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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 3.3% on pre-tax loss of $111.7 million, as compared to an effective tax rate of 18.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 on pre-tax income of $4.5 million. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was lower than the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily due to income attributable to non-controlling interests as compared to forecasted pre-tax book income and the impact of equity-based compensation shortfalls. These decreases were partially offset by state income taxes and the impact of other permanent differences, primarily non-deductible executive compensation.
The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was lower than the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily due to the tax impact of a decrease in the Company’s deferred state tax rate and income attributable to non-controlling interests, which are not taxable to the Company. These decreases are partially offset by state income taxes, an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s Montana net operating loss carryforwards and the impact of equity-based compensation shortfalls.