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Stock-Based Compensation
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
Restricted stock awards. The Company has granted restricted stock awards to employees and directors under its Amended and Restated 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan, the majority of which vest over a three-year period. The fair value of restricted stock grants is based on the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, employees and non-employee directors of the Company were granted restricted stock awards equal to 1,551,560 shares of common stock with a $15.35 weighted average grant date per share value. Stock-based compensation expense recorded for restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $5.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Performance share units. The Company has granted performance share units (“PSUs”) to officers of the Company under its Amended and Restated 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan. The PSUs are awards of restricted stock units, and each PSU that is earned represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, officers of the Company were granted 509,800 PSUs with a $16.89 weighted average grant date per share value. Stock-based compensation expense recorded for PSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The Company accounted for these PSUs as equity awards pursuant to the FASB’s authoritative guidance for share-based payments. The number of PSUs to be earned is subject to a market condition, which is based on a comparison of the total shareholder return (“TSR”) achieved with respect to shares of the Company’s common stock against the TSR achieved by a defined peer group at the end of the performance periods. Depending on the Company’s TSR performance relative to the defined peer group, award recipients will earn between 0% and 200% of the initial PSUs granted. All compensation expense related to the PSUs will be recognized if the requisite performance period is fulfilled, even if the market condition is not achieved.
The aggregate grant date fair value of the market-based awards was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model uses assumptions regarding random projections and must be repeated numerous times to achieve a probabilistic assessment. The key valuation assumptions for the Monte Carlo model are the forecast period, initial value, risk-free interest rate, volatility and correlation coefficients. The risk-free interest rates are the U.S. Treasury bond rates on the date of grant that correspond to each performance period. The initial value is the average of the volume weighted average prices for the 30 trading days prior to the start of the performance cycle for the Company and each of its peers. Volatility was calculated from the daily historical returns of 30-day volume weighted average stock prices over a historical period for the Company and each of its peers. The correlation coefficients are measures of the strength of the linear relationship between and amongst the Company and its peers estimated based on historical stock price data.
The following assumptions were used for the Monte Carlo model to determine the grant date fair value and associated stock-based compensation expense of the PSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017:
Risk-free interest rate
1.18% - 1.66%

Oasis volatility
17.16
%