In accordance with the FASB’s authoritative guidance on fair value measurements, certain of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company’s financial instruments, including certain cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other payables, are carried at cost, which approximates their respective fair market values due to their short-term maturities. The Company recognizes its non-financial assets and liabilities, such as ARO (see Note 16—Asset Retirement Obligations) and properties acquired in a business combination (see Note 11—Acquisitions) or upon impairment (see Note 10—Property, Plant and Equipment), at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.


	Fair value at December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(In thousands)
Assets:

Commodity derivative contracts (see Note 9)(1)	$	—	$	780	$	—	$	780
Contingent consideration (see Note 9)	—		60,920		—		60,920
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate (see Note 14)	130,575		—		—		130,575
Total assets	$	130,575	$	61,700	$	—	$	192,275
Liabilities:
Commodity derivative contracts (see Note 9)(2)	$	—	$	329,676	$	14,694	$	344,370
Total liabilities	$	—	$	329,676	$	14,694	$	344,370


	Fair value at December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

	(In thousands)
Assets:
Commodity derivative contracts (see Note 9)	$	—	$	55	$	—	$	55
Contingent consideration (see Note 9)	—		44,810		—		44,810
Total assets	$	—	$	44,865	$	—	$	44,865
Liabilities:
Commodity derivative contracts (see Note 9)(3)	$	—	$	204,729	$	—	$	204,729
Total liabilities	$	—	$	204,729	$	—	$	—

Commodity derivative contracts. The Company enters into commodity derivative contracts to manage risks related to changes in crude oil, NGL and natural gas prices. The Company’s swaps, collars and basis swaps are valued by a third-party preparer based on an income approach. The significant inputs used are commodity prices, volatility, discount rate and the contract terms of the derivative instruments. These assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the contract, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace and are therefore designated as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company compares the valuation performed by the third-party preparer to counterparty valuation statements to assess the reasonableness of its valuation. The determination of the fair value also incorporates a credit adjustment for non-performance risk, as required by GAAP. The Company calculates the credit adjustment for derivatives in a net asset position using current credit default swap values for each counterparty. The credit adjustment for derivatives in a net liability position is based on the market credit spread of the Company or similarly rated public issuers. The Company recorded an adjustment to reduce the fair value of its net derivative liability for these contracts by $3.5 million and $5.3 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See Note 9—Derivative Instruments for additional information.

Transportation derivative contracts. The Company acquired two buy/sell transportation contracts in the Merger that are derivative contracts for which the Company has not elected the “normal purchase normal sale” exclusion under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The Company recorded these contracts at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheet at the completion of the Merger on July 1, 2022, with additional adjustments to fair value recorded as of December 31, 2022. These transportation derivative contracts were valued based on an income approach, which considers various assumptions, including quoted forward prices for commodities, market differentials for crude oil and either the Company’s or the counterparty’s nonperformance risk, as appropriate. The assumptions used in the valuation of these contracts include certain market differential metrics that are unobservable during the term of the contracts. Such unobservable inputs are significant to the contract valuation methodology, and the contracts’ fair values are therefore designated as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 9—Derivative Instruments for additional information.

Contingent consideration. Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement entered into in connection with the Company’s divestiture of E&P assets in the Permian Basin in 2021, the Company is entitled to receive up to three earn-out payments of $25.0 million per year for each of 2023, 2024 and 2025 if the average daily settlement price of NYMEX WTI exceeds $60 per barrel for such year (the “Permian Basin Sale Contingent Consideration”). If NYMEX WTI for calendar year 2023 or 2024 is less than $45 per barrel, then each calendar year thereafter the buyer’s obligation to make any remaining earn-out payments is terminated. The fair value of the Permian Basin Sale Contingent Consideration was determined by a third-party valuation specialist using a Monte Carlo simulation model and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck pricing process. The significant inputs include NYMEX WTI forward price curve, volatility, mean reversion rate and counterparty credit risk adjustment. The Company determined these were Level 2 fair value inputs that are substantially observable in active markets or can be derived from observable data. See Note 9—Derivative Instruments for additional information.

Investment in unconsolidated affiliate. The Company elected the fair value option to account for its investment in Crestwood. The fair value of the Company’s investment in Crestwood was determined using Level 1 inputs based upon the quoted market price of Crestwood’s publicly traded common units at December 31, 2022. As of the closing date of the OMP Merger (defined in Note 12—Divestitures) on February 1, 2022, fair value was determined using Level 2 inputs that included a discount to reflect a restriction on the Company's ability to sell the investment 90 days from the closing date. See Note 14—Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate for additional information.

Asset retirement obligations. The initial measurement of ARO at fair value is recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. Fair value is determined by calculating the present value of estimated future cash flows related to the liability. Estimating the future ARO requires management to make estimates and judgments regarding the timing and existence of a liability, as well as what constitutes adequate restoration when considering current regulatory requirements. Inherent in the fair value calculation are numerous assumptions and judgments, including the ultimate costs, inflation factors, credit-adjusted discount rates, timing of settlement and changes in the legal, environmental and regulatory environments.

Oil and gas and other properties. The Company records its properties at fair value when acquired in a business combination or upon impairment for proved oil and gas properties and other properties. Fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow model. The inputs used are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, future production volumes based upon estimates of proved reserves, future commodity prices (adjusted for basis differentials), estimates of future operating and development costs and a risk-adjusted discount rate. These inputs are classified as Level 3 inputs, except the underlying commodity price assumptions are based on NYMEX forward strip prices (Level 1) and adjusted for price differentials.

Whiting merger. On July 1, 2022, the Company completed the Merger with Whiting. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at fair value as of July 1, 2022. The fair value of Whiting’s oil and gas properties was calculated using an income approach based on the net discounted future cash flows from the producing properties and related assets. The inputs utilized in the valuation of the oil and gas properties and related assets acquired included mostly unobservable inputs which fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Such inputs included future production volumes based upon estimates of reserves prepared by the Company’s reserve engineers, future operating and development costs, future commodity prices (adjusted for basis differentials) and a market-based weighted average cost of capital discount rate. The Company also recorded the asset retirement obligations assumed from Whiting at fair value. The inputs utilized in valuing the asset retirement obligations were mostly Level 3 unobservable inputs, including estimated economic lives of oil and natural gas wells as of July 1, 2022, anticipated future plugging and abandonment costs and an appropriate credit-adjusted risk-free rate to discount such costs. See Note 11—Acquisitions for additional information.

2021 Williston Basin Acquisition. The Company recognized the assets acquired in the 2021 Williston Basin Acquisition at cost on a relative fair value basis (see Note 11—Acquisitions). Fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow model. The underlying future commodity prices included in the Company’s estimated future cash flows of its proved oil and gas properties were determined using NYMEX forward strip prices as of October 21, 2021 for five years, escalating per year thereafter. The estimated future cash flows also included an inflation factor applied to the future operating and development costs after five years and every year thereafter. The estimated future cash flows were discounted at a market-based weighted average cost of capital discount rate.

2020 Impairments. As a result of the significant decline in expected future commodity prices in the first quarter of 2020, the Company reviewed its properties for impairment as of March 31, 2020. The underlying future commodity prices included in the Company’s estimated future cash flows of its proved oil and gas properties were determined using NYMEX forward strip prices as of March 31, 2020 for five years, escalating per year thereafter. The estimated future cash flows also included an inflation factor applied to the future operating and development costs after five years and every year thereafter. The estimated future cash flows for the Company’s proved oil and gas properties and midstream assets were discounted at market-based weighted average cost of capital discount rates (see Note 10—Property, Plant and Equipment).

Fresh start accounting. On the Emergence Date, the Company emerged from the Chapter 11 Cases and adopted fresh start accounting. Upon the adoption of fresh start accounting, the Company’s assets and liabilities were recorded at their fair values as of November 19, 2020. The inputs utilized in the valuation of the Company’s most significant assets, its oil and gas properties and midstream long-lived assets, included mostly unobservable inputs which fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Such inputs included estimates of future oil and gas production from the Company’s reserve reports, commodity prices based on forward strip price curves (adjusted for basis differentials) as of November 19, 2020, operating and development costs, expected future development plans for the properties, estimated replacement costs and weighted-average cost of capital discount rates. The Company also recorded its ARO at fair value as a result of fresh start accounting. The inputs utilized in valuing the ARO liability, which are discussed above, are mostly Level 3 unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 3—Fresh Start Accounting for a detailed discussion of the fair value approaches and significant inputs used by the Company.