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Loans Held for Investment - Additional Information (Details) | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |  |
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Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) payment | Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) payment numberOfExtensions rateReduction | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Jul. 01, 2006 | Jun. 30, 2006 | Sep. 30, 1993
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private loans indexed to LIBOR | 52.10% |  |  |  | 55.00% |  |  |  | 52.10% | 55.00% |  |  |  |
Tier 1 of government guarantee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97.00% |  |
Tier 2 of government guarantee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 98.00% |
Tier 3 of government guarantee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.00%
Gains on sales of loans, net | $ 145,535,000 | $ (10,000) | $ 3,679,000 | $ 399,111,000 | $ (247,000) | $ (4,000) | $ (369,000) | $ 238,935,000 | $ 548,315,000 | $ 238,315,000 | $ 0 |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of loans receivable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,240,000,000 | 3,100,000,000 |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment, principal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,980,000,000 | 2,900,000,000 |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment, capitalized interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 264,000,000 | $ 199,000,000 |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from sales of personal loans, principal |  |  |  |  |  | 697,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from personal loans, accrued interest |  |  |  |  |  | 7,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Estimated weighted average life of student loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 years 8 months 12 days | 5 years 4 months 24 days |  |  |  |
Number of payments due before granting forbearance | payment | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Increment in which disaster forbearance is granted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 months |  |  |  |  |
Maximum amount of forbearance granted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Period of positive payment performance required by a borrower between successive grants of forbearance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Number of payments required by a borrower between successive grants of forbearance | payment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |
Period excluded from disallowance of forbearance following grace period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 months |  |  |  |  |
Period that delinquent borrowers can participate in certain short-term interest-only payment alternatives, option one |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Period that delinquent borrowers can participate in certain short-term interest-only payment alternatives, option two |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 years |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate reduction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.00% |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate offered to borrowers facing financial difficulty, period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 years |  |  |  |  |
Number of available extensions of final maturity date of loan under loan modification program, borrowers facing financial difficulty | numberOfExtensions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Number of rate reductions available under loan modification program, borrowers facing financial difficulty | rateReduction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate offered to borrowers facing financial difficulty | 4.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.00% |  |  |  |  |
Number of consecutive monthly payments required to qualify for rate reduction, borrowers facing financial difficulty | payment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |
Period of positive payment performance required by a borrower between successive grants of forbearance, borrowers facing financial difficulty |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Loans currently in repayment status that were subject to interest rate reductions | 7.20% |  |  |  | 7.80% |  |  |  | 7.20% | 7.80% |  |  |  |
Period of loans past due that have accrued interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90 days | 90 days |  |  |  |
Loans in nonaccrual status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 0 | $ 0 |  |  |  |
Percentage of loans concentrated in major states | 38.40% |  |  |  | 38.80% |  |  |  | 38.40% | 38.80% |  |  |  |
Percentage of aggregate outstanding loans held for investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.00% |  |  |  |  |
Personal Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan sale reduction to provision |  |  |  |  |  | $ 43,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ninety or more days delinquent | $ 80,000,000 |  |  |  | $ 81,000,000 |  |  |  | $ 80,000,000 | $ 81,000,000 |  |  |  |
Loans pledged to borrower in custody | 2,900,000,000 |  |  |  | 3,300,000,000 |  |  |  | 2,900,000,000 | 3,300,000,000 |  |  |  |
FFELP Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ninety or more days delinquent | $ 34,000,000 |  |  |  | $ 36,000,000 |  |  |  | $ 34,000,000 | $ 36,000,000 |  |  |  |
Maximum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increments in which forbearance is granted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 months |  |  |  |  |
Increase to life of loan defaults |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16.60% |  |  |  |  |
Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increments in which forbearance is granted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 month |  |  |  |  |
Increase to life of loan defaults |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.10% |  |  |  |  |

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