10-Q 1 alk10-q12016.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
T QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
OR
£ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-8957
ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.

Delaware |  | 91-1292054
(State of Incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

19300 International Boulevard, Seattle, Washington 98188
Telephone: (206) 392-5040

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes T No £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes T No £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer T | Accelerated filer £ | Non-accelerated filer £ | Smaller reporting company £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes £ No T
The registrant has 123,252,559 common shares, par value $0.01, outstanding at April 30, 2016.

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
ITEM 1. | CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 4
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 19
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK | 31
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 31
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 32
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 32
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 32
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 34
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 34
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 34
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION | 34
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS | 35
| SIGNATURES | 35

As used in this Form 10-Q, the terms “Air Group,” the "Company," “our,” “we” and "us," refer to Alaska Air Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. Alaska Airlines, Inc. and Horizon Air Industries, Inc. are referred to as “Alaska” and “Horizon,” respectively, and together as our “airlines.”
2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are those that predict or describe future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can generally identify forward-looking statements as statements containing the words "believe," "expect," "will," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "project," "assume" or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or the Company’s present expectations. Some of the things that could cause our actual results to differ from our expectations are:

• | our pending acquisition and the subsequent integration of Virgin America Inc. (Virgin America);

• | the competitive environment in our industry;

• | changes in our operating costs, primarily fuel, which can be volatile;

• | general economic conditions, including the impact of those conditions on customer travel behavior;

• | our ability to meet our cost reduction goals;

• | operational disruptions;

• | an aircraft accident or incident;

• | labor disputes and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

• | the concentration of our revenue from a few key markets;

• | actual or threatened terrorist attacks, global instability and potential U.S. military actions or activities;

• | our reliance on automated systems and the risks associated with changes made to those systems;

• | changes in laws and regulations.

You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements because the matters they describe are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our forward-looking statements are based on the information currently available to us and speak only as of the date on which this report was filed with the SEC. We expressly disclaim any obligation to issue any updates or revisions to our forward-looking statements, even if subsequent events cause our expectations to change regarding the matters discussed in those statements. Over time, our actual results, performance or achievements will likely differ from the anticipated results, performance or achievements that are expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements, and such differences might be significant and materially adverse to our shareholders. For a discussion of these and other risk factors, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors” of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included herein. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of those risks as you read this report.
3

PART I

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)

(in millions) | March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 73 |
Marketable securities | 1,486 |  |  | 1,255 |
Total cash and marketable securities | 1,564 |  |  | 1,328 |
Receivables - net | 235 |  |  | 212 |
Inventories and supplies - net | 45 |  |  | 51 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 79 |  |  | 72 |
Total Current Assets | 1,923 |  |  | 1,663 |
Property and Equipment |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft and other flight equipment | 5,945 |  |  | 5,690 |
Other property and equipment | 967 |  |  | 955 |
Deposits for future flight equipment | 617 |  |  | 771 |
| 7,529 |  |  | 7,416 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,699 |  |  | 2,614 |
Total Property and Equipment - Net | 4,830 |  |  | 4,802 |
Other Assets | 76 |  |  | 65 |
Total Assets | $ | 6,829 |  |  | $ | 6,530 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)

(in millions, except share amounts) | March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 63 |
Accrued wages, vacation and payroll taxes | 213 |  |  | 298 |
Air traffic liability | 868 |  |  | 669 |
Other accrued liabilities | 809 |  |  | 661 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 116 |  |  | 114 |
Total Current Liabilities | 2,069 |  |  | 1,805 |
Long-Term Debt, Net of Current Portion | 531 |  |  | 569 |
Other Liabilities and Credits |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income taxes | 678 |  |  | 682 |
Deferred revenue | 467 |  |  | 431 |
Obligation for pension and postretirement medical benefits | 270 |  |  | 270 |
Other liabilities | 359 |  |  | 362 |
| 1,774 |  |  | 1,745 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, Authorized: 5,000,000 shares, none issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, Authorized: 200,000,000 shares, Issued: 2016 - 128,901,410 shares; 2015 - 128,442,099 shares, Outstanding: 2016 - 123,913,223 shares; 2015 - 125,175,325 shares | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Capital in excess of par value | 86 |  |  | 73 |
Treasury stock (common), at cost: 2016 - 4,988,187 shares; 2015 - 3,266,774 shares | (377 | ) |  | (250 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (294 | ) |  | (303 | )
Retained earnings | 3,039 |  |  | 2,890 |
| 2,455 |  |  | 2,411 |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | $ | 6,829 |  |  | $ | 6,530 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share amounts) | 2016 |  | 2015
Operating Revenues |  |  |
Passenger |  |  |
Mainline | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 901 |
Regional | 206 |  |  | 186 |
Total passenger revenue | 1,133 |  |  | 1,087 |
Freight and mail | 24 |  |  | 23 |
Other - net | 190 |  |  | 159 |
Total Operating Revenues | 1,347 |  |  | 1,269 |
Operating Expenses |  |  |
Wages and benefits | 336 |  |  | 306 |
Variable incentive pay | 32 |  |  | 26 |
Aircraft fuel, including hedging gains and losses | 167 |  |  | 235 |
Aircraft maintenance | 68 |  |  | 63 |
Aircraft rent | 29 |  |  | 26 |
Landing fees and other rentals | 80 |  |  | 71 |
Contracted services | 60 |  |  | 52 |
Selling expenses | 49 |  |  | 53 |
Depreciation and amortization | 88 |  |  | 76 |
Food and beverage service | 31 |  |  | 25 |
Third-party regional carrier expense | 23 |  |  | 15 |
Other | 94 |  |  | 83 |
Total Operating Expenses | 1,057 |  |  | 1,031 |
Operating Income | 290 |  |  | 238 |
Nonoperating Income (Expense) |  |  |
Interest income | 6 |  |  | 5 |
Interest expense | (13 | ) |  | (11 | )
Interest capitalized | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Other - net | 1 |  |  | — |
| 2 |  |  | 2 |
Income before income tax | 292 |  |  | 240 |
Income tax expense | 108 |  |  | 91 |
Net Income | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Basic Earnings Per Share: | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share: | $ | 1.46 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |
Shares used for computation: |  |  |
Basic | 124.550 |  |  | 131.120 |
Diluted | 125.328 |  |  | 132.230 |
Cash dividend declared per share: | $ | 0.275 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS (unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2016 |  | 2015
Net Income | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |
Related to marketable securities: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | 12 |  |  | 7 |
Reclassification of (gains) losses into Other-net nonoperating income (expense) | — |  |  | — |
Income tax effect | (4 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total | 8 |  |  | 4 |
Related to employee benefit plans: |  |  |
Reclassification of net pension expense into Wages and benefits | 5 |  |  | 3 |
Income tax effect | (2 | ) |  | (1 | )
Total | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Related to interest rate derivative instruments: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | (5 | ) |  | (4 | )
Reclassification of (gains) losses into Aircraft rent | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Income tax effect | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Total | (2 | ) |  | (1 | )
Other Comprehensive Income | 9 |  |  | 5 |
Comprehensive Income | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 154 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2016 |  | 2015
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 88 |  |  | 76 |
Stock-based compensation and other | 9 |  |  | 9 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Changes in deferred tax provision | (8 | ) |  | (6 | )
Increase (decrease) in air traffic liability | 199 |  |  | 183 |
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | 36 |  |  | 8 |
Other - net | 17 |  |  | 95 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 525 |  |  | 514 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment additions: |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft and aircraft purchase deposits | (91 | ) |  | (245 | )
Other flight equipment | (15 | ) |  | (21 | )
Other property and equipment | (13 | ) |  | (13 | )
Total property and equipment additions, including capitalized interest | (119 | ) |  | (279 | )
Purchases of marketable securities | (358 | ) |  | (403 | )
Sales and maturities of marketable securities | 140 |  |  | 259 |
Proceeds from disposition of assets and changes in restricted deposits | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (336 | ) |  | (421 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt payments | (36 | ) |  | (35 | )
Common stock repurchases | (127 | ) |  | (102 | )
Dividends paid | (34 | ) |  | (26 | )
Other financing activities | 13 |  |  | 14 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (184 | ) |  | (149 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 5 |  |  | (56 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 73 |  |  | 107 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 51 |
Supplemental disclosure: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest (net of amount capitalized) | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Income taxes paid (received) | 13 |  |  | (65 | )

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
NOTE 1. GENERAL AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization and Basis of Presentation
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alaska Air Group, Inc. (Air Group or the Company) and its subsidiaries, Alaska Airlines, Inc. (Alaska) and Horizon Air Industries, Inc. (Horizon), through which the Company conducts substantially all of its operations. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information. Consistent with these requirements, this Form 10-Q does not include all the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. As a result, this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. In the opinion of management, all adjustments have been made that are necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2016, as well as the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The adjustments made were of a normal recurring nature.
In preparing these statements, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Due to seasonal variations in the demand for air travel, the volatility of aircraft fuel prices, changes in global economic conditions, changes in the competitive environment, and other factors, operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2016, are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the entire year.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform with classifications used in the current year.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (ASU 2014-09), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. At this time, the Company believes the most significant impact to the financial statements will be in Mileage Plan revenues and liabilities. The Company currently uses the incremental cost approach for miles earned through travel. This standard eliminates that option and the Company will be required to increase its liability for earned miles through a relative selling price model. The Company has not evaluated the full impact of the standard, although application is expected to result in a material increase to Deferred Revenue. The Company has not yet selected a transition method.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), which requires debt issuance costs related to a debt liability be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the debt liability. The amendment was adopted as of January 1, 2016. Prior period debt balances have been adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASU 2015-03. The adoption of the ASU had no impact on the Statements of Operations or retained earnings.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for leases currently classified as operating leases. Under the new standard a lessee will recognize a liability on the balance sheet representing the lease payments owed, and a right-of-use-asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The new standard would be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption of the standard is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-02 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet determined whether it will early adopt the standard.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Principal versus Agent Considerations. The proposed standard provides guidance when a revenue transaction involves a third party in providing goods or services to a customer in determining whether the Company is considered the principal or the agent in the transaction. When an entity is engaged to provide the underlying good or service, such entity is classified as the principal in the transaction. When an entity is engaged to arrange for a third party to provide the goods or services, such entity is classified as the agent in the transaction. This ASU has the same effective date as the new revenue standard. Entities are required to adopt this ASU using
9

the same transition method they use to adopt the new revenue accounting standard. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-08 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet elected a transition method nor has it determined whether it will early adopt.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The proposed standard simplifies several aspects of accounting for employee share-based payment awards, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The Company is evaluating the effect of ASU 2016-09 on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The ASU will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017, however early adoption is permitted. The Company has not yet elected a transition method nor has it determined whether it will early adopt.
NOTE 2. PROPOSED ACQUISITION OF VIRGIN AMERICA INC.
On April 1, 2016 the Company entered into an agreement to acquire Virgin America Inc. (Virgin America). The Company has agreed to pay Virgin America shareholders $57 per share, or approximately $2.6 billion, in cash for the outstanding common stock of Virgin America. In addition, the Company expects to assume Virgin America's debt and lease obligations, other than related party debt, on the date of acquisition. The merger is subject to approval by Virgin America's shareholders and various regulatory bodies, among other customary closing conditions. To date, the financial impacts of the pending acquisition have not been material, and future financial impacts are not yet estimable. The Company currently expects the acquisition will close no later than January 1, 2017.
NOTE 3. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Components for cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (in millions):

March 31, 2016 | Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Cash | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Cash equivalents | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 410 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 412 |
Foreign government bonds | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Asset-backed securities | 154 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 154 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 120 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 121 |
Corporate notes and bonds | 749 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 754 |
Municipal securities | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Marketable securities | 1,478 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 1,486 |
Total | $ | 1,556 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1,564 |

December 31, 2015 | Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Cash | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |
Cash equivalents | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 73 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 254 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 253 |
Foreign government bonds | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Asset-backed securities | 130 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 116 |
Corporate notes and bonds | 711 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 708 |
Municipal securities | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Marketable securities | 1,260 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 1,255 |
Total | $ | 1,333 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 1,328 |

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Unrealized losses from fixed-income securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. Management does not believe any remaining unrealized losses represent other-than-temporary impairments based on our evaluation of available evidence as of March 31, 2016.
Activity for marketable securities (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Proceeds from sales and maturities | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 259 |
Gross realized gains | — |  |  | 1 |
Gross realized losses | — |  |  | (1 | )

Maturities for marketable securities (in millions):

March 31, 2016 | Cost Basis |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 258 |  |  | $ | 258 |
Due after one year through five years | 1,218 |  |  | 1,226 |
Due after five years through 10 years | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Due after 10 years | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,478 |  |  | $ | 1,486 |

NOTE 4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
In determining fair value, there is a three-level hierarchy based on the reliability of the inputs used. Level 1 refers to fair values based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs and Level 3 refers to fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments on a Recurring Basis
Fair values of financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheet (in millions):

March 31, 2016 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 412 |
Foreign government bonds | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 154 |  |  | 154 |
Mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 121 |  |  | 121 |
Corporate notes and bonds | — |  |  | 754 |  |  | 754 |
Municipal securities | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Total Marketable securities | 412 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 1,486 |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |
Fuel hedge call options | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Total Assets | 412 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 1,494 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (22 | )
Total Liabilities | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (22 | )

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December 31, 2015 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 253 |
Foreign government bonds | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 31 |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 130 |  |  | 130 |
Mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |
Corporate notes and bonds | — |  |  | 708 |  |  | 708 |
Municipal securities | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Total Marketable securities | 253 |  |  | 1,002 |  |  | 1,255 |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |
Fuel hedge call options | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Total Assets | 253 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 1,259 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (18 | )
Total Liabilities | — |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (18 | )

The Company uses the market and income approach to determine the fair value of marketable securities. U.S. government securities are Level 1 as the fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets. Foreign government bonds, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, corporate notes and bonds, and municipal securities are Level 2 as the fair value is based on standard valuation models that are calculated based on observable inputs such as quoted interest rates, yield curves, credit ratings of the security and other observable market information.
The Company uses the market approach and the income approach to determine the fair value of derivative instruments. The fair value for fuel hedge call options is determined utilizing an option pricing model based on inputs that are readily available in active markets, or can be derived from information available in active markets. In addition, the fair value considers the exposure to credit losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties. Interest rate swap agreements are Level 2 as the fair value of these contracts is determined based on the difference between the fixed interest rate in the agreements and the observable LIBOR-based interest forward rates at period end, multiplied by the total notional value.
The Company has no financial assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2016.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The Company used the following methods and assumptions to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are not recognized at fair value as described below.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Debt: The carrying amount of the Company's variable-rate debt approximates fair values. For fixed-rate debt, the Company uses the income approach to determine the estimated fair value, by using discounted cash flows using borrowing rates for comparable debt over the weighted life of the outstanding debt. The estimated fair value of the fixed-rate debt is Level 3 as certain inputs used are unobservable.
Fixed-rate debt that is not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet and the estimated fair value of long-term fixed-rate debt (in millions) is as follows:

| March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Carrying amount | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 520 |
Fair value | 529 |  |  | 557 |

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NOTE 5. MILEAGE PLAN
Alaska's Mileage Plan liabilities and deferrals on the consolidated balance sheets (in millions):

| March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Other accrued liabilities | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 368 |
Other Liabilities and Credits: |  |  |
Deferred revenue | 464 |  |  | 427 |
Other liabilities | 19 |  |  | 19 |
Total | $ | 871 |  |  | $ | 814 |

Alaska's Mileage Plan revenue included in the consolidated statements of operations (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Passenger revenues | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 64 |
Other - net revenues | 103 |  |  | 76 |
Total | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 140 |

NOTE 6. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt obligations on the consolidated balance sheet (in millions):

| March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Fixed-rate notes payable due through 2024 | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 520 |
Variable-rate notes payable due through 2025 | 159 |  |  | 166 |
Less debt issuance costs | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total debt | 647 |  |  | 683 |
Less current portion | 116 |  |  | 114 |
Long-term debt, less current portion | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 569 |
Weighted-average fixed-interest rate | 5.7 | % |  | 5.7 | %
Weighted-average variable-interest rate | 2.1 | % |  | 1.8 | %

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company made debt payments of $36 million. As discussed in Note 1, the Company adopted ASU 2015-03 which resulted in a reclassification of debt issuance costs as an offset to debt in the consolidated balance sheet.
At March 31, 2016, long-term debt principal payments for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in millions):

| Total
Remainder of 2016 | $ | 79 |
2017 | 121 |
2018 | 151 |
2019 | 114 |
2020 | 116 |
Thereafter | 69 |
Total | $ | 650 |

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Bank Lines of Credit
The Company has two $100 million credit facilities and one $52 million credit facility. All three facilities have variable interest rates based on LIBOR plus a specified margin. One of the $100 million facilities, which expires in September 2017, is secured by aircraft. The other $100 million facility, which expires in March 2017, is secured by certain accounts receivable, spare engines, spare parts and ground service equipment. The $52 million facility expires in October 2016 with a mechanism for annual renewal and is secured by two 737-800 aircraft. The Company has no immediate plans to borrow using any of these facilities. All three credit facilities have a requirement to maintain a minimum unrestricted cash and marketable securities balance of $500 million. The Company is in compliance with this covenant at March 31, 2016.
NOTE 7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Net periodic benefit costs recognized included the following components for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| Qualified
| 2016 |  | 2015
Service cost | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Interest cost | 18 |  |  | 21 |
Expected return on assets | (27 | ) |  | (31 | )
Recognized actuarial loss (gain) | 6 |  |  | 7 |
Total | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7 |

NOTE 8. COMMITMENTS
Future minimum fixed payments for commitments (in millions):

March 31, 2016 | Aircraft Leases |  | Facility Leases |  | Aircraft Purchase Commitments |  | Capacity Purchase Agreements (a)
Remainder of 2016 | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | 53 |
2017 | 104 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 516 |  |  | 90 |
2018 | 98 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 94 |
2019 | 90 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 99 |
2020 | 81 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 106 |
Thereafter | 467 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 858 |
Total | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | 2,483 |  |  | $ | 1,300 |

(a) Includes all non-aircraft lease costs associated with CPA arrangements.
Lease Commitments
At March 31, 2016, the Company had lease contracts for 27 B737 aircraft, 15 Q400 aircraft, 6 CRJ-700 aircraft (operated under the CPA with SkyWest) and 8 CRJ-700 aircraft that are subleased and operated by another carrier (i.e., not in the Company's fleet). The Company has 23 E175 lease commitments under the CPA with SkyWest, 7 of which are included in the fleet as of March 31, 2016. All lease contracts have remaining noncancelable lease terms ranging from 2016 to 2029. The Company has the option to increase capacity flown by SkyWest with eight additional E175 aircraft with 2017 and 2018 delivery dates.
The majority of airport and terminal facilities are also leased. Rent expense for aircraft and facility leases was $81 million and $73 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Aircraft Purchase Commitments
As of March 31, 2016, the Company is committed to purchasing 62 B737 aircraft (25 737-900ER aircraft and 37 737 MAX aircraft) and two Q400 aircraft, with deliveries in 2016 through 2022. As of March 31, 2016 we do not intend to take delivery
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of the two Q400 aircraft that are currently contracted. In addition, the Company has options to purchase 46 B737 aircraft and five Q400 aircraft, which are not reflected in the commitments table above.
Subsequent to March 31, 2016, the Company placed an order for 30 Embraer E175 regional jets with options to purchase an additional 33. The above table does not reflect this purchase. See Note 11 for additional information.
Capacity Purchase Agreements (CPAs)
At March 31, 2016, Alaska had CPAs with three carriers, including the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Horizon. Horizon sells 100% of its capacity under a CPA with Alaska. In addition, Alaska has CPAs with SkyWest to fly certain routes and PenAir to fly certain routes in the state of Alaska. Under these agreements, Alaska pays the carriers an amount which is based on a determination of their cost of operating those flights and other factors intended to approximate market rates for those services. Future payments (excluding Horizon) are based on minimum levels of flying by the third-party carriers, which could differ materially due to variable payments based on actual levels of flying and certain costs associated with operating flights such as fuel.
Contingencies
The Company is a party to routine litigation matters incidental to its business and with respect to which no material liability is expected. Management believes the ultimate disposition of these matters is not likely to materially affect the Company's financial position or results of operations. This forward-looking statement is based on management's current understanding of the relevant law and facts, and it is subject to various contingencies, including the potential costs and risks associated with litigation and the actions of arbitrators, judges and juries.
NOTE 9. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Dividends
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company declared and paid cash dividends of $0.275 per share, or $34 million.
Common Stock Repurchase
In May 2014, the Board of Directors authorized a $650 million share repurchase program, which was completed in October 2015. In August 2015, the Board of Directors authorized a $1 billion share repurchase program.
Share repurchase activity (in millions, except share amounts):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
2015 Repurchase Program - $1 billion | 1,721,413 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
2014 Repurchase Program - $650 million | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1,580,747 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Total | 1,721,413 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | 1,580,747 |  |  | $ | 102 |

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (in millions):

| March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Marketable securities | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (3 | )
Employee benefit plans | (285 | ) |  | (288 | )
Interest rate derivatives | (14 | ) |  | (12 | )
Total | $ | (294 | ) |  | $ | (303 | )

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Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income by the average number of common shares outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding assuming the exercise of in-the-money stock options and restricted stock units, using the treasury-stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of EPS were not material.
NOTE 10. OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION
Air Group has two operating airlines - Alaska Airlines and Horizon Air. Each is a regulated airline with separate management teams. To manage the two operating airlines and the revenues and expenses associated with the CPAs, management views the business in three operating segments:
Alaska Mainline - The Boeing 737 part of Alaska's business.
Alaska Regional - Alaska's shorter distance network. In this segment, Alaska Regional records actual on board passenger revenue, less costs such as fuel, distribution costs, and payments made to Horizon, SkyWest and PenAir under CPAs. Additionally, Alaska Regional includes a small allocation of corporate overhead such as IT, finance and other administrative costs incurred by Alaska and on behalf of the regional operations.
Horizon - Horizon operates regional aircraft. All of Horizon's capacity is sold to Alaska under a CPA. Expenses include those typically borne by regional airlines such as crew costs, ownership costs, station handling costs, and maintenance costs.
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Additionally, the following table reports “Air Group adjusted,” which is not a measure determined in accordance with GAAP. The Company's chief operating decision-makers and others in management use this measure to evaluate operational performance and determine resource allocations. Adjustments are further explained below in a reconciliation to consolidated GAAP results.
Operating segment information is as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
| Alaska |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mainline |  | Regional |  | Horizon |  | Consolidating |  | Air Group Adjusted(a) |  | Special Items(b) |  | Consolidated
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passenger |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainline | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 927 |
Regional | — |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | 206 |
Total passenger revenues | 927 |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,133 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,133 |
CPA revenues | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Freight and mail | 23 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Other - net | 172 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 190 |  |  | — |  |  | 190 |
Total operating revenues | 1,122 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 104 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | 1,347 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,347 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses, excluding fuel | 701 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (102 | ) |  | 890 |  |  | — |  |  | 890 |
Economic fuel | 144 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 169 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 167 |
Total operating expenses | 845 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (102 | ) |  | 1,059 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 1,057 |
Nonoperating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Interest expense | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | )
Other | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
| 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Income (loss) before income tax | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 292 |

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| Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
| Alaska |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mainline |  | Regional |  | Horizon |  | Consolidating |  | Air Group Adjusted(a) |  | Special Items(b) |  | Consolidated
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passenger |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mainline | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 901 |
Regional | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |
Total passenger revenues | 901 |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,087 |
CPA revenues | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Freight and mail | 22 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Other - net | 142 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 159 |  |  | — |  |  | 159 |
Total operating revenues | 1,065 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 100 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | 1,269 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,269 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses, excluding fuel | 639 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 91 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | 796 |  |  | — |  |  | 796 |
Economic fuel | 203 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |
Total operating expenses | 842 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 91 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | 1,031 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,031 |
Nonoperating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Interest expense | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | )
Other | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
| 5 |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Income (loss) before income tax | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 240 |

(a) | The adjusted column represents the financial information that is reviewed by management to assess performance of operations and determine capital allocations and does not include certain income and charges.

(b) | Includes mark-to-market fuel-hedge accounting charges.

Total assets were as follows (in millions):

| March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Alaska(a) | $ | 8,630 |  |  | $ | 8,127 |
Horizon | 717 |  |  | 717 |
Parent company | 4,929 |  |  | 4,734 |
Elimination of inter-company accounts | (7,447 | ) |  | (7,048 | )
Consolidated | $ | 6,829 |  |  | $ | 6,530 |

(a) | There are no assets associated with capacity purchase flying at Alaska.

NOTE 11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
See discussion of the pending acquisition of Virgin America at Note 2.
On April 11, 2016 Horizon placed an order for 30 Embraer E 175 regional aircraft (E175s), with the option to purchase an additional 33. The E175s will be flown by Horizon exclusively for Alaska beginning in 2017. An estimate of the future financial impacts related to the purchase agreement is included in our forward looking capital expenditures table within Item 2, MD&A.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand the Company, our segment operations and our present business environment. MD&A is provided as a supplement to – and should be read in conjunction with – our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. All statements in the following discussion that are not statements of historical information or descriptions of current accounting policy are forward-looking statements. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks referred to in this report’s introductory cautionary note, the risks mentioned in Item 1A. "Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and Item 1A "Risk Factors" included herein. This overview summarizes the MD&A, which includes the following sections:

• | First Quarter Review—highlights from the first quarter of 2016 outlining some of the major events that happened during the period and how they affected our financial performance.

• | Results of Operations—an in-depth analysis of our revenues by segment and our expenses from a consolidated perspective for the three months ended March 31, 2016. To the extent material to the understanding of segment profitability, we more fully describe the segment expenses per financial statement line item. Financial and statistical data is also included here. This section includes forward-looking statements regarding our view of the remainder of 2016.

• | Liquidity and Capital Resources—an overview of our financial position, analysis of cash flows, and relevant contractual obligations and commitments.

FIRST QUARTER REVIEW
Our consolidated pretax income was $292 million during the first quarter of 2016, compared to $240 million in the first quarter of 2015. The increase of $52 million was mainly due to increased revenues of $78 million and lower aircraft fuel expense by $68 million, partially offset by an increase in non-fuel expenses of $94 million.
See “Results of Operations” below for further discussion of changes in revenues and operating expenses and our reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Operations Performance
During the first quarter, both Alaska and Horizon continued their strong on-time performance, reporting that 87.5% and 87.9% of their flights arrived on time, respectively. For the twelve months ended February 2016, Alaska maintained its ranking as the top carrier among the six largest U.S. airlines for on-time performance, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation.
New Markets
New routes launched and announced are as follows:

New Non-Stop Routes Launched in Q1 | New Non-Stop Routes Announced (Launch Dates)
Reno, Nevada to Orange County, California | San Diego, California to San Jose, California (6/8/16)
Orange County, California to Santa Rosa, California | Orange County, California to San Jose, California (6/8/16)
| Bellingham, Washington to Kona, Hawaii (11/12/16)

Shareholder Return
During the first quarter of 2016, we paid cash dividends of $34 million and we repurchased 1.7 million shares of our common stock for $127 million under the $1 billion repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors in August 2015. Since 2007, we have repurchased 58 million shares of common stock under such programs for $1.5 billion for an average price of $25.14 per share. During the month of April, we repurchased 682 thousand shares of our common stock for $53 million, resulting in 123.3 million shares outstanding at April 30, 2016. Prior to the announcement of our pending acquisition of Virgin
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America, we had planned to return a greater amount to shareholders in 2016 through dividends and stock repurchases than we did in 2015. Given the pending acquisition, we now expect to return approximately $325 million to shareholders in 2016, reflecting a reduction in the number of shares we had previously expected to repurchase under our $1 billion share repurchase program.
Outlook
On April 4, 2016, we announced plans to acquire Virgin America. If approved by Virgin America shareholders and regulators, we believe the combination of Virgin America and Alaska will create the premier airline for travelers on the West Coast, offering a premium product to our customers at the low fares both airlines are known for. The combined airline will provide 1,200 daily departures to our customers, greatly expanding the flight offerings to current Alaska and Virgin America customers, creating increased utility in the the combined network. We will also gain additional access to hard to come by landing slots and constrained gates at destinations such as New York (JFK), Newark, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. We believe that combining our loyalty programs and networks will provide greater benefits for our West Coast customers, and will expand our partner portfolio giving our customers an expansive global reach. The larger platform for growth, and the synergies the combined airline is expected to generate, will allow us to create greater value for our stakeholders. We have agreed to pay $57 per share, or approximately $2.6 billion, in cash for the outstanding common stock of Virgin America. We currently expect the acquisition will close by January 1, 2017, which would significantly impact our financial position and results.
We expect our own organic growth to continue in 2016, adding approximately 8% system-wide capacity in the current year. Over the past few years, we have seen competitive capacity increase significantly in our markets, especially in our hometown of Seattle. We expect to see even more competitive capacity in 2016. Current schedules indicate competitive capacity will be 14% higher in both the second and third quarters of 2016.
Our current expectations for capacity and CASM excluding fuel and special items, and excluding the impact of the pending acquisition of Virgin America, are summarized below:

| Forecast Q2 2016 |  | Change Y-O-Y |  | Forecast Full Year 2016 |  | Change Y-O-Y
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASMs (000,000) "capacity" | 11,000 - 11,050 |  | ~ 11% |  | 43,100 - 43,200 |  | ~ 8%
CASM excluding fuel (cents) | 8.00¢ - 8.05¢ |  | ~ (1)% |  | 8.25¢ - 8.30¢ |  | ~ (0.5)%
Mainline: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASMs (000,000) "capacity" | 9,825 - 9,875 |  | ~ 9.5% |  | 38,250 - 38,350 |  | ~ 6.5%
CASM excluding fuel (cents) | 7.05¢ - 7.10¢ |  | ~ (1.5)% |  | 7.35¢ - 7.40¢ |  | ~ (0.5)%

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMPARISON OF THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2016 COMPARED TO THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2015
Our consolidated net income for the first quarter of 2016 was $184 million, or $1.46 per diluted share, compared to net income of $149 million, or $1.12 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2015.
ADJUSTED (NON-GAAP) RESULTS AND PER-SHARE AMOUNTS
We believe disclosure of earnings, excluding the impact of mark-to-market gains or losses or other individual revenues or expenses, is useful information to investors because:

• | By eliminating fuel expense and certain special items from our unit metrics, we believe that we have better visibility into the results of operations and our non-fuel cost-reduction initiatives. Our industry is highly competitive and is characterized by high fixed costs, so even a small reduction in non-fuel operating costs can result in a significant improvement in operating results. In addition, we believe that all domestic carriers are similarly impacted by changes in jet fuel costs over the long run, so it is important for management (and thus investors) to understand the impact of (and trends in) company-specific cost drivers such as labor rates and productivity, airport costs, maintenance costs, etc., which are more controllable by management.

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• | Cost per ASM (CASM) excluding fuel and certain special items is one of the most important measures used by management and by the Air Group Board of Directors in assessing quarterly and annual cost performance.

• | Adjusted income before income tax and CASM excluding fuel (and other items as specified in our plan documents) are important metrics for the employee incentive plan that covers all Alaska and Horizon employees.

• | CASM excluding fuel and certain special items is a measure commonly used by industry analysts, and we believe it is the basis by which they compare our airlines to others in the industry. The measure is also the subject of frequent questions from investors.

• | Disclosure of the individual impact of certain noted items provides investors the ability to measure and monitor performance both with and without these special items. We believe that disclosing the impact of certain items, such as mark-to-market hedging adjustments, is important because it provides information on significant items that are not necessarily indicative of future performance. Industry analysts and investors consistently measure our performance without these items for better comparability between periods and among other airlines.

• | Although we disclose our passenger unit revenues, we do not (nor are we able to) evaluate unit revenues excluding the impact that changes in fuel costs have had on ticket prices. Fuel expense represents a large percentage of our total operating expenses. Fluctuations in fuel prices often drive changes in unit revenues in the mid-to-long term. Although we believe it is useful to evaluate non-fuel unit costs for the reasons noted above, we would caution readers of these financial statements not to place undue reliance on unit costs excluding fuel as a measure or predictor of future profitability because of the significant impact of fuel costs on our business.

Although we are presenting these non-GAAP amounts for the reasons above, investors and other readers should not necessarily conclude these amounts are non-recurring, infrequent, or unusual in nature.
Excluding the impact of mark-to-market fuel hedge adjustments, our adjusted consolidated net income for the first quarter of 2016 was $183 million, or $1.45 per diluted share, compared to an adjusted consolidated net income of $149 million, or $1.12 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2015.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
(in millions, except per share amounts) | Dollars |  | Diluted EPS |  | Dollars |  | Diluted EPS
Net income and diluted EPS as reported | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |
Mark-to-market fuel hedge adjustments, net of tax | (1 | ) |  | (0.01 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP adjusted income and per-share amounts | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |

Our operating costs per ASM are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in cents) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | % Change
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |
CASM |  | 10.11 | ¢ |  |  | 11.14 | ¢ |  | (9.2 | )%
Less the following components: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft fuel, including hedging gains and losses | 1.60 |  |  | 2.53 |  |  | (36.8 | )%
CASM excluding fuel |  | 8.51 | ¢ |  |  | 8.61 | ¢ |  | (1.2 | )%
Mainline: |  |  |  |  |
CASM |  | 9.01 | ¢ |  |  | 10.09 | ¢ |  | (10.7 | )%
Less the following components: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aircraft fuel, including hedging gains and losses | 1.52 |  |  | 2.43 |  |  | (37.4 | )%
CASM excluding fuel |  | 7.49 | ¢ |  |  | 7.66 | ¢ |  | (2.2 | )%

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OPERATING STATISTICS SUMMARY (unaudited)
Below are operating statistics we use to measure operating performance. We often refer to unit revenues and adjusted unit costs, which are non-GAAP measures.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | Change
Consolidated Operating Statistics:(a) |  |  |  |  |
Revenue passengers (000) | 7,835 |  | 7,316 |  | 7.1%
Revenue passenger miles (RPM) (000,000) "traffic" | 8,571 |  | 7,723 |  | 11.0%
Available seat miles (ASM) (000,000) "capacity" | 10,453 |  | 9,257 |  | 12.9%
Load factor | 82.0% |  | 83.4% |  | (1.4) pts
Yield | 13.22¢ |  | 14.08¢ |  | (6.1)%
Passenger revenue per ASM (PRASM) | 10.84¢ |  | 11.74¢ |  | (7.7)%
Revenue per ASM (RASM) | 12.88¢ |  | 13.71¢ |  | (6.1)%
Operating expense per ASM (CASM) excluding fuel(b) | 8.51¢ |  | 8.61¢ |  | (1.2)%
Economic fuel cost per gallon(b) | $1.29 |  | $1.98 |  | (34.8)%
Fuel gallons (000,000) | 132 |  | 119 |  | 10.9%
ASMs per fuel gallon | 79.2 |  | 77.8 |  | 1.8%
Average full-time equivalent employees (FTEs) | 14,357 |  | 13,274 |  | 8.2%
Mainline Operating Statistics: |  |  |  |  |
Revenue passengers (000) | 5,642 |  | 5,236 |  | 7.8%
RPMs (000,000) "traffic" | 7,716 |  | 6,994 |  | 10.3%
ASMs (000,000) "capacity" | 9,354 |  | 8,347 |  | 12.1%
Load factor | 82.5% |  | 83.8% |  | (1.3) pts
Yield | 12.01¢ |  | 12.88¢ |  | (6.8)%
PRASM | 9.91¢ |  | 10.79¢ |  | (8.2)%
RASM | 11.99¢ |  | 12.75¢ |  | (6.0)%
CASM excluding fuel(b) | 7.49¢ |  | 7.66¢ |  | (2.2)%
Economic fuel cost per gallon(b) | $1.28 |  | $1.97 |  | (35.0)%
Fuel gallons (000,000) | 113 |  | 103 |  | 9.7%
ASMs per fuel gallon | 82.8 |  | 81.0 |  | 2.2%
Average FTEs | 11,123 |  | 10,380 |  | 7.2%
Aircraft utilization | 10.6 |  | 10.6 |  | —%
Average aircraft stage length | 1,237 |  | 1,199 |  | 3.2%
Operating fleet | 152 |  | 137 |  | 15 a/c
Regional Operating Statistics:(c) |  |  |  |  |
Revenue passengers (000) | 2,192 |  | 2,080 |  | 5.4%
RPMs (000,000) "traffic" | 855 |  | 728 |  | 17.4%
ASMs (000,000) "capacity" | 1,100 |  | 910 |  | 20.9%
Load factor | 77.7% |  | 80.0% |  | (2.3 pts)
Yield | 24.09¢ |  | 25.58¢ |  | (5.8)%
PRASM | 18.72¢ |  | 20.46¢ |  | (8.5)%
Operating fleet | 67 |  | 60 |  | 7 a/c

(a) | Except for FTEs, data includes information related to third-party regional capacity purchase flying arrangements.

(b) | See reconciliation of operating expenses excluding fuel, a reconciliation of economic fuel costs in the accompanying pages.

(c) | Data presented includes information related to flights operated by Horizon and third-party carriers.

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Glossary of Terms
Aircraft Utilization - block hours per day; this represents the average number of hours our aircraft are flying
Aircraft Stage Length - represents the average miles flown per aircraft departure
ASMs - available seat miles, or “capacity”; represents total seats available across the fleet multiplied by the number of miles flown
CASM - operating costs per ASM, or "unit cost"; represents all operating expenses including fuel and special items
CASMex - operating costs excluding fuel and special items per ASM; this metric is used to help track progress toward reduction of non-fuel operating costs since fuel is largely out of our control
Debt-to-capitalization ratio - represents adjusted debt (long-term debt plus the present value of future operating lease payments) divided by total equity plus adjusted debt
Economic Fuel - best estimate of the cash cost of fuel, net of the impact of our fuel-hedging program
Free Cash Flow - total operating cash flow generated less cash paid for capital expenditures (shown as Total property and equipment additions on the statement of cash flows).
Load Factor - RPMs as a percentage of ASMs; represents the number of available seats that were filled with paying passengers
Mainline - represents flying Boeing 737 jets and all associated revenues and costs
PRASM - passenger revenue per ASM; commonly called “passenger unit revenue”
Productivity - number of revenue passengers per full-time equivalent employee
RASM - operating revenue per ASMs, or "unit revenue"; operating revenue includes all passenger revenue, freight & mail, Mileage Plan, and other ancillary revenue; represents the average total revenue for flying one seat one mile
Regional - represents capacity purchased by Alaska from Horizon, SkyWest, and PenAir. In this segment, Alaska Regional records actual on-board passenger revenue, less costs such as fuel, distribution costs, and payments made to Horizon, SkyWest and PenAir under the respective capacity purchased arrangement (CPAs). Additionally, Alaska Regional includes an allocation of corporate overhead such as IT, finance, other administrative costs incurred by Alaska and on behalf of Horizon.
RPMs - revenue passenger miles, or "traffic"; represents the number of seats that were filled with paying passengers; one passenger traveling one mile is one RPM
Yield - passenger revenue per RPM; represents the average revenue for flying one passenger one mile
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OPERATING REVENUES
Total operating revenues increased $78 million, or 6%, during the first quarter of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The changes are summarized in the following table:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | % Change
Passenger |  |  |  |  |
Mainline | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 901 |  |  | 3 | %
Regional | 206 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 11 | %
Total passenger revenue | 1,133 |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | 4 | %
Freight and mail | 24 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 4 | %
Other - net | 190 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 19 | %
Total operating revenues | $ | 1,347 |  |  | $ | 1,269 |  |  | 6 | %

Passenger Revenue – Mainline
Mainline passenger revenue for the first quarter of 2016 increased by 3% due to a 12.1% increase in capacity, largely offset by a decrease of 8.2% in PRASM compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase in capacity was driven primarily by new routes and larger aircraft added to our fleet since the first quarter of 2015. The decrease in PRASM was driven by a 6.8% decline in ticket yield and a 1.3-point reduction in load factor compared to the prior-year quarter. The decrease in ticket yield was primarily due to increased competitive capacity in the markets we serve, and our own growth. Furthermore, the significant decline in fuel prices has contributed to lower ticket prices. The decline in load factor was also a result of increased capacity.
Passenger Revenue – Regional
Regional passenger revenue increase d 11% compared to the first quarter of 2015 due to a 20.9% increase in capacity, partially offset by a 8.5% decrease in PRASM. The increase in capacity is due to an increase in departures, and average aircraft stage length as well as the annualization of new routes introduced over the past twelve months. The decrease in PRASM is due to a 5.8% decline in ticket yield, as well as a decrease in load factor of 2.3 points. The decrease in yield is due to an increase in competitive capacity in our regional markets and our own growth as we strengthen our network utility in the Pacific Northwest.
Other – Net
Other - net revenue increased $31 million, or 19%, from the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to increases in Mileage Plan revenue. Mileage Plan revenue increased $27 million, or 36%, due to increased miles sold and higher rates paid by our affinity credit card partner beginning January 1, 2016 as a result of a contract extension.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Total operating expenses increased $26 million, or 3%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. We believe it is useful to summarize operating expenses as follows, which is consistent with the way expenses are reported internally and evaluated by management:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | % Change
Fuel expense | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | (29 | )%
Non-fuel expenses | 890 |  |  | 796 |  |  | 12 | %
Total Operating Expenses | $ | 1,057 |  |  | $ | 1,031 |  |  | 3 | %

Significant operating expense variances from 2015 are more fully described below.
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Wages and Benefits
Wages and benefits increased during the first quarter of 2016 by $30 million. The primary components of wages and benefits are shown in the following table:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | % Change
Wages | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | 9 | %
Pension - Defined benefit plans | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (14 | )%
Defined contribution plans | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 7 | %
Medical and other benefits | 44 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 16 | %
Payroll taxes | 19 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 19 | %
Total wages and benefits | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | 10 | %

Wages increased 9% with a 8.2% increase in FTEs. The increase in wages is primarily attributable to increased FTEs to support the growth in our business. In addition, we recognized pilot and flight attendant bonuses of approximately $3 million and severance costs of approximately $4 million at Horizon related to organizational restructuring.
Medical and other benefits increased 16% compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase is primarily due to an increase in medical claims with growth in the number of employees and increasing medical costs.
Variable Incentive Pay
Variable incentive pay expense increased $6 million, or 23%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase is attributable in part to a 8.2% increase in FTEs coupled with a higher wage base. Additionally, we amended the participation rates of our Performance Based Pay incentive plan in the current year to increase the potential bonus earned by the vast majority of our supervisors and managers.
Aircraft Fuel
Aircraft fuel expense includes both raw fuel expense (as defined below) plus the effect of mark-to-market adjustments to our fuel hedge portfolio included in our consolidated statement of operations as the value of that portfolio increases and decreases. Our aircraft fuel expense can be volatile, because it includes these gains or losses in the value of the underlying instrument as crude oil prices and refining margins increase or decrease. Raw fuel expense is defined as the price that we generally pay at the airport, or the “into-plane” price, including taxes and fees. Raw fuel prices are impacted by world oil prices and refining costs, which can vary by region in the U.S. Raw fuel expense approximates cash paid to suppliers and does not reflect the effect of our fuel hedges.
Aircraft fuel expense decreased $68 million, or 29% compared to 2015. The elements of the change are illustrated in the following table:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
(in millions, except for per gallon amounts) | Dollars |  | Cost/Gal |  | Dollars |  | Cost/Gal
Raw or "into-plane" fuel cost | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 1.93 |
Losses on settled hedges | 4 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 0.05 |
Consolidated economic fuel expense | 169 |  |  | 1.29 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 1.98 |
Mark-to-market fuel hedge adjustments | (2 | ) |  | (0.02 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
GAAP fuel expense | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 1.98 |
Fuel gallons | 132 |  |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |

Fuel expense was lower than in the first quarter of 2015 as the raw fuel price per gallon decreased 35% on an 11% increase in fuel gallons. West Coast jet fuel prices are impacted by both the price of crude oil, as well as refining margins associated with the conversion of crude oil to jet fuel. The decrease in raw fuel price per gallon during the first quarter of 2016 was due to lower crude oil prices of 31% and a decrease in refining margins of 45%, when compared to the prior year.
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We also evaluate economic fuel expense, which we define as raw fuel expense adjusted for the cash we receive from, or pay to, hedge counterparties for hedges that settle during the period, and for the premium expense that we paid for those contracts. A key difference between aircraft fuel expense and economic fuel expense is the timing of gain or loss recognition on our hedge portfolio. When we refer to economic fuel expense, we include gains and losses only when they are realized for those contracts that were settled during the period based on their original contract terms. We believe this is the best measure of the effect that fuel prices are currently having on our business because it most closely approximates the net cash outflow associated with purchasing fuel for our operations. Accordingly, many industry analysts evaluate our results using this measure, and it is the basis for most internal management reporting and incentive pay plans.
We recognized losses of $4 million for hedges that settled during the first quarter of 2016, compared to losses of $6 million in the first quarter of 2015. These amounts represent the net cash paid including the premium expense recognized for those hedges.
Aircraft Maintenance
Aircraft maintenance expense increased by $5 million, or 8%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. Maintenance costs increased due to heavier airframe checks, and landing gear repairs made during the first quarter of 2016.
Contracted Services
Contracted services expense increased $8 million, or 15%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase is primarily due increased flying at stations where we use vendors to assist us when compared to the first quarter of 2015. Additionally, higher minimum wage rates at stations where we use vendors to assist us with passenger and ramp handling have contributed to the increase in contracted services expense in the first quarter of 2016.
Selling Expenses
Selling expenses decreased $4 million, or 8%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease is due in large part to the timing of advertisements and promotions related to our brand refresh.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $12 million, or 16%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase is due to 17 additional aircraft in the fleet and capitalization of non-aircraft assets.
Food and Beverage Expense
Food and beverage expense increased $6 million, or 24%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase is due to the increased number of passengers, and upgrades to our onboard menu, offering higher quality food and beverage products.
Third-party regional carrier expense
Third-party regional carrier expense, which represents payments made to SkyWest and PenAir under our CPA agreements, increased $8 million, or 53%, compared to the prior year. The increase is primarily due to more flying by SkyWest in the current quarter when compared to the prior year related to the addition of seven E175 aircraft to our regional operations since the first quarter of 2015.
Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses increased $11 million, or 13%, compared to the first quarter of 2015. The increase is primarily due to a loss recognized on the sale of spare parts, personnel costs for our flight crews, IT-related costs, and legal and consulting fees related to the pending acquisition of Virgin America.
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Operating Expenses Compared to Capacity Growth
We are presenting our line-item expenses below both in absolute dollars and on an ASM basis to highlight areas in which costs have increased or decreased either more or less than capacity.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | Change
(in millions, except CASM) | Amount |  | Amount |  | CASM |  | CASM |  | CASM
Wages and benefits | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  |  | 3.21 | ¢ |  |  | 3.31 | ¢ |  | (3 | )%
Variable incentive pay | 32 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 0.31 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 11 | %
Aircraft maintenance | 68 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 0.65 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | (4 | )%
Aircraft rent | 29 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | — | %
Landing fees and other rentals | 80 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 0.77 |  |  | 0.77 |  |  | — | %
Contracted services | 60 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 0.57 |  |  | 0.56 |  |  | 2 | %
Selling expenses | 49 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 0.47 |  |  | 0.57 |  |  | (18 | )%
Depreciation and amortization | 88 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 0.83 |  |  | 0.83 |  |  | — | %
Food and beverage service | 31 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 11 | %
Third-party regional carrier expense | 23 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 0.22 |  |  | 0.16 |  |  | 38 | %
Other | 94 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 0.90 |  |  | 0.90 |  |  | — | %
Non-fuel Expenses | $ | 890 |  |  | $ | 796 |  |  |  | 8.51 | ¢ |  |  | 8.61 | ¢ |  | (1 | )%

Additional Segment Information
Refer to the Notes of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed description of each segment. Below is a summary of each segment's profitability.
Alaska Mainline
Pretax profit for Alaska Mainline was $278 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $228 million in the first quarter of 2015. Mainline passenger revenue increased $26 million which is described above. Mainline operating expense excluding fuel increased by $62 million to $701 million in 2016 due to higher wages to support our growth, higher ramp and passenger handling associated with increased flying and higher wage rates at stations where we use vendors to assist us, higher depreciation related to our fleet growth, and increased costs associated with landing fees and other rents due to our network expansion. Economic fuel cost decreased due to lower raw fuel costs, partially offset by a 9.7% increase in consumption.
Alaska Regional
Pretax profit for Alaska Regional was $13 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $7 million the first quarter of 2015. The $20 million increase in Alaska Regional passenger revenue is described above. The increase in revenue and the decline in fuel costs were partially offset by higher expenses to support additional departures.
Horizon
Pretax loss for Horizon was $2 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to a pretax profit of $6 million in the first quarter of 2015. CPA Revenues (100% of which are from Alaska and eliminated in consolidation) increased. The $14 million increase in Horizon's non-fuel operating expenses was largely driven by signing bonuses and overhead restructuring costs as well as increased volume of engine overhaul and heavy airframe work.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our primary sources of liquidity are:

• | Our existing cash and marketable securities balance of $1.6 billion, and our expected cash from operations;

• | Our 95 unencumbered aircraft in our operating fleet that could be financed, if necessary;

• | Our combined $252 million bank line-of-credit facilities, with no outstanding borrowings.

During the first three months of 2016, we took free and clear delivery of 6 B737-900ER aircraft. We made debt payments totaling $36 million. In addition, we continued to return capital to our shareholders by repurchasing $127 million of our common stock in the first quarter of 2016, and paid dividends totaling $34 million. Because of our strong balance sheet and financial performance, we are one of only three airlines in the U.S. with an investment grade credit rating.
We intend to fund the pending acquisition of Virgin America with cash on hand and secured debt financing. We are still evaluating the impact of the pending merger on the financial statements.
In our cash and marketable securities portfolio, we invest only in securities that meet our overall investment policy of maintaining and securing investment principal. Our investment portfolio is managed by reputable firms that adhere to our investment policy that sets forth certain objectives, approved and prohibited investments, and duration and credit quality guidelines. Our policy and the portfolio managers are continually reviewed to ensure that the investments align with our strategy.
The table below presents the major indicators of financial condition and liquidity:

(in millions, except per share and debt-to-capital amounts) | March 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015 |  | Change
Cash and marketable securities | $ | 1,564 |  |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | 17.8 | %
Cash, marketable securities, and unused lines of credit as a percentage of trailing twelve months revenue | 32 | % |  | 28 | % |  | 4 pts |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  | (6.7 | )%
Shareholders’ equity | $ | 2,455 |  |  | $ | 2,411 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Long-term debt-to-capital including net present value of aircraft operating lease payments(a) | 26%:74% |  |  | 27%:73% |  |  | (1) pts |

(a) | Calculated using the present value of remaining aircraft lease payments for aircraft in our operating fleet as of the end of the period.

The following discussion summarizes the primary drivers of the increase in our cash and marketable securities balance and our expectation of future cash requirements.
ANALYSIS OF OUR CASH FLOWS
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
For the first three months of 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $525 million, compared to $514 million during the same period in 2015. Improved operating results, primarily driven from lower jet fuel costs, contributed to the $11 million increase in operating cash flow.
We typically generate positive cash flows from operations and expect to use that cash flow to buy aircraft and capital equipment, make normal debt payments, and to return capital to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $336 million during the first three months of 2016, compared to $421 million during the same period of 2015. Our capital expenditures were $119 million in the first three months of 2016, a decrease of $160 million compared to the first quarter of 2015. The decrease in cash used for capital expenditures in the current quarter is due to fewer pre-delivery deposits on aircraft made in the current period when compared to the prior year.
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The table below reflects our full-year expectation for capital expenditures and additional expenditures if options are exercised. The amounts below include expenditures associated with the E175 purchase agreement entered into subsequent to March 31, 2016 and discussed in Note 11. Options will be exercised only if we believe return on invested capital targets can be met. The table below excludes any associated capitalized interest.

(in millions) | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019
Aircraft and aircraft purchase deposits - firm | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 745 |  |  | $ | 660 |  |  | $ | 585 |
Other flight equipment | 55 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 55 |
Other property and equipment | 145 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 110 |
Total property and equipment additions | $ | 685 |  |  | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 750 |
Option aircraft and aircraft deposits, if exercised(a) | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 675 |

(a) | Alaska has options to acquire 46 B737 aircraft with deliveries from 2018 through 2024. Horizon has options for 33 E175 aircraft with deliveries from 2019 to 2021. Horizon also has options to acquire five Q400 aircraft with deliveries from 2018 through 2019 which we currently do not expect to exercise and related deposits are excluded from the table above.

Cash Used by Financing Activities
Net cash used by financing activities was $184 million during the first three months of 2016 compared to $149 million during the same period in 2015. During the first three months of 2016 we made debt payments of $36 million, stock repurchases of $127 million, and dividend payments totaling $34 million.
Bank Line-of-Credit Facilities
We have two $100 million credit facilities and a $52 million credit facility. Information about these facilities can be found in Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. We have no immediate plans to borrow using any of these facilities.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
Aircraft Purchase Commitments
As of March 31, 2016, we have firm orders to purchase 62 737 aircraft and 2 Q400 aircraft. As of March 31, 2016, we do not intend to take delivery of two Q400 aircraft that are currently contracted. We also have options to acquire 46 B737 aircraft with deliveries from 2018 through 2024 and have options to acquire five Q400 aircraft with deliveries from 2018 through 2019. In addition, as of March 31, 2016 we have options to add regional capacity by having SkyWest operate up to 8 more E175 aircraft.
Subsequent to March 31, 2016 Horizon placed a firm order for 30 Embraer E175 aircraft with deliveries from 2017 to 2019. Additionally, we have options to acquire 33 E175 aircraft with deliveries from 2019 to 2021. See discussion of this subsequent event in Note 11.
The following table summarizes expected fleet activity by year, and reflects the purchase agreement signed subsequent to March 31, 2016:

| Actual Fleet |  | Expected Fleet Activity(a)
Aircraft | Dec 31, 2015 |  | 2016 Changes |  | Dec 31, 2016 |  | 2017-2018 Changes |  | Dec 31, 2018
737 Freighters & Combis (b) | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 3 |
737 Passenger Aircraft (b) | 141 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 156 |
Total Mainline Fleet | 147 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 159 |
Q400 (d) | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 37 |
E175 (c) | 5 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 43 |
CRJ700 (c) | 8 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Regional Fleet | 65 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 80 |
Total | 212 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 239 |

(a) | The expected fleet counts at December 31, 2016 and beyond are subject to change.

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(b) | 2016 change in 737 Passenger Aircraft reflects delivery of 19 737-900 aircraft, the retirement of 13 737-400 aircraft and the removal from service of three 737-700 aircraft. The three 737-700 aircraft are being converted to freighters and will return to service in 2017.

(c) | Aircraft are operated under capacity purchase agreements with Horizon or other regional airlines.

(d) | Excludes deliveries of two Q400 aircraft that are currently contracted. At this time we do not expect to take delivery of those aircraft.

For future firm orders, and if we exercise our options for additional deliveries, we may finance the aircraft through internally generated cash, long-term debt, or lease arrangements.
Fuel Hedge Positions
All of our current oil positions are call options, which are designed to effectively cap the cost of the crude oil component of our jet fuel purchases. With call options, we benefit from a decline in crude oil prices, as there is no cash outlay other than the premiums we pay to enter into the contracts. Our crude oil positions are as follows:

| Approximate % of Expected Fuel Requirements |  | Weighted-Average Crude Oil Price per Barrel |  | Average Premium Cost per Barrel
Second Quarter 2016 | 50 | % |  | $66 |  | $3
Third Quarter 2016 | 50 | % |  | $62 |  | $3
Fourth Quarter 2016 | 40 | % |  | $61 |  | $3
Remainder 2016 | 47 | % |  | $63 |  | $3
First Quarter 2017 | 30 | % |  | $57 |  | $3
Second Quarter 2017 | 20 | % |  | $55 |  | $3
Third Quarter 2017 | 10 | % |  | $54 |  | $4
Full Year 2017 | 15 | % |  | $55 |  | $3

Contractual Obligations
The following table provides a summary of our principal payments under current and long-term debt obligations, operating lease commitments, aircraft purchase commitments and other obligations as of March 31, 2016. Such commitments do not reflect the impacts of the Embraer purchase agreement or the Virgin America merger agreement discussed in Notes 2 and 11, as these agreements were reached subsequent to quarter-end.

(in millions) | Remainder of 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | Beyond 2020 |  | Total
Current and long-term debt obligations | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 650 |
Operating lease commitments(a) | 130 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 1,332 |
Aircraft purchase commitments (d) | 402 |  |  | 516 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 2,483 |
Interest obligations(b) | 21 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 93 |
Capacity Purchase Agreements(c) | 53 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 858 |  |  | 1,300 |
Total | $ | 685 |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | 739 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 1,938 |  |  | $ | 5,858 |

(a) | Operating lease commitments generally include aircraft operating leases including those under capacity purchase agreements, airport property and hangar leases, office space, and other equipment leases.

(b) | For variable-rate debt, future obligations are shown above using interest rates in effect as of March 31, 2016.

(c) | Includes minimum obligations associated with third-party CPAs with SkyWest and PenAir. Refer to the "Commitments" note in the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

(d) | Includes payments for two Q400 aircraft deliveries in 2018 that are currently contracted. However, at this time we do not expect to take delivery of those aircraft.

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Credit Card Agreements
We have agreements with a number of credit card companies to process the sale of tickets and other services. Under these agreements, there are material adverse change clauses that, if triggered, could result in the credit card companies holding back a reserve from our credit card receivables. Under one such agreement, we could be required to maintain a reserve if our credit rating is downgraded to, or below, a rating specified by the agreement or our cash and marketable securities balance falls below $500 million. Under another such agreement, we could be required to maintain a reserve if our cash and marketable securities balance falls below $500 million. We are not currently required to maintain any reserve under these agreements, but if we were, our financial position and liquidity could be materially harmed.
Deferred Income Taxes
For federal income tax purposes, the majority of our assets are fully depreciated over a seven-year life using an accelerated depreciation method or bonus depreciation, if available. For financial reporting purposes, the majority of our assets are depreciated over 15 to 20 years to an estimated salvage value using the straight-line basis. This difference, along with other deferred liabilities and offset by deferred assets, have created a significant deferred tax liability. At some point in the future the depreciation basis will reverse, potentially resulting in an increase in income taxes paid.
Taxable income and cash taxes payable in the short term are impacted by many items, including the amount of book income generated (which can be volatile depending on revenue and fuel prices), availability of "bonus depreciation", and other legislative changes that are out of our control. We believe that we have the liquidity to make our future tax payments.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2016. For information on our critical accounting estimates, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of March 31, 2016, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (collectively, our “certifying officers”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. These disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in our periodic reports filed with or submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms, and includes, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our certifying officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our certifying officers concluded, based on their evaluation, that disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2016.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We made no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Our internal control over financial reporting is based on the 2013 framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO Framework).
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PART II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are a party to routine litigation matters incidental to our business. Management believes the ultimate disposition of these matters is not likely to materially affect our financial position or results of operations. This forward-looking statement is based on management’s current understanding of the relevant law and facts, and it is subject to various contingencies, including the potential costs and risks associated with litigation and the actions of judges and juries.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors affecting our business, financial condition or future results from those set forth in Item 1A."Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 except as noted below. However, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in such section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Subsequent to March 31, 2016, we announced our plans to acquire Virgin America. As a result, we have identified the following risk factors relating to the pending acquisition and the combined company that may affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Risk factors relating to the pending acquisition of Virgin America
The acquisition is subject to a number of conditions to our and Virgin America's obligations, which, if not fulfilled, may result in termination of the merger agreement.
The merger agreement contains a number of customary conditions to complete the acquisition, including that certain representations and warranties be accurate, that certain covenants be fulfilled, that certain regulatory approvals have been obtained, that there are no legal prohibitions against completion of the acquisition, and that Virgin America stockholders have adopted the merger agreement. Many of the conditions to complete the acquisition are not within either Virgin America’s or our control and neither of us can predict when or if these conditions will be satisfied. If any of these conditions are not satisfied or waived prior to January 1, 2017, which date may be extended to July 1, 2017 under certain circumstances, it is possible that the acquisition will not be completed in the expected time frame or that the merger agreement may be terminated.
The regulatory approvals required in connection with our pending acquisition of Virgin America may not be obtained or may contain materially burdensome conditions.
Completion of our pending acquisition of Virgin America is conditioned upon the receipt of certain regulatory approvals, and we cannot provide assurance that these approvals will be obtained. If any conditions or changes to the proposed structure of the acquisition are required to obtain these regulatory approvals, they may have the effect of jeopardizing or delaying completion of the pending acquisition or reducing the anticipated benefits of the pending acquisition. If we agree to any material conditions in order to obtain any approvals required to complete the pending acquisition, the business and results of operations of our company following the closing may be adversely affected.
Failure to complete the acquisition could negatively impact our stock price and our future business and financial results.
As described above, our and Virgin America’s obligations to consummate our pending acquisition of Virgin America are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary conditions. We cannot provide assurance that the conditions to the completion of the pending acquisition of Virgin America will be satisfied in a timely manner or at all. If our pending acquisition of Virgin America is not completed, our share price could fall to the extent that our current price reflects an assumption that we will complete the pending acquisition. Furthermore, if the acquisition is not completed, our ongoing business may be adversely affected, and we will be subject to several risks, including the following:

• | we will be required to pay certain costs relating to the acquisition, whether or not it is completed, such as legal, accounting, and financial advisers, which could be substantial;

• | our management will have focused its attention on negotiating and preparing for the acquisition instead of on pursuing other opportunities that could have been beneficial to us;

• | the failure to consummate the acquisition may result in negative publicity and a negative impression of us in the investment community; and

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• | any disruptions to our business resulting from the announcement of the acquisition, including any adverse changes in our relationships with our customers, partners and employees, may continue or intensify in the event the acquisition is not consummated.

We may be unable to integrate Virgin America’s business with ours successfully and realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.
Our pending acquisition of Virgin America, if completed, will be our largest acquisition to date. The anticipated benefits we expect from the pending acquisition are, necessarily, based on projections and assumptions about the combined businesses of our company and Virgin America, which may not materialize as expected or which may prove to be inaccurate. The value of our common stock following the completion of the pending acquisition could be adversely affected if we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits from the acquisition on a timely basis or at all. Achieving the benefits of the pending acquisition of Virgin America will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate the business and operations of Virgin America successfully and efficiently with our business. The challenges involved in this integration, which will be complex and time-consuming, include the following:

• | successfully managing relationships with our combined customer base and retaining Virgin America’s customers;

• | the inability to successfully integrate Virgin America's business with ours in a manner that permits us to achieve the synergies and other benefits anticipated to result from the acquisition;

• | the challenge of integrating complex systems, operating procedures, regulatory compliance programs, technology, aircraft fleets, networks, and other assets of the two companies in a manner that minimizes any adverse impact on customers, suppliers, employees, and other constituencies;

• | diversion of the attention of our and Virgin America's management and other key employees;

• | the challenge of integrating the workforces of the two companies while maintaining focus on providing consistent, high quality customer service and running a safe and efficient operation;

• | disruption of, or the loss of momentum in, our ongoing business;

• | liabilities that are significantly larger than we currently anticipate and unforeseen increased expenses or delays associated with the acquisition, including transition costs to integrate the two businesses that may exceed the costs that we currently anticipate;

• | maintaining productive and effective employee relationships and, in particular, successfully and promptly integrating seniority lists and achieving cost-competitive collective bargaining agreements that cover the combined union-represented work groups;

• | limitations prior to the completion of the acquisition on the ability of management of our company and of Virgin America to conduct planning regarding the integration of the two companies;

• | the increased scale of our operations resulting from the acquisition;

• | retaining key employees of our company and Virgin America; and

• | obligations that we will have to counterparties of Virgin America that arise as a result of the change in control of Virgin America.

If we do not successfully manage these issues and the other challenges inherent in integrating an acquired business the size of Virgin America, then we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of Virgin America and our revenue, expenses, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Each of our and Virgin America’s indebtedness and other obligations are, and our indebtedness and other obligations following the completion of the acquisition will continue to be, substantial and could adversely affect our business and liquidity.
We and Virgin America have, and we expect to continue to have following the completion of the acquisition, significant amounts of indebtedness and other obligations, including pension obligations, obligations to make future payments on aircraft equipment and property leases, and obligations under aircraft purchase agreements. We expect to incur substantial additional debt in the future specifically as it relates to our payment of the approximately $2.6 billion aggregate merger consideration and to our assumption of Virgin America's indebtedness, other than related party debt. Substantial indebtedness and other obligations could have important consequences. For example, they may:

• | limit our ability to obtain additional funding for capital expenditures, investments, integration costs, and general corporate purposes, and adversely affect the terms on which such funding can be obtained;

• | require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness and other obligations, thereby reducing the funds available for other purposes;

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• | make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and catastrophic external events;

• | contain restrictive covenants that could:

◦ | limit our ability to merge, consolidate, sell assets, incur additional indebtedness, make investments and pay dividends; and

◦ | significantly constrain our ability to respond, or respond quickly, to unexpected disruptions in our operations, the U.S. or global economy, or the businesses in which we operate, or to take advantage of opportunities that would improve our business, operations, or competitive position versus other airlines; and

• | limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures and reduce its flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions.

In addition, increases in the cost of financing could adversely affect our liquidity, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Revised risk factors from Form 10-K
We are dependent on a limited number of suppliers for aircraft and parts.
Alaska is dependent on Boeing as its sole supplier for aircraft and many aircraft parts. Horizon is similarly dependent on Bombardier and Embraer. Additionally, each carrier is dependent on sole suppliers for aircraft engines. As a result, we are more vulnerable to any problems associated with the supply of those aircraft and parts, including design defects, mechanical problems, contractual performance by the manufacturers, adverse perception by the public that would result in customer avoidance or in actions by the FAA resulting in an inability to operate our aircraft, or instability in the foreign countries in which the aircraft and its parts are manufactured.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

This table provides certain information with respect to our purchases of shares of our common stock during the first quarter of 2016.

| Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Maximum remaining dollar value of shares that can be purchased under the plan (in millions)
January 1, 2016 - January 31, 2016 | 461,388 |  |  | $ | 71.22 |  |  |
February 1, 2016 - February 29, 2016 | 586,975 |  |  | 68.52 |  |  |
March 1, 2016 - March 31, 2016 | 673,050 |  |  | 79.47 |  |  |
Total | 1,721,413 |  |  | $ | 73.52 |  |  | $ | 754 |

The shares were purchased pursuant to a $1 billion repurchase plan authorized by the Board of Directors in August 2015.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

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None

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

1. | Exhibits: See Exhibit Index.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC. |
/s/ CHRISTOPHER M. BERRY |
Christopher M. Berry |
Managing Director, Accounting and Controller |
(Principal Accounting Officer) |
May 9, 2016 |

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | Date of First Filing | Exhibit Number
2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 1, 2016, by and among Virgin America Inc., Alaska Air Group, Inc. and Alpine Acquisition Corp. | 8-K | April 4, 2016 | 2.1
10.1#† | Purchase Agreement, dated April 11, 2016, between Embraer S.A. and Horizon Air Industries, Inc. | 10-Q | May 9, 2016 |
31.1† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 10-Q |  |
31.2† | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 10-Q |  |
32.1† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 10-Q |  |
32.2† | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | 10-Q |  |
101.INS† | XBRL Instance Document |  |  |
101.SCH† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |
101.CAL† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |
101.DEF† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |
101.LAB† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |
101.PRE† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |
† | Filed herewith |  |  |
# | Pursuant to 17 CFR 240.24b-2, confidential information has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a Confidential Treatment Application filed with the Commission. |  |  |

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