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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS In determining fair value, there is a three-level hierarchy based on the reliability of the inputs used. Level 1 refers to fair values based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs and Level 3 refers to fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs. Fair Value of Financial Instruments on a Recurring Basis As of December 31, 2021, total cost basis for marketable securities was $2.6 billion. There were no significant differences between the cost basis and fair value of any individual class of marketable securities. Fair values of financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheet (in millions):
| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 407 |
Equity mutual funds | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Foreign government bonds | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | 311 |  |  | 311 |  |  | — |  |  | 224 |  |  | 224 |
Mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 232 |  |  | 232 |  |  | — |  |  | 290 |  |  | 290 |
Corporate notes and bonds | — |  |  | 1,663 |  |  | 1,663 |  |  | — |  |  | 978 |  |  | 978 |
Municipal securities | — |  |  | 65 |  |  | 65 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
Total Marketable securities | 337 |  |  | 2,309 |  |  | 2,646 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 1,976
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel hedge contracts - call options | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
Total Assets | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | 2,390 |  |  | $ | 2,727 |  |  | $ | 414 |  |  | $ | 1,577 |  |  | $ | 1,991 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | (25) |
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | $ | (25) |
The Company uses the market and income approach to determine the fair value of marketable securities. U.S. government securities and equity mutual funds are Level 1 as the fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets. The remaining marketable securities instruments are Level 2 as the fair value is based on standard valuation models that calculate values from observable inputs such as quoted interest rates, yield curves, credit ratings of the security and other observable market information. The Company uses the market and income approaches to determine the fair value of derivative instruments. The fair value for fuel hedge call options is determined utilizing an option pricing model that uses inputs that are readily available in active markets or can be derived from information available in active markets. In addition, the fair value considers exposure to credit losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties. Interest rate swap agreements are Level 2 as the fair value of these contracts is determined based on the difference between the fixed interest rate in the agreements and the observable LIBOR-based interest forward rates at period end, multiplied by the total notional value. Activity and Maturities for Marketable Securities Unrealized losses from marketable securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. Management does not believe any unrealized losses are the result of expected credit losses based on the Company's evaluation of available evidence as of December 31, 2021. Proceeds from sales of marketable securities were $3.6 billion, $2.3 billion and $1.7 billion in 2021, 2020, and 2019. Maturities for marketable securities (in millions):
December 31, 2021 | Cost Basis |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 1,064 |  |  | $ | 1,065 |
Due after one year through five years | 1,537 |  |  | 1,532 |
Due after five years | 44 |  |  | 42 |
Total | $ | 2,645 |  |  | $ | 2,639 |
As of December 31, 2021, $6 million of total marketable securities do not have a maturity date and are therefore excluded from the total fair value of maturities for marketable securities above. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are not recognized at fair value as described below. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash: Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, such as money market funds, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. They are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company's restricted cash balances are primarily used to guarantee various letters of credit, self-insurance programs or other contractual rights. Restricted cash consists of highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less. They are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Debt: To estimate the fair value of all fixed-rate debt as of December 31, 2021, the Company uses the income approach by discounting cash flows or estimation using quoted market prices, utilizing borrowing rates for comparable debt over the remaining life of the outstanding debt. The estimated fair value of the fixed-rate Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificate debt is Level 2, as it is estimated using observable inputs, while the estimated fair value of $763 million of other fixed-rate debt, including PSP notes payable, is classified as Level 3, as it is not actively traded and is valued using discounted cash flows which is an unobservable input. Fixed-rate debt on the consolidated balance sheet and the estimated fair value of long-term fixed-rate debt (in millions):
| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Total fixed rate debt | $ | 1,821 |  |  | $ | 1,662 |
Estimated fair value | $ | 1,919 |  |  | $ | 1,778 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123874694&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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