in grace period. See Item 1. “Business - Our Business - Private Education Loans” in the 2019 Form 10-K for a further discussion.
(2) Represents the higher credit score of the cosigner or the borrower.
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Deposits
Interest-bearing deposits are summarized as follows:

|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Year-End Weighted Average Stated Rate(1) |  | Amount |  | Year-End Weighted Average Stated Rate(1) |
Money market |  | $ | 10,159,657 |  |  | 0.83 | % |  | $ | 9,616,547 |  |  | 2.04 | % |
Savings |  | 907,976 |  |  | 0.55 |  |  | 718,616 |  |  | 1.71 |  |
Certificates of deposit |  | 11,597,266 |  |  | 1.34 |  |  | 13,947,743 |  |  | 2.44 |  |
Deposits - interest-bearing |  | $ | 22,664,899 |  |  |  |  | $ | 24,282,906 |  |  |  |

_____
(1) Includes the effect of interest rate swaps in effective hedge relationships.
Regulatory Capital
Sallie Mae Bank’s required and actual regulatory capital amounts and ratios under U.S. Basel III are shown in the following table.

|  | Actual |  | U.S. Basel III Minimum Requirements Plus Buffer(1)(2)
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
As of December 31, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | $ | 3,579,005 |  | 14.0 | % |  | $ | 1,794,780 |  | > | 7.0 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | $ | 3,579,005 |  | 14.0 | % |  | $ | 2,179,375 |  | > | 8.5 | %
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | $ | 3,849,820 |  | 15.0 | % |  | $ | 2,692,169 |  | > | 10.5 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) |  | $ | 3,579,005 |  | 11.3 | % |  | $ | 1,264,424 |  | > | 4.0 | %
As of December 31, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | $ | 3,264,309 |  | 12.2 | % |  | $ | 1,876,050 |  | > | 7.0 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | $ | 3,264,309 |  | 12.2 | % |  | $ | 2,278,060 |  | > | 8.5 | %
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | $ | 3,600,668 |  | 13.4 | % |  | $ | 2,814,074 |  | > | 10.5 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) |  | $ | 3,264,309 |  | 10.2 | % |  | $ | 1,282,642 |  | > | 4.0 | %

________________
(1) Reflects the U.S. Basel III minimum required ratio plus the applicable capital conservation buffer.
(2) The Bank’s regulatory capital ratios also exceeded all applicable standards for the Bank to qualify as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework.
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