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Loans Held for Investment -Narrative (Details) | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |  |
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Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) payment | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Jul. 01, 2006 | Jun. 30, 2006 | Sep. 30, 1993
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private loans indexed to LIBOR |  | 33.00% | 45.00% |  |  |  |
Tier 1 of government guarantee (at least) |  | 97.00% |  |  | 97.00% |  |
Tier 2 of government guarantee |  |  |  |  |  | 98.00% |
Tier 3 of government guarantee |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.00%
Gain (loss) on sale of financing receivable |  | $ 164,000,000 | $ 328,000,000 | $ 548,000,000 |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of loans receivable |  | 3,150,000,000 | 3,340,000,000 | 4,240,000,000 |  |  |
Net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment, principal |  | 2,930,000,000 | 3,130,000,000 | 3,980,000,000 |  |  |
Net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment, capitalized interest |  | $ 226,000,000 | $ 217,000,000 | $ 264,000,000 |  |  |
Estimated weighted average life of student loans |  | 5 years | 5 years |  |  |  |
Number of payments due before granting forbearance | payment |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Increment in which disaster forbearance is granted |  | 3 months |  |  |  |  |
Maximum amount of forbearance granted |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Period of positive payment performance required by a borrower between successive grants of forbearance |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Number of payments required by a borrower between successive grants of forbearance | payment |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |
Period excluded from disallowance of forbearance following grace period |  | 6 months |  |  |  |  |
Period that delinquent borrowers can participate in certain short-term interest-only payment alternatives, option one |  | 12 months |  |  |  |  |
Period that delinquent borrowers can participate in certain short-term interest-only payment alternatives, option two |  | 5 years |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate reduction |  | 2.00% |  |  |  |  |
Period of loans past due that have accrued interest |  | 90 days | 90 days |  |  |  |
Loans in nonaccrual status |  | $ 0 | $ 0 |  |  |  |
Percentage of loans concentrated in major states |  | 43.50% | 43.10% |  |  |  |
Percentage of aggregate outstanding loans held for investment |  | 5.00% |  |  |  |  |
Credit Cards |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) on sale of financing receivable | $ (4,000,000) |  |  |  |  |  |
Private Education Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ninety or more days delinquent |  | $ 151,000,000 | $ 135,000,000 |  |  |  |
Loans pledged to borrower in custody |  | 1,400,000,000 | 2,700,000,000 |  |  |  |
FFELP Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ninety or more days delinquent |  | $ 45,000,000 | $ 68,000,000 |  |  |  |
Maximum |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increments in which forbearance is granted |  | 2 months |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate offered to borrowers facing financial difficulty |  | 8.00% |  |  |  |  |
Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance Receivable Transferred To Held For Sale [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increments in which forbearance is granted |  | 1 month |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate offered to borrowers facing financial difficulty |  | 2.00% |  |  |  |  |

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