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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________
Form 10-Q
_________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-34603
_________________________
Terreno Realty Corp oration
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_________________________

Maryland |  | 27-1262675
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
101 Montgomery Street, | Suite 200 |  | 94104
San Francisco, | CA |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (415) 655-4580
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share |  | TRNO |  | New York Stock Exchange

_________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The registrant had 65,543,892 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding as of July 26, 2019.

Table of Contents
Terreno Realty Corporation
Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements of Terreno Realty Corporation (unaudited) |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
| Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 43
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 43
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 44
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 44
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 44
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 44
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 44
Item 5. | Other Information | 44
Item 6. | Exhibits | 45
SIGNATURES | 46

1

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements of Terreno Realty Corporation
Terreno Realty Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands – except share and per share data)

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (Unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Investments in real estate |  |  |
Land | $ | 930,180 |  |  | $ | 833,995 |
Buildings and improvements | 869,907 |  |  | 837,816 |
Construction in progress | 101,080 |  |  | 94,695 |
Intangible assets | 86,183 |  |  | 79,270 |
Total investments in properties | 1,987,350 |  |  | 1,845,776 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (189,719 | ) |  | (169,772 | )
Net investments in real estate | 1,797,631 |  |  | 1,676,004 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 117,188 |  |  | 31,004 |
Restricted cash | 2,976 |  |  | 3,475 |
Senior secured loan, net | 15,773 |  |  | 54,492 |
Other assets, net | 33,990 |  |  | 31,529 |
Total assets | $ | 1,967,558 |  |  | $ | 1,796,504 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Credit facility | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,000 |
Term loans payable, net | 149,231 |  |  | 149,067 |
Senior unsecured notes, net | 248,413 |  |  | 248,263 |
Mortgage loans payable, net | 45,050 |  |  | 45,767 |
Security deposits | 12,880 |  |  | 11,933 |
Intangible liabilities, net | 27,496 |  |  | 23,093 |
Dividends payable | 15,719 |  |  | 14,643 |
Performance share awards payable | 8,979 |  |  | 12,048 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 23,612 |  |  | 24,893 |
Total liabilities | 531,380 |  |  | 548,707 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Common stock: $0.01 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, and 65,495,713 and 61,013,711 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 656 |  |  | 610 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,426,860 |  |  | 1,233,763 |
Retained earnings | 9,268 |  |  | 14,185 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (606 | ) |  | (761 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,436,178 |  |  | 1,247,797 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,967,558 |  |  | $ | 1,796,504 |

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Terreno Realty Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands – except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental revenues and tenant expense reimbursements | $ | 41,730 |  |  | $ | 37,238 |  |  | $ | 82,610 |  |  | $ | 74,345 |
Total revenues | 41,730 |  |  | 37,238 |  |  | 82,610 |  |  | 74,345 |
COSTS AND EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property operating expenses | 10,709 |  |  | 10,313 |  |  | 21,402 |  |  | 20,206 |
Depreciation and amortization | 10,648 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 21,063 |  |  | 20,509 |
General and administrative | 6,757 |  |  | 5,007 |  |  | 12,720 |  |  | 10,085 |
Acquisition costs | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |
Total costs and expenses | 28,115 |  |  | 25,099 |  |  | 55,186 |  |  | 50,807 |
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income | 817 |  |  | 921 |  |  | 2,339 |  |  | 981 |
Interest expense, including amortization | (4,053 | ) |  | (4,626 | ) |  | (8,317 | ) |  | (9,311 | )
Gain on sales of real estate investments | — |  |  | 11,703 |  |  | 4,465 |  |  | 14,986 |
Total other income (expense) | (3,236 | ) |  | 7,998 |  |  | (1,513 | ) |  | 6,656 |
Net income | 10,379 |  |  | 20,137 |  |  | 25,911 |  |  | 30,194 |
Allocation to participating securities | (64 | ) |  | (125 | ) |  | (162 | ) |  | (190 | )
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 10,315 |  |  | $ | 20,012 |  |  | $ | 25,749 |  |  | $ | 30,004 |
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common stockholders - basic | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |
Net income available to common stockholders - diluted | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |
BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING | 63,780,645 |  |  | 56,698,959 |  |  | 62,625,224 |  |  | 55,917,610 |
DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING | 64,075,215 |  |  | 56,698,959 |  |  | 62,919,794 |  |  | 55,917,610 |

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Terreno Realty Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 10,379 |  |  | $ | 20,137 |  |  | $ | 25,911 |  |  | $ | 30,194 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedge adjustment | 92 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 162 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 10,471 |  |  | $ | 20,215 |  |  | $ | 26,066 |  |  | $ | 30,356 |

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Terreno Realty Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(in thousands – except share data)
(Unaudited)
Six months ended June 30, 2019:

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid- in Capital |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |
| Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | 61,013,711 |  |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 1,233,763 |  |  | $ | 14,185 |  |  | $ | (761 | ) |  | $ | 1,247,797 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,532 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,532 |
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $1,427 | 2,184,888 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 87,902 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87,924 |
Repurchase of common stock related to employee awards | (99,999 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,959 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,959 | )
Issuance of restricted stock | 30,294 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 928 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 928 |
Common stock dividends ($0.24 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,109 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,109 | )
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 63 |
Balance as of March 31, 2019 | 63,128,894 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 1,318,634 |  |  | $ | 14,608 |  |  | $ | (698 | ) |  | $ | 1,333,176 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,379 |
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $1,718 | 2,386,470 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 106,958 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106,982 |
Cancellation of common stock related to employee awards | (19,651 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,268 |
Common stock dividends ($0.24 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,719 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,719 | )
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  | 92 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | 65,495,713 |  |  | $ | 656 |  |  | $ | 1,426,860 |  |  | $ | 9,268 |  |  | $ | (606 | ) |  | $ | 1,436,178 |

Six months ended June 30, 2018:

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid- in Capital |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |
| Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | 55,368,737 |  |  | $ | 553 |  |  | $ | 1,023,184 |  |  | $ | 4,803 |  |  | $ | (1,046 | ) |  | $ | 1,027,494 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,057 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,057 |
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $132 | 255,197 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8,701 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,704 |
Repurchase of common stock related to employee awards | (107,267 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,870 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,870 | )
Issuance of restricted stock | 27,003 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |
Common stock dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,220 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12,220 | )
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 84 |  |  | 84 |
Balance as of March 31, 2018 | 55,543,670 |  |  | $ | 556 |  |  | $ | 1,028,478 |  |  | $ | 2,640 |  |  | $ | (962 | ) |  | $ | 1,030,712 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,137 |
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $1,717 | 2,835,823 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 104,170 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,198 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 820 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 820 |
Common stock dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,843 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12,843 | )
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | 78 |
Balance as of June 30, 2018 | 58,379,493 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 1,133,468 |  |  | $ | 9,934 |  |  | $ | (884 | ) |  | $ | 1,143,102 |

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Terreno Realty Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $ | 25,911 |  |  | $ | 30,194 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Straight-line rents | (1,685 | ) |  | (2,199 | )
Amortization of lease intangibles | (1,888 | ) |  | (1,775 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 21,063 |  |  | 20,509 |
Gain on sales of real estate investments | (4,465 | ) |  | (14,986 | )
Deferred financing cost amortization | 779 |  |  | 715 |
Deferred senior secured loan fee amortization | (446 | ) |  | (98 | )
Stock-based compensation | 6,160 |  |  | 4,229 |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
Other assets | (1,670 | ) |  | (2,092 | )
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 186 |  |  | 1,151 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 43,945 |  |  | 35,648 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Cash paid for property acquisitions | (73,210 | ) |  | (100,881 | )
Proceeds from sales of real estate investments, net | 11,980 |  |  | 42,991 |
Additions to construction in progress | (13,810 | ) |  | (2,469 | )
Additions to buildings, improvements and leasing costs | (18,017 | ) |  | (13,327 | )
Cash paid for senior secured loan | — |  |  | (55,000 | )
Origination and other fees received on senior secured loan | — |  |  | 900 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (93,057 | ) |  | (127,786 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Issuance of common stock | 191,018 |  |  | 107,991 |
Issuance costs on issuance of common stock | (2,761 | ) |  | (1,566 | )
Repurchase of common stock | (3,959 | ) |  | (3,870 | )
Borrowings on credit facility | 17,000 |  |  | 98,350 |
Payments on credit facility | (36,000 | ) |  | (93,000 | )
Payments on mortgage loans payable | (749 | ) |  | (945 | )
Payment of deferred financing costs | — |  |  | (10 | )
Dividends paid to common stockholders | (29,752 | ) |  | (24,401 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 134,797 |  |  | 82,549 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 85,685 |  |  | (9,589 | )
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 34,479 |  |  | 42,800 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 120,164 |  |  | $ | 33,211 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest | $ | 9,763 |  |  | $ | 9,364 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash transactions |  |  |
Accounts payable related to capital improvements | $ | 9,575 |  |  | $ | 6,704 |
Non-cash repayment of senior secured loan | (39,085 | ) |  | — |
Lease liability arising from recognition of right-of-use asset | 766 |  |  | — |
Reconciliation of cash paid for property acquisitions |  |  |
Acquisition of properties | $ | 80,310 |  |  | $ | 103,714 |
Assumption of other assets and liabilities | (7,100 | ) |  | (2,833 | )
Net cash paid for property acquisitions | $ | 73,210 |  |  | $ | 100,881 |

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Terreno Realty Corporation
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization
Terreno Realty Corporation (“Terreno”, and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) acquires, owns and operates industrial real estate in six major coastal U.S. markets: Los Angeles, Northern New Jersey/New York City, San Francisco Bay Area, Seattle, Miami, and Washington, D.C. All square feet, acres, occupancy and number of properties disclosed in these condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements are unaudited. As of June 30, 2019, the Company owned 209 buildings aggregating approximately 13.0 million square feet, 17 improved land parcels consisting of approximately 74.7 acres and four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) expected to contain approximately 0.6 million square feet upon completion.
The Company is an internally managed Maryland corporation and elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2010.
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In management’s opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The interim consolidated financial statements include all of the Company’s accounts and its subsidiaries and all intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements contained in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the notes thereto, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2019.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of the interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Capitalization of Costs. The Company capitalizes costs directly related to the redevelopment, renovation and expansion of its investment in real estate. Costs associated with such projects are capitalized as incurred. If the project is abandoned, these costs are expensed during the period in which the redevelopment, renovation or expansion project is abandoned. Costs considered for capitalization include, but are not limited to, construction costs, interest, real estate taxes and insurance, if appropriate. These costs are capitalized only during the period in which activities necessary to ready an asset for its intended use are in progress. In the event that the activities to ready the asset for its intended use are suspended, the capitalization period will cease until such activities are resumed. Costs incurred for maintaining and repairing properties, which do not extend their useful lives, are expensed as incurred.
Interest is capitalized based on actual capital expenditures from the period when redevelopment, renovation or expansion commences until the asset is ready for its intended use, at the weighted average borrowing rate during the period.
Investments in Real Estate. Investments in real estate, including tenant improvements, leasehold improvements and leasing costs, are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation, unless circumstances indicate that the cost cannot be recovered, in which case, an adjustment to the carrying value of the property is made to reduce it to its estimated fair value. The Company also reviews the impact of above and below-market leases, in-place leases and lease origination costs for acquisitions and records an intangible asset or liability accordingly.
Impairment. Carrying values for financial reporting purposes are reviewed for impairment on a property-by-property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a property may not be fully recoverable. Examples of such events or changes in circumstances may include classifying an asset to be held for sale, changing the intended hold period or when an asset remains vacant significantly longer than expected. The intended use of an asset either held for sale or held for use can significantly impact how impairment is measured. If an asset is intended to be held for the long-term, the recoverability is based on the undiscounted future cash flows. If the asset carrying value is not supported on an
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undiscounted future cash flow basis, then the asset carrying value is measured against the lower of cost or the present value of expected cash flows over the expected hold period. An impairment charge to earnings is recognized for the excess of the asset’s carrying value over the lower of cost or the present values of expected cash flows over the expected hold period. If an asset is intended to be sold, impairment is determined using the estimated fair value less costs to sell. The estimation of expected future net cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies on assumptions, among other things, regarding current and future economic and market conditions and the availability of capital. The Company determines the estimated fair values based on its assumptions regarding rental rates, lease-up and holding periods, as well as sales prices. When available, current market information is used to determine capitalization and rental growth rates. If available, current comparative sales values may also be used to establish fair value. When market information is not readily available, the inputs are based on the Company’s understanding of market conditions and the experience of the Company’s management team. Actual results could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates. The discount rates used in the fair value estimates represent a rate commensurate with the indicated holding period with a premium layered on for risk. There were no impairment charges recorded to the carrying values of the Company’s properties during the three or six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018.
Loans Held-for-Investment. Loans that are held-for-investment are carried at cost, net of loan fees and origination costs, as applicable, unless the loans are deemed impaired. Impairment occurs when it is deemed probable that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of loans that are held-for-investment. The Company evaluates its senior secured loan (the “Senior Secured Loan”), which is classified as held-for-investment, for impairment quarterly. If the Senior Secured Loan is considered to be impaired, the Company records an allowance through the provision for Senior Secured Loan losses to reduce the carrying value of the Senior Secured Loan to the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the Senior Secured Loan’s contractual effective rate or the fair value of the collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Actual losses, if any, could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates. There were no impairment charges recorded to the carrying value of the Senior Secured Loan during the three or six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018.
Property Acquisitions. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the integrated set of assets and activities is not considered a business. To be a business, the set of acquired activities and assets must include inputs and one or more substantive processes that together contribute to the ability to create outputs. The Company has determined that its real estate property acquisitions will generally be accounted for as asset acquisitions under the clarified definition. Upon acquisition of a property the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting generally of land, buildings and improvements) and intangible assets and liabilities (consisting generally of the above and below-market leases and the origination value of all in-place leases). The Company determines fair values using Level 3 inputs such as replacement cost, estimated cash flow projections and other valuation techniques and applying appropriate discount and capitalization rates based on available market information. Mortgage loans assumed in connection with acquisitions are recorded at their fair value using current market interest rates for similar debt at the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related costs associated with asset acquisitions are capitalized to individual tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis and acquisition-related costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred.
The fair value of the tangible assets is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant. Land values are derived from current comparative sales values, when available, or management’s estimates of the fair value based on market conditions and the experience of the Company’s management team. Building and improvement values are calculated as replacement cost less depreciation, or management’s estimates of the fair value of these assets using discounted cash flow analyses or similar methods. The fair value of the above and below-market leases is based on the present value of the difference between the contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the acquired leases (using a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the acquired leases) and the Company’s estimate of the market lease rates measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the leases plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options. The above and below-market lease values are amortized to rental revenues over the remaining initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options that are considered bargain renewal options of the respective leases. The total net impact to rental revenues due to the amortization of above and below-market leases was a net increase of approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $1.9 million and $1.8 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The origination value of in-place leases is based on costs to execute similar leases, including commissions and other related costs. The origination value of in-place leases also includes real estate taxes, insurance and an estimate of lost rental revenue at market rates during the estimated time required to lease up the property from vacant to the occupancy level at the date of acquisition. The remaining weighted average lease term related to these intangible assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2019 is 8.4 years. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s intangible assets and liabilities, including properties held for sale (if any), consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
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| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
In-place leases | $ | 82,014 |  |  | $ | (55,614 | ) |  | $ | 26,400 |  |  | $ | 75,101 |  |  | $ | (51,239 | ) |  | $ | 23,862 |
Above-market leases | 4,169 |  |  | (3,731 | ) |  | 438 |  |  | 4,169 |  |  | (3,610 | ) |  | 559 |
Below-market leases | (40,806 | ) |  | 13,310 |  |  | (27,496 | ) |  | (34,485 | ) |  | 11,392 |  |  | (23,093 | )
Total | $ | 45,377 |  |  | $ | (46,035 | ) |  | $ | (658 | ) |  | $ | 44,785 |  |  | $ | (43,457 | ) |  | $ | 1,328 |

Depreciation and Useful Lives of Real Estate and Intangible Assets. Depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets or liabilities. The following table reflects the standard depreciable lives typically used to compute depreciation and amortization. However, such depreciable lives may be different based on the estimated useful life of such assets or liabilities.

Description |  | Standard Depreciable Life
Land |  | Not depreciated
Building |  | 40 years
Building Improvements |  | 5-40 years
Tenant Improvements |  | Shorter of lease term or useful life
Leasing Costs |  | Lease term
In-place Leases |  | Lease term
Above/Below-Market Leases |  | Lease term

Held for Sale Assets. The Company considers a property to be held for sale when it meets the criteria established under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (See “Note 5 - Held for Sale/Disposed Assets”). Properties held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell and are not depreciated while they are held for sale.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consists of cash held in a major banking institution and other highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are generally invested in U.S. government securities, government agency securities or money market accounts.
Restricted Cash. Restricted cash includes cash held in escrow in connection with property acquisitions and reserves for certain capital improvements, leasing, interest and real estate tax and insurance payments as required by certain mortgage loan obligations.
The following summarizes the reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

| For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | $ | 31,004 |  |  | $ | 35,710 |
Restricted cash | 3,475 |  |  | 7,090 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 34,479 |  |  | 42,800 |
Ending |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 117,188 |  |  | 27,701 |
Restricted cash | 2,976 |  |  | 5,510 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 120,164 |  |  | 33,211 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 85,685 |  |  | $ | (9,589 | )

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Revenue Recognition. The Company records rental revenue from operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases and maintains an allowance for estimated losses that may result from the inability of its tenants to make required payments. If tenants fail to make contractual lease payments that are greater than the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts, security deposits and letters of credit, then the Company may have to recognize additional doubtful account charges in future periods. The Company monitors the liquidity and creditworthiness of its tenants on an on-going basis by reviewing their financial condition periodically as appropriate. Each period the Company reviews its outstanding accounts receivable, including straight-line rents, for doubtful accounts and provides allowances as needed. The Company also records lease termination fees when a tenant has executed a definitive termination agreement with the Company and the payment of the termination fee is not subject to any conditions that must be met or waived before the fee is due to the Company. If a tenant remains in the leased space following the execution of a definitive termination agreement, the applicable termination will be deferred and recognized over the term of such tenant’s occupancy. Tenant expense reimbursement income includes payments and amounts due from tenants pursuant to their leases for real estate taxes, insurance and other recoverable property operating expenses and is recognized as revenues during the same period the related expenses are incurred.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, approximately $25.8 million and $25.7 million of straight-line rent and accounts receivable, net of allowances of approximately $0.3 million and $0.2 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were included as a component of other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”), using the modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of the Company’s adoption. Under the modified retrospective approach, an entity may also elect to apply this standard to either (i) all contracts as of January 1, 2018 or (ii) only to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. A completed contract is a contract for which all (or substantially all) of the revenue was recognized under legacy GAAP that was in effect before the date of initial application. The Company elected to apply this standard only to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Based on the Company’s evaluation of contracts within the scope of ASU No. 2014-09, the guidance impacts revenue related to the sales of real estate, which is evaluated in conjunction with ASC 610-20, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (“ASC 610-20”) (see below).
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the guidance of ASC 610-20, which applies to sales or transfers to noncustomers of nonfinancial assets or in substance nonfinancial assets that do not meet the definition of a business. Generally, the Company’s sales of real estate would be considered a sale of a nonfinancial asset as defined by ASC 610-20. ASC 610-20 refers to the revenue recognition principles under ASU No. 2014-09 (see above). Under ASC 610-20, if the Company determines it does not have a controlling financial interest in the entity that holds the asset and the arrangement meets the criteria to be accounted for as a contract, the Company will derecognize the asset and recognize a gain or loss on the sale of the real estate when control of the underlying asset transfers to the buyer. As a result of adoption of the standard, there was no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Deferred Financing Costs. Costs incurred in connection with financings are capitalized and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the related loan. Deferred financing costs associated with the Company’s revolving credit facility are classified as an asset and deferred financing costs associated with debt liabilities are reported as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Deferred financing costs related to the revolving credit facility and debt liabilities are shown at cost, net of accumulated amortization in the aggregate of approximately $7.5 million and $6.9 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Income Taxes. The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code and operates as such beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2010. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders. If it fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the IRS grants it relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect the Company’s net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company believes it is organized and operates in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
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ASC 740-10, Income Taxes (“ASC 740-10”), provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented and disclosed in the financial statements. ASC 740-10 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recorded as a tax expense in the current year. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits and does not believe that there will be any material changes in unrecognized tax positions over the next 12 months. The Company’s tax returns are subject to examination by federal, state and local tax jurisdictions beginning with the 2010 calendar year.
Stock-Based Compensation and Other Long-Term Incentive Compensation. The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to account for its stock-based compensation plan, which requires that the compensation cost relating to stock-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements and that the cost be measured on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. The Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, performance share awards, unrestricted shares or any combination of the foregoing. Stock-based compensation is recognized as a general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company estimates the forfeiture rate based on historical experience as well as expected behavior. The amount of the expense may be subject to adjustment in future periods depending on the specific characteristics of the stock-based award.
In addition, the Company has awarded long-term incentive target awards (the “Performance Share awards”) under an Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan to its executives that may be payable in shares of the Company’s common stock after the conclusion of each pre-established performance measurement period, which is generally three years. The amount that may be earned is variable depending on the relative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock as compared to the total shareholder return of the MSCI U.S. REIT Index (RMS) and the FTSE Nareit Equity Industrial Index over the pre-established performance measurement period. On January 8, 2019, the Company amended and restated its Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “Amended LTIP”). Under the Amended LTIP, each participant’s Performance Share award granted on or after January 1, 2019 will be expressed as a number of shares of common stock and settled in shares of common stock. Target awards were previously expressed as a dollar amount and settled in shares of common stock. Commencing with Performance Share awards granted on or after January 1, 2019, the grant date fair value of the Performance Share awards will be determined under current accounting treatment using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period. For Performance Share awards granted prior to January 1, 2019, the Company estimates the fair value of the Performance Share awards using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant and at each reporting period. The Performance Share awards granted prior to January 1, 2019 are recognized as compensation expense over the requisite performance period based on the fair value of the Performance Share awards at the balance sheet date and vary quarter to quarter based on the Company’s relative share price performance.
Use of Derivative Financial Instruments. ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (See “Note 9 – Derivative Financial Instruments”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why the Company uses derivative instruments, (b) how the Company accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect the Company’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments.
The Company records all derivatives on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) (See “Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements”), defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 also provides guidance for using fair value to measure financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 requires disclosure of the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall, including measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active (Level 2), and significant valuation assumptions that are not readily observable in the market (Level 3).
New Accounting Standards. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU No. 2016-02”). The amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 change the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 was permitted. ASU No. 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. Upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the package of practical expedients for all leases that commenced before the effective date of January 1, 2019. Accordingly, the Company did not 1) reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, 2) reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing lease, and 3) reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company did not elect the practical expedient related to using hindsight to reevaluate the lease term.
ASU No. 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: 1) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and 2) a right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”), which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU No. 2016-02 also requires lessees to classify leases as either a finance or operating lease based on whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification is used to evaluate whether the lease expense should be recognized based on an effective interest method as a finance lease or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease as an operating lease. The Company is the lessee of one office space, which was classified as an operating lease under Topic 840. As the Company elected the package of practical expedients as described above, the classification of existing leases was not reassessed and as such, this lease continues to be accounted for as an operating lease.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements (“ASU No. 2018-11”), which provides lessors with a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and, instead to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the new revenue recognition standard (Topic 606) and if certain conditions are met. Upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, the Company adopted this practical expedient, specifically related to its tenant reimbursements which would otherwise be accounted for under the new revenue recognition standard. The Company believes the two conditions have been met for tenant reimbursements as 1) the timing and pattern of transfer of the nonlease components and associated lease components are the same and 2) the non-lease component is not the predominant component in the arrangement. In addition, ASU No. 2018-11 provides an additional optional transition method to allow entities to apply the new lease accounting standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. An entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new lease accounting standard will continue to be reported under the current lease accounting standards of Topic 840. The Company adopted this transition method upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 on January 1, 2019. There was no cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings upon adoption.
In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842), Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors (“ASU No. 2018-20”), which permits lessors, as an accounting policy election, to not evaluate whether certain sales taxes and other similar taxes are lessor costs or lessee costs and instead to account for these costs as if they were lessee costs. In addition, ASU No. 2018-20 requires lessors to 1) exclude lessor costs paid directly by lessees to third parties on the lessor’s behalf from variable payments and 2) include lessor costs that are reimbursed by the lessee in the measurement of variable lease revenue and the associated expense. The amendments also clarify that lessors are required to allocate the variable payments to the lease and non-lease components and follow the recognition guidance in Topic 842 for the lease component and other applicable guidance, such as ASU No. 2014-09, for the non-lease component.
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As a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, ASU No. 2018-11, and ASC No. 2018-20, there was no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a lessor or lessee. In accordance with the guidance, the Company has combined rental revenues and tenant expense reimbursements on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company does not currently capitalize internal leasing costs. In addition, on January 1, 2019, the Company recognized a lease liability of approximately $0.9 million and a related ROU asset of approximately $0.8 million on its consolidated balance sheets, based on the present value of lease payments for the remaining term of the Company’s corporate office lease, which was approximately 3.5 years as of the adoption date. As the rate implicit in the lease was not readily determinate, the discount rate applied to measure the lease liability and ROU asset was based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate of 2.70% as of the adoption date. Lease liability is included as a component of accounts payable and other liabilities and ROU asset is included as a component of other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. All operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of June 30, 2019, the lease liability was approximately $0.8 million and the ROU asset was approximately $0.7 million.
Segment Disclosure. ASC 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about an enterprise’s reportable segments. The Company has determined that it has one reportable segment, with activities related to investing in real estate. The Company’s investments in real estate are geographically diversified and the chief operating decision makers evaluate operating performance on an individual asset level. As each of the Company’s assets has similar economic characteristics, the assets have been aggregated into one reportable segment.
Note 3. Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company may maintain deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. However, the Company’s management believes the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.
As of June 30, 2019, the Company owned 59 buildings aggregating approximately 3.3 million square feet and eight land parcels consisting of approximately 46.7 acres located in Northern New Jersey/New York City, which accounted for a combined percentage of approximately 28.5% of its annualized base rent, and 35 buildings aggregating approximately 2.4 million square feet and five land parcels consisting of approximately 10.1 acres located in Los Angeles, which accounted for a combined percentage of approximately 16.3% of its annualized base rent. Such annualized base rent percentages are based on contractual base rent from leases in effect as of June 30, 2019, excluding any partial or full rent abatements.
Other real estate companies compete with the Company in its real estate markets. This results in competition for tenants to occupy space. The existence of competing properties could have a material impact on the Company’s ability to lease space and on the level of rent that can be achieved. The Company had no tenants that accounted for greater than 10% of its rental revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Note 4. Investments in Real Estate
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired two industrial buildings containing approximately 119,000 square feet. The total aggregate initial investment, including acquisition costs, was approximately $51.2 million, of which $34.8 million was recorded to land, $13.1 million to buildings and improvements, and $3.3 million to intangible assets. Additionally, the Company assumed $3.1 million in intangible liabilities.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired four industrial buildings containing approximately 165,000 square feet and two improved land parcels containing approximately 19.7 acres. The total aggregate initial investment, including acquisition costs, was approximately $119.4 million, of which $94.4 million was recorded to land, $17.8 million to buildings and improvements, and $7.2 million to intangible assets. Additionally, the Company assumed $6.4 million in intangible liabilities.
The Company recorded revenues and net income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 of approximately $1.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and recorded revenues and net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of approximately $1.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to the 2019 acquisitions.
During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company acquired two industrial buildings containing approximately 50,000 square feet and one improved land parcel containing approximately 3.5 acres. The total aggregate initial investment, including acquisition costs, was approximately $15.8 million, of which $10.8 million was recorded to land, $3.7 million to buildings and improvements, and $1.3 million to intangible assets. Additionally, the Company assumed $0.4 million in intangible liabilities.
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During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company acquired five industrial buildings containing approximately 468,000 square feet, including two buildings under redevelopment that upon completion will contain approximately 318,000 square feet, and one improved land parcel containing approximately 3.5 acres. The total aggregate initial investment, including acquisition costs, was approximately $103.7 million, of which $74.4 million was recorded to land, $25.4 million to buildings and improvements, and $3.9 million to intangible assets. Additionally, the Company assumed $2.7 million in intangible liabilities.
The Company recorded revenues and net income for the three months ended June 30, 2018 of approximately $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and recorded revenues and net income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 of approximately $1.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to the 2018 acquisitions.
The above assets and liabilities were recorded at fair value, which uses Level 3 inputs. The properties were acquired from unrelated third parties using existing cash on hand, proceeds from property sales, issuance of common stock and borrowings on the revolving credit facility.
As of June 30, 2019, the Company has four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) that upon completion will contain approximately 0.6 million square feet with a total expected investment of approximately $129.3 million, including redevelopment costs of approximately $51.3 million. As of June 30, 2019, one of the properties under redevelopment was under contract to sell for approximately $14.0 million (See “Note 5 - Held for Sale/Disposed Assets”). During the first quarter of 2019, the Company completed redevelopment of its 1775 NW 70th Avenue property in Miami, Florida, an approximately 65,000 square foot redevelopment property. The total investment was approximately $10.0 million. The Company capitalized interest associated with redevelopment and expansion activities of approximately $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and approximately $1.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
Note 5. Held for Sale/Disposed Assets
The Company considers a property to be held for sale when it meets the criteria established under ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment. Properties held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell and are not depreciated while they are held for sale. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has entered into an agreement with a third-party purchaser to sell one property located in the Miami market for a sales price of approximately $14.0 million (net book value of approximately $11.6 million). The sale of the property is subject to various closing conditions. The property is currently under redevelopment and its carrying amount is included as a component of construction in progress in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The following summarizes the condensed results of operations of the property held for sale as of June 30, 2019 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 248 |
Property operating expenses |  | (34 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | (50 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (39 | )
Income from operations |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 159 |

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company sold one property located in the Los Angeles market for a sales price of approximately $12.4 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $4.5 million.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company sold one property located in the Washington, D.C. market for a sales price of approximately $20.3 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $3.3 million, and one property located in the Miami market for a sales price of approximately $24.3 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $11.7 million.
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Note 6. Senior Secured Loan
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had a Senior Secured Loan outstanding to a borrower that bears interest at a fixed annual interest rate of 8.0% and matures in May 2020. The Senior Secured Loan is secured by a portfolio of seven improved land parcels primarily located in Newark, New Jersey. One of the properties securing the Senior Secured Loan may be put to the Company as partial or full repayment of the Senior Secured Loan at a previously agreed upon value. This property may be called by the Company as partial or full repayment of the Senior Secured Loan at a previously agreed upon value. In addition, per the terms of the Senior Secured Loan, the borrower may repay the loan at any time with either cash or deed in lieu, with the deed subject to the Company’s approval. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired two properties that were securing the Senior Secured Loan for a previously agreed upon aggregate purchase price which approximated their fair value of approximately $39.1 million, which resulted in an approximately $39.1 million reduction in the amount outstanding under the Senior Secured Loan. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was approximately $15.8 million and $54.5 million, respectively, net of deferred loan fees of approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan and approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest receivable outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan. Interest receivable is included as a component of other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Note 7. Debt
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in September 2022, $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in July 2024, $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in July 2026, $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in October 2027 (collectively, the “Senior Unsecured Notes”), and a credit facility (the “Facility”), which consists of a $250.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility that matures in October 2022, a $50.0 million term loan that matures in August 2021 and a $100.0 million term loan that matures in January 2022. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was $0 and $19.0 million, respectively, of borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit facility and $150.0 million of borrowings outstanding on the term loans. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had two interest rate caps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with $100.0 million of its existing $150.0 million variable-rate term loans. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had three interest rate caps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with its existing $150.0 million variable-rate term loans. See “Note 9 - Derivative Financial Instruments” for more information regarding the Company’s interest rate caps.
The aggregate amount of the Facility may be increased to a total of up to $600.0 million, subject to the approval of the administrative agent and the identification of lenders willing to make available additional amounts. Outstanding borrowings under the Facility are limited to the lesser of (i) the sum of the $150.0 million of term loans and the $250.0 million revolving credit facility, or (ii) 60.0% of the value of the unencumbered properties. Interest on the Facility, including the term loans, is generally to be paid based upon, at the Company’s option, either (i) LIBOR plus the applicable LIBOR margin or (ii) the applicable base rate which is the greatest of the administrative agent’s prime rate, 0.50% above the federal funds effective rate, or thirty-day LIBOR plus the applicable LIBOR margin for LIBOR rate loans under the Facility plus 1.25%. The applicable LIBOR margin will range from 1.05% to 1.50% (1.05% as of June 30, 2019) for the revolving credit facility and 1.20% to 1.70% (1.20% as of June 30, 2019) for the $50.0 million term loan that matures in August 2021 and the $100.0 million term loan that matures in January 2022, depending on the ratio of the Company’s outstanding consolidated indebtedness to the value of the Company’s consolidated gross asset value. The Facility requires quarterly payments of an annual facility fee in an amount ranging from 0.15% to 0.30%, depending on the ratio of the Company’s outstanding consolidated indebtedness to the value of the Company’s consolidated gross asset value.
The Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes are guaranteed by the Company and by substantially all of the current and to-be-formed subsidiaries of the Company that own an unencumbered property. The Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes are unsecured by the Company’s properties or by interests in the subsidiaries that hold such properties. The Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes include a series of financial and other covenants with which the Company must comply. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
The Company has mortgage loans payable which are collateralized by certain of the properties and require monthly interest and principal payments until maturity and are generally non-recourse. The mortgage loans mature between 2020 and 2021. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had two mortgage loans payable, net of deferred financing costs, totaling approximately $45.1 million, which bear interest at a weighted average fixed annual rate of 4.1%. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had two mortgage loans payable, net of deferred financing costs, totaling approximately $45.8 million, which bore interest at a weighted average fixed annual interest rate of 4.1%. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the total gross book value of the properties securing the debt was approximately $114.6 million and $114.5 million, respectively.
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The scheduled principal payments of the Company’s debt as of June 30, 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Credit Facility |  | Term Loans |  | Senior Unsecured Notes |  | Mortgage Loans Payable |  | Total Debt
2019 (6 months) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 764 |
2020 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,077 |  |  | 33,077 |
2021 | — |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,271 |  |  | 61,271 |
2022 | — |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |
2023 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Thereafter | — |  |  | — |  |  | 200,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,000 |
Total debt | — |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | 45,112 |  |  | 445,112 |
Deferred financing costs, net | — |  |  | (769 | ) |  | (1,587 | ) |  | (62 | ) |  | (2,418 | )
Total debt, net | $ | — |  |  | $ | 149,231 |  |  | $ | 248,413 |  |  | $ | 45,050 |  |  | $ | 442,694 |
Weighted average interest rate | n/a |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 3.9 | %

Note 8. Leasing
The following is a schedule of minimum future cash rentals on tenant operating leases in effect as of June 30, 2019. The schedule does not reflect future rental revenues from the renewal or replacement of existing leases and excludes property operating expense reimbursements (dollars in thousands):

2019 (6 months) | $ | 63,982 |
2020 | 117,081 |
2021 | 102,089 |
2022 | 84,177 |
2023 | 64,175 |
Thereafter | 178,399 |
Total | $ | 609,903 |

Note 9. Derivative Financial Instruments
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of its known or expected cash payments principally related to its borrowings.
Derivative Instruments
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty at the end of each period in which the interest rate exceeds the agreed fixed price. The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The Company requires that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. As a result, there is no significant ineffectiveness from any of its derivative activities.
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The accounting for changes in fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. For a derivative that is designated and that qualifies as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Amounts recorded in AOCI are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings.
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had two interest rate caps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with $100.0 million of its existing $150.0 million variable-rate term loans. The caps have an aggregate notional value of $100.0 million and will effectively cap the annual interest rate payable at 4.0% plus 1.20% to 1.70%, depending on leverage, with respect to $50.0 million for the period from December 1, 2014 (effective date) to May 4, 2021 and $50.0 million for the period from September 1, 2015 (effective date) to February 3, 2020. The Company previously had an interest rate cap with a notional value of $50.0 million (which expired on April 1, 2019) to hedge the variable cash flows associated with $50.0 million of its existing $150.0 million variable-rate term loans. The Company is required to make certain monthly variable rate payments on the term loans, while the applicable counterparty is obligated to make certain monthly floating rate payments based on LIBOR to the Company in the event LIBOR is greater than 4.0%, referencing the same notional amount.
The Company records all derivative instruments on a gross basis in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and accordingly, there are no offsetting amounts that net assets against liabilities. The following table presents a summary of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments (dollars in thousands):

Derivative Instrument | Effective Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Interest Rate Strike |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount
|  |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate cap | 12/1/2014 |  | 5/4/2021 |  | 4.0 | % |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 50,000 |  |  | $ | 50,000 |
Interest rate cap | 9/1/2015 |  | 4/1/2019 |  | 4.0 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,000 |
Interest rate cap | 9/1/2015 |  | 2/3/2020 |  | 4.0 | % |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 50,000 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to interest expense in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings on the Company’s variable rate debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings into interest expense.
The following table presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on its accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Interest rate caps in cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain recognized in AOCI on derivatives (effective portion) | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Amount of gain reclassified from AOCI into interest expense (effective portion) | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 131 |

The Company estimates that approximately $0.3 million will be reclassified from AOCI as an increase to interest expense over the next twelve months.
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Note 10. Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820 requires disclosure of the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall, including measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active (Level 2), and significant valuation assumptions that are not readily observable in the market (Level 3).
Recurring Measurements – Interest Rate Contracts
Fair Value of Interest Rate Caps
Currently, the Company uses interest rate cap agreements to manage its interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivatives. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. As of June 30, 2019, the Company applied the provisions of this standard to the valuation of its interest rate caps.
The following sets forth the Company’s financial instruments that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

| Fair Value Measurement Using
| Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate caps at: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2018 | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |

Financial Instruments Disclosed at Fair Value
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these investments or liabilities based on Level 1 inputs. The fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments were evaluated based on Level 2 inputs. The fair values of the Company’s mortgage loans payable and Senior Unsecured Notes were estimated by calculating the present value of principal and interest payments, based on borrowing rates available to the Company, which are Level 2 inputs, adjusted with a credit spread, as applicable, and assuming the loans are outstanding through maturity. The fair value of the Company’s Facility approximated its carrying value because the variable interest rates approximate market borrowing rates available to the Company, which are Level 2 inputs. The fair value of the Company’s Senior Secured Loan approximated its carrying value because the interest rate approximates the market lending rate available to the borrower, which is a Level 2 input.
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The following table sets forth the carrying value and the estimated fair value of the Company’s Senior Secured Loan and debt as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

| Fair Value Measurement Using |  |
| Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Carrying Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior secured loan at: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 | $ | 15,915 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,915 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,773 |
December 31, 2018 | $ | 55,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,492 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt at: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 | $ | 446,067 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 446,067 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 442,694 |
December 31, 2018 | $ | 455,159 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 455,159 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 462,097 |

Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity
The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 400,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. The Company has an at-the-market equity offering program (the “$300 Million ATM Program”) pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $300.0 million ($235.9 million remaining as of June 30, 2019) in amounts and at times to be determined by the Company from time to time. Prior to the implementation of the $300 Million ATM Program, the Company had a $250.0 million ATM program (the “$250 Million ATM Program”), which was substantially utilized as of June 30, 2019 and which is no longer active, and a $200.0 million ATM program (the “$200 Million ATM Program”), which was substantially utilized as of June 30, 2018 and which is no longer active. Actual sales under the $300 Million ATM Program, if any, will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock, determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and potential uses of funding available to the Company. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,375,270 and 4,364,071 shares, respectively, of common stock at a weighted average offering price of $45.76 and $43.77 per share, respectively, under the $300 Million ATM Program and the $250 Million ATM Program, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $107.1 million and $188.2 million, respectively, and paying total compensation to the applicable sales agents of approximately $1.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,826,167 and 2,885,401 shares, respectively, of common stock at a weighted average offering price of $37.48 and $37.43 per share, respectively, under the $250 Million ATM Program and the $200 Million ATM Program, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $104.4 million and $106.4 million, respectively, and paying total compensation to the applicable sales agents of approximately $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
The Company has a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to 3,000,000 shares of its outstanding common stock from time to time through December 31, 2020. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by the Company in its discretion and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had no t repurchased any shares of stock pursuant to its share repurchase authorization.
In connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on April 30, 2019, the Company granted a total of 11,200 shares of unrestricted stock to its independent directors under the 2019 Plan with a grant date fair value per share of $44.65. The grant date fair value of the unrestricted common stock was determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The Company recognized approximately $0.5 million in compensation costs for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 related to this issuance.
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On April 30, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2019 Plan, which replaces the Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). The 2019 Plan permits the grant of restricted stock awards, performance share awards and unrestricted stock awards. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan is 1,898,961, which consists of (i) 1,510,079 shares initially reserved and available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and (ii) 388,882 shares underlying outstanding awards under the 2010 Plan, which if forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated under the 2010 Plan shall be added to the shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. No further awards will be made under the 2010 Plan.
As of June 30, 2019, there were 1,898,961 shares of common stock authorized for issuance as restricted stock grants, unrestricted stock awards or Performance Share awards under the 2019 Plan, of which 1,517,560 were remaining available for issuance. The grant date fair value per share of restricted stock awards issued during the period from February 16, 2010 (commencement of operations) to June 30, 2019 ranged from $14.20 to $40.29. The fair value of the restricted stock that was granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was approximately $1.2 million and the vesting period for the restricted stock is five years. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $3.9 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock issuances, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of approximately 2.9 years. The Company recognized compensation costs of approximately $0.4 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and approximately $0.9 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 related to the restricted stock issuances.
The following is a summary of the total restricted shares granted to the Company’s executive officers and employees with the related weighted average grant date fair value share prices for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
Restricted Stock Activity:

| Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018 | 383,930 |  |  | $ | 22.98 |
Granted | 30,294 |  |  | 40.29 |
Forfeited | (28,656 | ) |  | 30.26 |
Vested | (15,367 | ) |  | 23.90 |
Non-vested shares outstanding as of June 30, 2019 | 370,201 |  |  | $ | 23.79 |

The following is a vesting schedule of the total non-vested shares of restricted stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019:

Non-vested Shares Vesting Schedule |  | Number of Shares
2019 (6 months) |  | — |
2020 |  | 303,857 |
2021 |  | 14,600 |
2022 |  | 11,937 |
2023 |  | 35,343 |
Thereafter |  | 4,464 |
Total non-vested shares |  | 370,201 |

Long-Term Incentive Plan:
As of June 30, 2019, there are three open performance measurement periods for the Performance Share awards: January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, and January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued 196,087 shares of common stock at a price of $36.55 per share related to the Performance Share awards for the performance period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. The expense related to the open Performance Share awards granted prior to January 1, 2019 varies quarter to quarter based on the Company’s relative share price performance.
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The following table summarizes certain information with respect to the Performance Share awards granted prior to January 1, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Performance Share Period | Fair Value June 30, 2019 |  | Accrual June 30, 2019 |  | Expense for the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Expense for the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
January 1, 2018 - December 31, 2020 | $ | 6,065 |  |  | $ | 3,021 |  |  | $ | 1,295 |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | 1,886 |  |  | 523 |
January 1, 2017 - December 31, 2019 | 7,161 |  |  | 5,958 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 1,884 |  |  | 1,109 |
January 1, 2016 - December 31, 2018 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 579 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,393 |
Total | $ | 13,226 |  |  | $ | 8,979 |  |  | $ | 2,392 |  |  | $ | 1,367 |  |  | $ | 3,770 |  |  | $ | 3,025 |

On January 8, 2019, the Company amended and restated its Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan. Under the Amended LTIP, each participant’s Performance Share target award for target awards granted on or after January 1, 2019 will be expressed as a number of shares of common stock and settled in shares of common stock. Target awards were previously expressed as a dollar amount and settled in shares of common stock. Commencing with Performance Share awards granted on or after January 1, 2019, the grant date fair value of the Performance Share awards will be determined under current accounting treatment using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period.
The following table summarizes certain information with respect to the Performance Share awards granted on or after January 1, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Performance Share Period | Fair Value on Date of Grant |  | Expense for the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Expense for the Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
January 1, 2019 - December 31, 2021 | $ | 4,829 |  |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | — |

Dividends:
The following table sets forth the cash dividends paid or payable per share during the six months ended June 30, 2019:

For the Three Months Ended | Security |  | Dividend per Share |  | Declaration Date |  | Record Date |  | Date Paid
March 31, 2019 | Common stock |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | February 5, 2019 |  | March 29, 2019 |  | April 12, 2019
June 30, 2019 | Common stock |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | April 30, 2019 |  | July 5, 2019 |  | July 19, 2019

Note 12. Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Pursuant to ASC 260-10-45, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities, unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and are included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method of computing earnings per share allocates earnings per share for common stock and any participating securities according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under the two-class method, earnings per common share are computed by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common stockholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company’s non-vested shares of restricted stock are considered participating securities since these share-based awards contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends irrespective of whether the awards ultimately vest or expire. The Company had no dilutive restricted stock awards outstanding for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
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In accordance with the Company’s policies of determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities and accounting for earnings per share, the net income (loss) per common share is adjusted for earnings distributed through declared dividends (if any) and allocated to all participating securities (weighted average common shares outstanding and unvested restricted shares outstanding) under the two-class method. Under this method, allocations were made to 385,587 and 357,018 of weighted average unvested restricted shares outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 387,542 and 358,253 of weighted average unvested restricted shares outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Performance Share awards which may be payable in shares of the Company’s common stock after the conclusion of each pre-established performance measurement period are included as contingently issuable shares in the calculation of diluted weighted average common shares of stock outstanding assuming the reporting period is the end of the measurement period, and the effect is dilutive. Diluted shares related to the Performance Share awards were 294,570 and 0 for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies
Contractual Commitments. As of July 31, 2019, the Company has six outstanding contracts with third-party sellers to acquire six industrial properties consisting of approximately 361,000 square feet and one improved land parcel containing approximately 2.0 acres. There is no assurance that the Company will acquire the properties under contract because the proposed acquisitions are subject to the completion of satisfactory due diligence and various closing conditions.
The following table summarizes certain information with respect to the properties the Company has under contract:

Market | Number of Buildings |  | Square Feet |  | Purchase Price (in thousands) |  | Assumed Debt (in thousands)
Los Angeles | 7 |  |  | 82,884 |  |  | $ | 23,525 |  |  | $ | — |
Northern New Jersey/New York City 1 | 2 |  |  | 195,598 |  |  | 84,525 |  |  | — |
San Francisco Bay Area | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Seattle | 2 |  |  | 82,245 |  |  | 12,850 |  |  | — |
Miami | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Washington, D.C. | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 11 |  |  | 360,727 |  |  | $ | 120,900 |  |  | $ | — |

1 | Includes one improved land parcel containing approximately 2.0 acres.

As of July 31, 2019, the Company has executed two non-binding letters of intent with third-party sellers to acquire two industrial properties consisting of approximately 92,000 square feet for a total anticipated purchase price of approximately $19.0 million. In the normal course of its business, the Company enters into non-binding letters of intent to purchase properties from third parties that may obligate the Company to make payments or perform other obligations upon the occurrence of certain events, including the execution of a purchase and sale agreement and satisfactory completion of various due diligence matters. There can be no assurance that the Company will enter into purchase and sale agreements with respect to these properties or otherwise complete any such prospective purchases on the terms described or at all.
As of July 31, 2019, the Company has one outstanding contract with a third-party purchaser to sell one property for a sales price of approximately $14.0 million (net book value of approximately $11.6 million). There is no assurance the Company will sell the property under contract because the proposed disposition is subject to various closing conditions.
Note 14. Subsequent Events
On July 26, 2019, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend in the amount of $0.27 per share of its common stock payable on October 18, 2019 to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on October 4, 2019.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We caution investors that forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “project”, “result”, “should”, “will”, “seek”, “target”, “see”, “likely”, “position”, “opportunity”, “outlook” and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

• | the factors included under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2019 and in our other public filings;

• | our ability to identify and acquire industrial properties on terms favorable to us;

• | general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock;

• | adverse economic or real estate conditions or developments in the industrial real estate sector and/or in the markets in which we acquire properties;

• | our dependence on key personnel and our reliance on third-party property managers;

• | our inability to comply with the laws, rules and regulations applicable to companies, and in particular, public companies;

• | our ability to manage our growth effectively;

• | tenant bankruptcies and defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants;

• | decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates;

• | increased interest rates and operating costs;

• | declining real estate valuations and impairment charges;

• | our expected leverage, our failure to obtain necessary outside financing, and existing and future debt service obligations;

• | our ability to make distributions to our stockholders;

• | our failure to successfully hedge against interest rate increases;

• | our failure to successfully operate acquired properties;

• | risks relating to our real estate redevelopment, renovation and expansion strategies and activities;

• | our failure to qualify or maintain our status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and possible adverse changes to tax laws;

• | uninsured or underinsured losses and costs relating to our properties or that otherwise result from future litigation;

• | environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural disasters;

• | financial market fluctuations; and

• | changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates.

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Overview
Terreno Realty Corporation (“Terreno”, and together with its subsidiaries, “we”, “us”, “our”, “our Company”, or “the Company”) acquires, owns and operates industrial real estate in six major coastal U.S. markets: Los Angeles, Northern New Jersey/New York City, San Francisco Bay Area, Seattle, Miami, and Washington, D.C. We invest in several types of industrial real estate, including warehouse/distribution buildings, flex buildings (including light industrial and research and development, or R&D), transshipment buildings, and improved land parcels. We target functional buildings in infill locations that may be shared by multiple tenants and that cater to customer demand within the various submarkets in which we operate. Infill locations are geographic locations surrounded by high concentrations of already developed land and existing buildings. As of June 30, 2019, we owned a total of 209 buildings aggregating approximately 13.0 million square feet that were approximately 97.9% leased to 456 customers, the largest of which accounted for approximately 3.7% of our total annualized base rent, 17 improved land parcels consisting of approximately 74.7 acres that were approximately 93.0% leased to 20 customers and four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) expected to contain approximately 0.6 million square feet upon completion. Improved land is used for truck, trailer and container storage and/or car parking. In the future, we may redevelop some or all of such land. We are an internally managed Maryland corporation and elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010.
The following table summarizes by type our investments in real estate as of June 30, 2019:

Type | Number of Buildings or Improved Land Parcels |  | Annualized Base Rent (000's) 1 |  | % of Total
Warehouse/distribution | 183 |  |  | $ | 104,894 |  |  | 81.4 | %
Flex | 12 |  |  | 10,718 |  |  | 8.3 | %
Transshipment | 14 |  |  | 5,900 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Improved land | 17 |  |  | 7,408 |  |  | 5.7 | %
Total/Weighted Average | 226 |  |  | $ | 128,920 |  |  | 100.0 | %

1 | Annualized base rent is calculated as contractual monthly base rent per the leases, excluding any partial or full rent abatements, as of June 30, 2019, multiplied by 12.

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The following table summarizes by market our investments in real estate as of June 30, 2019:

|  | Los Angeles |  | Northern New Jersey/New York City |  | San Francisco Bay Area |  | Seattle |  | Miami |  | Washington, D.C. |  | Total/Weighted Average
Investments in Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Buildings |  | 35 |  | 59 |  | 39 |  | 25 |  | 28 |  | 23 |  | 209
Rentable Square Feet |  | 2,441,026 |  | 3,305,629 |  | 1,935,725 |  | 1,665,625 |  | 1,563,352 |  | 2,059,482 |  | 12,970,839
% of Total |  | 18.8 | % |  | 25.5 | % |  | 14.9 | % |  | 12.8 | % |  | 12.1 | % |  | 15.9 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Occupancy % as of June 30, 2019 |  | 97.6 | % |  | 98.8 | % |  | 97.4 | % |  | 98.8 | % |  | 98.4 | % |  | 95.9 | % |  | 97.9 | %
Annualized Base Rent (000’s) 1 |  | $ | 20,155 |  |  | $ | 31,532 |  |  | $ | 22,941 |  |  | $ | 14,179 |  |  | $ | 13,347 |  |  | $ | 19,358 |  |  | $ | 121,512 |
% of Total |  | 16.6 | % |  | 25.9 | % |  | 18.9 | % |  | 11.7 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 15.9 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Annualized Base Rent 1 Per Occupied Square Foot |  | $ | 8.46 |  |  | $ | 9.65 |  |  | $ | 12.18 |  |  | $ | 8.61 |  |  | $ | 8.68 |  |  | $ | 9.80 |  |  | $ | 9.57 |
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) 2 |  | 7.2 |  | 4.0 |  | 3.8 |  | 3.7 |  | 4.1 |  | 3.9 |  | 4.5
Investments in Improved Land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of Land Parcels |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |
Acres |  | 10.1 |  |  | 46.7 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 74.7 |
% of Total |  | 13.5 | % |  | 62.6 | % |  | 1.7 | % |  | — |  |  | 4.3 | % |  | 17.9 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Occupancy % as of June 30, 2019 |  | 47.8 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | — |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 93.0 | %
Annualized Base Rent (000’s) 1 |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 5,174 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 7,408 |
% of Total |  | 11.9 | % |  | 69.9 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | — |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | 10.3 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Annualized Base Rent 1 Per Occupied Square Foot |  | $ | 4.27 |  |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 3.54 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.86 |  |  | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 2.48 |
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years) 2 |  | 2.5 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 4.7 |
Total Investments in Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Annualized Base Rent (000’s) 1 |  | $ | 21,035 |  |  | $ | 36,706 |  |  | $ | 23,136 |  |  | $ | 14,179 |  |  | $ | 13,742 |  |  | $ | 20,122 |  |  | $ | 128,920 |
Gross Book Value (000’s) 3 |  | $ | 379,399 |  |  | $ | 536,465 |  |  | $ | 340,123 |  |  | $ | 280,133 |  |  | $ | 177,174 |  |  | $ | 274,056 |  |  | $ | 1,987,350 |

1 | Annualized base rent is calculated as contractual monthly base rent per the leases, excluding any partial or full rent abatements, as of June 30, 2019, multiplied by 12.

2 | Weighted average remaining lease term is calculated by summing the remaining lease term of each lease as of June 30, 2019, weighted by the respective square footage.

3 | Includes four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) expected to contain approximately 0.6 million square feet upon completion as discussed below.

As of June 30, 2019, we owned four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) expected to contain approximately 0.6 million square feet upon completion with a total expected investment of approximately $129.3 million, including redevelopment costs of approximately $51.3 million.
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The following table summarizes our capital expenditures incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Building improvements | $ | 4,395 |  |  | $ | 5,406 |  |  | $ | 9,442 |  |  | $ | 7,748 |
Tenant improvements | 1,192 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 1,927 |  |  | 1,622 |
Leasing commissions | 1,290 |  |  | 1,572 |  |  | 3,101 |  |  | 2,710 |
Redevelopment, renovation and expansion | 9,588 |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | 16,172 |  |  | 2,895 |
Total capital expenditures 1 | $ | 16,465 |  |  | $ | 9,833 |  |  | $ | 30,642 |  |  | $ | 14,975 |

1 | Includes approximately $13.8 million and $6.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $22.2 million and $8.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to leasing acquired vacancy, redevelopment construction in progress and renovation and expansion projects (stabilization capital) at 13 properties for both the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and at 14 and 17 properties for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Our industrial properties are typically subject to leases on a “triple net basis,” in which tenants pay their proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance and operating costs, or are subject to leases on a “modified gross basis,” in which tenants pay expenses over certain threshold levels. In addition, approximately 92.4% of our leased space includes fixed rental increases or Consumer Price Index-based rental increases. Lease terms typically range from three to ten years. We monitor the liquidity and creditworthiness of our tenants on an on-going basis by reviewing outstanding accounts receivable balances, and as provided under the respective lease agreements, review the tenant’s financial condition periodically as appropriate. As needed, we hold discussions with the tenant’s management about their business and we conduct site visits of the tenant’s operations.
Our top 20 customers based on annualized base rent as of June 30, 2019 are as follows:

| Customer | Leases |  | Rentable Square Feet |  | % of Total Rentable Square Feet |  | Annualized Base Rent (000’s) 1 |  | % of Total Annualized Base Rent
1 | United States Government | 9 |  |  | 381,431 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | $ | 4,820 |  |  | 3.7 | %
2 | FedEx Corporation 2 | 7 |  |  | 490,779 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | 4,814 |  |  | 3.7 | %
3 | Amazon.com | 2 |  |  | 241,462 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 3,262 |  |  | 2.5 | %
4 | Danaher | 3 |  |  | 171,707 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 3,221 |  |  | 2.5 | %
5 | AmerisourceBergen | 1 |  |  | 211,418 |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | 2,469 |  |  | 1.9 | %
6 | Northrop Grumman Systems | 2 |  |  | 199,866 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | 2,303 |  |  | 1.8 | %
7 | District of Columbia | 3 |  |  | 149,203 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | 1,867 |  |  | 1.5 | %
8 | Z Gallerie Inc. | 1 |  |  | 230,891 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 1,805 |  |  | 1.4 | %
9 | XPO Logistics | 2 |  |  | 180,717 |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 1,672 |  |  | 1.3 | %
10 | Port Kearny Security, Inc. 3 | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 1.1 | %
11 | YRC | 2 |  |  | 61,252 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | 1,401 |  |  | 1.1 | %
12 | O'Neill Logistics | 2 |  |  | 237,692 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | 1.1 | %
13 | L3 Harris Technologies, Inc. | 1 |  |  | 147,898 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 1,342 |  |  | 1.1 | %
14 | Miami International Freight Systems | 1 |  |  | 192,454 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1,320 |  |  | 1.0 | %
15 | Bar Logistics | 2 |  |  | 203,263 |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | 1,294 |  |  | 1.0 | %
16 | Saia Motor Freight Line LLC | 1 |  |  | 52,086 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 1,245 |  |  | 1.0 | %
17 | Space Systems/Loral LLC | 2 |  |  | 107,060 |  |  | 0.8 | % |  | 1,210 |  |  | 0.9 | %
18 | JAM'N Logistics | 1 |  |  | 110,336 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 1,193 |  |  | 0.9 | %
19 | Fredmore Inc. DBA Airpark Newark 4 | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,135 |  |  | 0.9 | %
20 | Exquisite Apparel Corporation | 1 |  |  | 114,061 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 1,046 |  |  | 0.8 | %
| Total | 46 |  |  | 3,483,576 |  |  | 26.9 | % |  | $ | 40,249 |  |  | 31.2 | %

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1 | Annualized base rent is calculated as contractual monthly base rent per the leases, excluding any partial or full rent abatements, as of June 30, 2019, multiplied by 12.

2 | Includes an improved land parcel consisting of 2.3 acres.

3 | Lease area consists of 16.9 acres of improved land.

4 | Lease area consists of 10.6 acres of improved land.

The following table summarizes the anticipated lease expirations for leases in place as of June 30, 2019, without giving effect to the exercise of unexercised renewal options or termination rights, if any, at or prior to the scheduled expirations:

Year |  | Rentable Square Feet |  | % of Total Rentable Square Feet |  | Annualized Base Rent (000’s) 2, 3 |  | % of Total Annualized Base Rent
2019 1 |  | 428,348 |  |  | 3.3 | % |  | $ | 4,289 |  |  | 3.0 | %
2020 |  | 2,140,884 |  |  | 16.5 | % |  | 19,736 |  |  | 13.7 | %
2021 |  | 2,284,429 |  |  | 17.6 | % |  | 21,174 |  |  | 14.8 | %
2022 |  | 1,771,293 |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | 18,618 |  |  | 13.0 | %
2023 |  | 1,552,460 |  |  | 12.0 | % |  | 18,890 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Thereafter |  | 4,514,840 |  |  | 34.8 | % |  | 60,814 |  |  | 42.4 | %
Total |  | 12,692,254 |  |  | 97.9 | % |  | $ | 143,521 |  |  | 100.0 | %

1 | Includes leases that expire on or after June 30, 2019 and month-to-month leases totaling approximately 4,400 square feet and 0.9 acres.

2 | Annualized base rent is calculated as contractual monthly base rent per the leases at expiration, excluding any partial or full rent abatements, as of June 30, 2019, multiplied by 12.

3 | Includes annualized base rent related to 17 improved land parcels totaling approximately 74.7 acres.

Our ability to re-lease or renew expiring space at rental rates equal to or in excess of current rental rates will impact our results of operations. As of June 30, 2019, leases representing approximately 3.3% of the total rentable square footage of our portfolio are scheduled to expire through December 31, 2019. We currently expect that, on average, the rental rates we are likely to achieve on new (re-leased) or renewed leases for our 2019 expirations will be above the rates currently being paid for the same space. Rent changes on new and renewed leases totaling approximately 0.6 million square feet commencing during the three months ended June 30, 2019 were approximately 19.9% higher as compared to the previous rental rates for that same space, and rent changes on new and renewed leases totaling approximately 1.6 million square feet commencing during the six months ended June 30, 2019 were approximately 16.2% higher as compared to the previous rental rates for that same space. Our past performance may not be indicative of future results, and we cannot assure you that leases will be renewed or that our properties will be re-leased at all or at rental rates equal to or above the current average rental rates. Further, re-leased/renewed rental rates in a particular market may not be consistent with rental rates across our portfolio as a whole and re-leased/renewed rental rates for particular properties within a market may not be consistent with rental rates across our portfolio within a particular market, in each case due to a number of factors, including local real estate conditions, local supply and demand for industrial space, the condition of the property, the impact of leasing incentives, including free rent and tenant improvements and whether the property, or space within the property, has been redeveloped.
Recent Developments
Acquisition Activity
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we acquired two industrial buildings containing approximately 119,000 square feet for a total purchase price of approximately $47.8 million. The property was acquired from an unrelated third party using existing cash on hand, net proceeds from dispositions and net proceeds from the issuance of common stock. The following table sets forth the industrial property we acquired during the three months ended June 30, 2019:

Property Name | Location |  | Acquisition Date |  | Number of Buildings |  | Square Feet |  | Purchase Price (in thousands) 1 |  | Stabilized Cap Rate 2
Minnesota and Tennessee | San Francisco, CA |  | May 28, 2019 |  | 2 |  |  | 119,089 |  |  | $ | 47,775 |  |  | 4.0 | %

1 | Excludes intangible liabilities and mortgage premiums, if any. The total aggregate initial investment was approximately $51.2 million, including $0.3 million in capitalized closing costs and acquisition costs.

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2 | Stabilized capitalization rates, referred to herein as stabilized cap rates, are calculated, at the time of acquisition, as annualized cash basis net operating income for the property stabilized to market occupancy (generally 95%) divided by the total acquisition cost for the property. Total acquisition cost basis for the property includes the initial purchase price, the effects of marking assumed debt to market, buyer’s due diligence and closing costs, estimated near-term capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to achieve stabilization. We define cash basis net operating income for the property as net operating income excluding straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles. These stabilized cap rates are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control, including risks related to our ability to meet our estimated forecasts related to stabilized cap rates and those risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Redevelopment Activity
As of June 30, 2019, we have four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) that will contain approximately 0.6 million square feet upon completion with a total expected investment of approximately $129.3 million, including redevelopment costs, capitalized interest and other costs of approximately $51.3 million as follows:

Property Name | Total Expected Investment (in thousands) 1 |  | Amount Spent to Date (in thousands) |  | Estimated Amount Remaining to Spend (in thousands) |  | Estimated Stabilized Cap Rate 2 |  | Estimated Post-Development Square Feet |  | Estimated Completion Quarter |  | % Pre-leased as of June 30, 2019
Sodo Row Phase I and II 3 | $ | 66,479 |  |  | $ | 50,639 |  |  | $ | 15,840 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 234,720 |  |  | Q3 2020 |  | 13.5 | %
10100 NW 25th Street 4 | 12,989 |  |  | 11,623 |  |  | 1,366 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 106,810 |  |  | N/A |  | — |
6th Avenue South | 15,522 |  |  | 14,477 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 50,270 |  |  | Q4 2019 |  | — |
Kent 192 | 34,297 |  |  | 24,341 |  |  | 9,956 |  |  | 5.6 | % |  | 219,910 |  |  | Q4 2020 |  | — |
Total/Weighted Average | $ | 129,287 |  |  | $ | 101,080 |  |  | $ | 28,207 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 611,710 |  |  |  |  | 6.3 | %

1 | Total expected investment for the property includes the initial purchase price, buyer’s due diligence and closing costs, estimated near-term redevelopment expenditures, capitalized interest and leasing costs necessary to achieve stabilization.

2 | Estimated stabilized cap rates are calculated as annualized cash basis net operating income for the property stabilized to market occupancy (generally 95%) divided by the total acquisition cost for the property. We define cash basis net operating income for the property as net operating income excluding straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles. These estimated stabilized cap rates are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control, including risks related to our ability to meet our estimated forecasts related to stabilized cap rates and those risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

3 | Sodo Row Phase I and II will contain approximately 51,000 and 184,000 square feet, respectively, upon completion.

4 | Represents one property held for sale with a gross book value of approximately $11.6 million and accumulated depreciation and amortization of approximately $0 as of June 30, 2019.

During the first quarter of 2019, we completed redevelopment of our 1775 NW 70th Avenue property in Miami, Florida. We executed a full-building five-year lease stabilizing the approximately 65,000 square foot redevelopment property. The total investment was approximately $10.0 million with an estimated stabilized cap rate of 5.5%.
Disposition Activity
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we sold one property located in the Los Angeles market for a sales price of approximately $12.4 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $4.5 million.
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The following summarizes the condensed results of operations of the property sold during the six months ended June 30, 2019, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Rental revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 259 |
Tenant expense reimbursements |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 67 |
Property operating expenses |  | — |  |  | (46 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | (82 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  | — |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (87 | )
Income from operations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 157 |

ATM Program
We have an at-the-market equity offering program (the “$300 Million ATM Program”) pursuant to which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $300.0 million ($235.9 million remaining as of June 30, 2019) in amounts and at times as we determine from time to time. Prior to the implementation of the $300 Million ATM Program, we had a $250.0 million ATM program (the “$250 Million ATM Program”), which was substantially utilized as of June 30, 2019 and which is no longer active, and a $200.0 million ATM Program which was substantially utilized as of June 30, 2018 and which is no longer active. We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering of the shares under the $300 Million ATM Program, if any, for general corporate purposes, which may include future acquisitions and repayment of indebtedness, including borrowings under our revolving credit facility. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we issued an aggregate of 2,375,270 and 4,364,071 shares, respectively, of common stock at a weighted average offering price of $45.76 and 43.77 per share, respectively, under the $300 Million ATM Program and the $250 Million ATM Program, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $107.1 million and $188.2 million, respectively, and paying total compensation to the applicable sales agents of approximately $1.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
Long Term Incentive Plan
On January 8, 2019, we amended and restated our Amended and Restated Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “Amended LTIP”). Under the Amended LTIP, each participant’s Performance Share target award for target awards granted on or after January 1, 2019 will be expressed as a number of shares of common stock and settled in shares of common stock. Target awards were previously expressed as a dollar amount and settled in shares of common stock. Commencing with performance share awards granted on or after January 1, 2019, the grant date fair value of the performance share awards will be determined under current accounting treatment using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period. The fair value of the performance share awards for the performance measurement period of January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 is $4.8 million, which will be recognized quarterly over a three-year period. Stock-based compensation expense for the performance share awards for the performance measurement period of January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 was $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Equity Incentive Plan
On April 30, 2019, our stockholders approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which replaces the Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). The 2019 Plan permits the grant of restricted stock awards, performance share awards and unrestricted stock awards. The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan is 1,898,961, which consists of (i) 1,510,079 shares initially reserved and available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and (ii) 388,882 shares underlying outstanding awards under the 2010 Plan, which if forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated under the 2010 Plan shall be added to the shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. No further awards will be made under the 2010 Plan.
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Senior Secured Loan
As of June 30, 2019, we have a senior secured loan outstanding to a borrower that bears interest at a fixed annual interest rate of 8.0% and matures in May 2020 (“the Senior Secured Loan”). The Senior Secured Loan is secured by a portfolio of seven improved land parcels primarily located in Newark, New Jersey. One of the properties securing the Senior Secured Loan may be put to us as partial or full repayment of the Senior Secured Loan at a previously agreed upon value. This property may be called by us as partial or full repayment of the Senior Secured Loan at a previously agreed upon value. In addition, per the terms of the Senior Secured Loan, the borrower may repay the loan at any time with either cash or deed in lieu, with the deed subject to our approval. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we acquired two properties that were securing the Senior Secured Loan for a previously agreed upon aggregate purchase price which approximated their fair value of approximately $39.1 million, which resulted in an approximately $39.1 million reduction in the amount outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was approximately $15.8 million and $54.5 million, respectively, net of deferred loan fees of approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan and approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest receivable outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan.
Share Repurchase Program
We have a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to 3,000,000 shares of our outstanding common stock from time to time through December 31, 2020. Purchases made pursuant to this program will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined by us in our discretion and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of June 30, 2019, we have not repurchased any shares of stock pursuant to our share repurchase authorization.
Dividend and Distribution Activity
On July 26, 2019, our board of directors declared a cash dividend in the amount of $0.27 per share of our common stock payable on October 18, 2019 to the stockholders of record as of the close of business on October 4, 2019.
Contractual Commitments
As of July 31, 2019, we have six outstanding contracts with third-party sellers to acquire six industrial properties, two non-binding letters of intent with third-party sellers to acquire two industrial properties, and one outstanding contract with a third-party seller to sell one industrial property as described under the heading “Contractual Obligations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There is no assurance that we will acquire or dispose of the properties under contract because the proposed acquisitions and dispositions are subject to the completion of satisfactory due diligence and various closing conditions, and with respect to the properties under non-binding letters of intent, our entry into purchase and sale agreements.
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We derive substantially all of our revenues from rents received from tenants under existing leases on each of our properties. These revenues include fixed base rents and recoveries of certain property operating expenses that we have incurred and that we pass through to the individual tenants. Approximately 92.4% of our leased space includes fixed rental increases or Consumer Price Index-based rental increases. Lease terms typically range from three to ten years.
Our primary cash expenses consist of our property operating expenses, which include: real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, management expenses, insurance, utilities, general and administrative expenses, which include compensation costs, office expenses, professional fees and other administrative expenses, acquisition costs, which include third-party costs paid to brokers and consultants, and interest expense, primarily on our mortgage loans, revolving credit facility, term loans and senior unsecured notes.
Our consolidated results of operations often are not comparable from period to period due to the impact of property acquisitions at various times during the course of such periods. The results of operations of any acquired property are included in our financial statements as of the date of its acquisition.
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The analysis of our results below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 includes the changes attributable to same store properties. The same store pool for the comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 includes all properties that were owned and in operation as of June 30, 2019 and since January 1, 2018 and excludes properties that were either disposed of prior to, held for sale to a third party or in redevelopment as of June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the same store pool consisted of 189 buildings aggregating approximately 12.0 million square feet representing approximately 92.4% of our total square feet owned and ten improved land parcels consisting of 47.2 acres. As of June 30, 2019, the non-same store properties, which we acquired, redeveloped, or sold during 2018 and 2019 or were held for sale (if any) or in redevelopment as of June 30, 2019, consisted of 20 buildings aggregating approximately 1.0 million square feet, seven improved land parcels containing approximately 27.5 acres and four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale) expected to contain approximately 0.6 million square feet upon completion. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, our consolidated same store pool occupancy was approximately 98.8% and 98.1%, respectively.
Our future financial condition and results of operations, including rental revenues, straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles, may be impacted by the acquisitions of additional properties, and expenses may vary materially from historical results.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Rental revenues 1 |  |  |
Same store | $ | 29,224 |  |  | $ | 27,272 |  |  | $ | 1,952 |  |  | 7.2 | %
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 3,739 |  |  | 1,634 |  |  | 2,105 |  |  | 128.8 | %
Total rental revenues | 32,963 |  |  | 28,906 |  |  | 4,057 |  |  | 14.0 | %
Tenant expense reimbursements 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store | 8,221 |  |  | 8,086 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 1.7 | %
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 546 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 122.0 | %
Total tenant expense reimbursements | 8,767 |  |  | 8,332 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 5.2 | %
Total revenues | 41,730 |  |  | 37,238 |  |  | 4,492 |  |  | 12.1 | %
Property operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store | 9,499 |  |  | 9,904 |  |  | (405 | ) |  | (4.1 | )%
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 1,210 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 801 |  |  | 195.8 | %
Total property operating expenses | 10,709 |  |  | 10,313 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Net operating income 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store | 27,946 |  |  | 25,454 |  |  | 2,492 |  |  | 9.8 | %
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 3,075 |  |  | 1,471 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | 109.0 | %
Total net operating income | $ | 31,021 |  |  | $ | 26,925 |  |  | $ | 4,096 |  |  | 15.2 | %
Other costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 10,648 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 8.9 | %
General and administrative | 6,757 |  |  | 5,007 |  |  | 1,750 |  |  | 35.0 | %
Acquisition costs | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (80.0 | )%
Total other costs and expenses | 17,406 |  |  | 14,786 |  |  | 2,620 |  |  | 17.7 | %
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income | 817 |  |  | 921 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | (11.3 | )%
Interest expense, including amortization | (4,053 | ) |  | (4,626 | ) |  | 573 |  |  | (12.4 | )%
Gain on sales of real estate investments | — |  |  | 11,703 |  |  | (11,703 | ) |  | (100.0 | )%
Total other income (expense) | (3,236 | ) |  | 7,998 |  |  | (11,234 | ) |  | n/a |
Net income | $ | 10,379 |  |  | $ | 20,137 |  |  | $ | (9,758 | ) |  | (48.5 | )%

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1 | On January 1, 2019, we adopted the practical expedient under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which allows us to elect not to separate lease and non-lease rental income. All rental income earned pursuant to tenant leases is reflected as one line, “Rental revenues and tenant expense reimbursements” on our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. We believe that the above presentation of rental revenues and tenant expense reimbursements is not, and is not intended to be, a presentation in accordance with GAAP. We believe this information is frequently used by management, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate our performance. See “Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our adoption of this standard.

2 | Includes 2018 and 2019 acquisitions and dispositions, seven improved land parcels and four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale with a gross book value of approximately $11.6 million and accumulated depreciation and amortization of $0) as of June 30, 2019.

3 | Includes straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a definition and reconciliation of net operating income and same store net operating income from net income and a discussion of why we believe net operating income and same store net operating income are useful supplemental measures of our operating performance.

Revenues. Total revenues increased approximately $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year due primarily to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019 and increased revenue on new and renewed leases. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, was recorded in straight-line rental revenues related to contractual rent abatements given to certain tenants. For both the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $0.4 million in rent abatements was provided to the tenant at our Belleville property.
Property operating expenses. Total property operating expenses increased approximately $0.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year. The increase in total property operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of approximately $0.8 million attributable to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019, offset by a reduction in snow removal expenses and supplemental real estate taxes.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased approximately $0.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year due primarily to an increase of approximately $1.4 million in performance share award expense. Increase in performance share award expense primarily related to the expense for Performance share awards granted prior to January 1, 2019, which varies quarter to quarter based on our relative share price performance. Performance share award expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was approximately $2.8 million as compared to approximately $1.4 million for the prior year period. See “Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our performance share awards.
Interest and other income. Interest and other income decreased approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to a decrease in our outstanding Senior Secured Loan balance, offset by higher interest rates on our cash balances.
Interest expense, including amortization. Interest expense decreased approximately $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to an increase in capitalized interest of $0.2 million and the payoff of a mortgage loan in December 2018, offset by higher interest rates on our term loans.
Gain on sales of real estate investments. Gain on sales of real estate investments decreased approximately $11.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year. We did not sell any properties during the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to a recognized gain of approximately $11.7 million from the sale of one property in the same period from the prior year.
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Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018:

| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Rental revenues 1 |  |  |
Same store | $ | 57,932 |  |  | $ | 54,479 |  |  | $ | 3,453 |  |  | 6.3 | %
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 6,647 |  |  | 3,161 |  |  | 3,486 |  |  | 110.3 | %
Total rental revenues | 64,579 |  |  | 57,640 |  |  | 6,939 |  |  | 12.0 | %
Tenant expense reimbursements 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store | 16,902 |  |  | 16,234 |  |  | 668 |  |  | 4.1 | %
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 1,129 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 139.7 | %
Total tenant expense reimbursements | 18,031 |  |  | 16,705 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 7.9 | %
Total revenues | 82,610 |  |  | 74,345 |  |  | 8,265 |  |  | 11.1 | %
Property operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store | 19,315 |  |  | 19,426 |  |  | (111 | ) |  | (0.6 | )%
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 2,087 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 167.6 | %
Total property operating expenses | 21,402 |  |  | 20,206 |  |  | 1,196 |  |  | 5.9 | %
Net operating income 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store | 55,519 |  |  | 51,287 |  |  | 4,232 |  |  | 8.3 | %
Non-same store operating properties 2 | 5,689 |  |  | 2,852 |  |  | 2,837 |  |  | 99.5 | %
Total net operating income | $ | 61,208 |  |  | $ | 54,139 |  |  | $ | 7,069 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Other costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 21,063 |  |  | 20,509 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 2.7 | %
General and administrative | 12,720 |  |  | 10,085 |  |  | 2,635 |  |  | 26.1 | %
Acquisition costs | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (85.7 | )%
Total other costs and expenses | 33,784 |  |  | 30,601 |  |  | 3,183 |  |  | 10.4 | %
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income | 2,339 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 1,358 |  |  | 138.4 | %
Interest expense, including amortization | (8,317 | ) |  | (9,311 | ) |  | 994 |  |  | (10.7 | )%
Gain on sales of real estate investments | 4,465 |  |  | 14,986 |  |  | (10,521 | ) |  | (70.2 | )%
Total other income (expense) | (1,513 | ) |  | 6,656 |  |  | (8,169 | ) |  | n/a |
Net income | $ | 25,911 |  |  | $ | 30,194 |  |  | $ | (4,283 | ) |  | (14.2 | )%

1 | On January 1, 2019, we adopted the practical expedient under ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which allows us to elect not to separate lease and non-lease rental income. All rental income earned pursuant to tenant leases is reflected as one line, “Rental revenues and tenant expense reimbursements” on our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. We believe that the above presentation of rental revenues and tenant expense reimbursements is not, and is not intended to be, a presentation in accordance with GAAP. We believe this information is frequently used by management, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate our performance. See “Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our adoption of this standard.

2 | Includes 2018 and 2019 acquisitions and dispositions, seven improved land parcels and four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale with a gross book value of approximately $11.6 million and accumulated depreciation and amortization of $0) as of June 30, 2019.

3 | Includes straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a definition and reconciliation of net operating income and same store net operating income from net income and a discussion of why we believe net operating income and same store net operating income are useful supplemental measures of our operating performance.

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Revenues. Total revenues increased approximately $8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year due primarily to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019 and increased revenue on new and renewed leases. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $1.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively, was recorded in straight-line rental revenues related to contractual rent abatements given to certain tenants. For both the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $0.4 million in rent abatements was provided to the tenant at our Belleville property.
Property operating expenses. Total property operating expenses increased approximately $1.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year. The increase in total property operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of approximately $1.3 million attributable to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased approximately $0.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased approximately $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year due primarily to an increase of approximately $0.3 million in compensation expenses and an increase of approximately $1.8 million in performance share award expense. Increase in performance share award expense primarily related to the expense for performance share awards granted prior to January 1, 2019, which varies quarter to quarter based on our relative share price performance. Performance share award expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was approximately $4.8 million as compared to approximately $3.0 million for the prior year period. See “Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our performance share awards.
Interest and other income. Interest and other income increased approximately $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to an increase of approximately $0.9 million in interest earned on our Senior Secured Loan, which we made in May 2018, and higher interest rates on our cash balances.
Interest expense, including amortization. Interest expense decreased approximately $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to an increase in capitalized interest of $0.7 million and the payoff of a mortgage loan in December 2018, offset by higher interest rates on our term loans.
Gain on sales of real estate investments. Gain on sales of real estate investments decreased approximately $10.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year. We recognized a gain of $4.5 million from the sale of one property during the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to a recognized gain of approximately $15.0 million from the sale of two properties in the same period from the prior year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The primary objective of our financing strategy is to maintain financial flexibility with a conservative capital structure using retained cash flows, proceeds from dispositions of properties, long-term debt and the issuance of common and perpetual preferred stock to finance our growth. Over the long-term, we intend to:

• | limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding perpetual preferred stock to less than 35% of our total enterprise value;

• | maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio in excess of 2.0x;

• | maintain a debt-to-adjusted EBITDA ratio below 6.0x;

• | limit the principal amount of our outstanding floating rate debt to less than 20% of our total consolidated indebtedness; and

• | have staggered debt maturities that are aligned to our expected average lease term (5-7 years), positioning us to re-price parts of our capital structure as our rental rates change with market conditions.

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We intend to preserve a flexible capital structure with a long-term goal to maintain our investment grade rating and be in a position to issue additional unsecured debt and additional perpetual preferred stock. Fitch Ratings assigned us an issuer rating of BBB with a stable outlook. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current credit rating. Our credit rating can affect the amount and type of capital we can access, as well as the terms of any financings we may obtain. In the event our current credit rating is downgraded, it may become difficult or expensive to obtain additional financing or refinance existing obligations and commitments. We intend to primarily utilize senior unsecured notes, term loans, credit facilities, dispositions of properties, common stock and perpetual preferred stock. We may also assume debt in connection with property acquisitions which may have a higher loan-to-value.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We believe that our net cash provided by operations will be adequate to fund operating requirements, pay interest on any borrowings and fund distributions in accordance with the REIT requirements of the federal income tax laws. In the near-term, we intend to fund future investments in properties with cash on hand, term loans, senior unsecured notes, mortgages, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, perpetual preferred and common stock issuances and, from time to time, property dispositions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, including with respect to other investments in industrial properties, property acquisitions, property redevelopments, renovations and expansions and scheduled debt maturities, through borrowings under our revolving credit facility, periodic issuances of common stock, perpetual preferred stock, and long-term secured and unsecured debt, and, from time to time, with proceeds from the disposition of properties. The success of our acquisition strategy may depend, in part, on our ability to obtain and borrow under our Facility and to access additional capital through issuances of equity and debt securities.
The following sets forth certain information regarding our current at-the-market common stock offering program as of June 30, 2019:

ATM Stock Offering Program | Date Implemented |  | Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (in thousands) |  | Aggregate Common Stock Available as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands)
$300 Million ATM Program | May 17, 2019 |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 235,897 |

The table below sets forth the activity under our at-the-market common stock offering programs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively (in thousands, except share and price per share data):

For the Three Months Ended | Shares Sold |  | Weighted Average Price Per Share |  | Net Proceeds (in thousands) |  | Sales Commissions (in thousands)
June 30, 2019 | 2,375,270 |  |  | $ | 45.76 |  |  | $ | 107,123 |  |  | $ | 1,576 |
June 30, 2018 | 2,826,167 |  |  | $ | 37.48 |  |  | $ | 104,380 |  |  | $ | 1,536 |

For the Six Months Ended | Shares Sold |  | Weighted Average Price Per Share |  | Net Proceeds (in thousands) |  | Sales Commissions (in thousands)
June 30, 2019 | 4,364,071 |  |  | $ | 43.77 |  |  | $ | 188,248 |  |  | $ | 2,770 |
June 30, 2018 | 2,885,401 |  |  | $ | 37.43 |  |  | $ | 106,424 |  |  | $ | 1,566 |

As of June 30, 2019, we have a Senior Secured Loan outstanding to a borrower that bears interest at a fixed annual interest rate of 8.0% and matures in May 2020. The Senior Secured Loan is secured by a portfolio of seven improved land parcels primarily located in Newark, New Jersey. One of the properties securing the Senior Secured Loan may be put to us as partial or full repayment of the Senior Secured Loan at a previously agreed upon value. This property may be called by us as partial or full repayment of the Senior Secured Loan at a previously agreed upon value. In addition, per the terms of the Senior Secured Loan, the borrower may repay the loan at any time with either cash or deed in lieu, with the deed subject to our approval. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we acquired two properties that were securing the Senior Secured Loan for a previously agreed upon aggregate purchase price which approximated their fair value of approximately $39.1 million, which resulted in an approximately $39.1 million reduction in the amount outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was approximately $15.8 million and $54.5 million, respectively, net of deferred loan fees of approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan and approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest receivable outstanding on the Senior Secured Loan.
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As of June 30, 2019, we had $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in September 2022, $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in July 2024, $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in July 2026, $50.0 million of senior unsecured notes that mature in October 2027 (collectively, the “Senior Unsecured Notes”), and a credit facility (the “Facility”), which consists of a $250.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility that matures in October 2022, a $50.0 million term loan that matures in August 2021 and a $100.0 million term loan that matures in January 2022. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was $0 and $19.0 million, respectively, of borrowings outstanding on our revolving credit facility and $150.0 million of borrowings outstanding on our term loans. As of June 30, 2019, we had two interest rate caps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with $100.0 million of our existing $150.0 million variable-rate term loans. We previously had an interest rate cap with a notional value of $50.0 million (which expired on April 1, 2019) to hedge the variable cash flows associated with $50.0 million of our existing $150.0 million variable-rate term loans. See “Note 9 - Derivative Financial Instruments” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our interest rate caps.
The aggregate amount of the Facility may be increased to a total of up to $600.0 million, subject to the approval of the administrative agent and the identification of lenders willing to make available additional amounts. Outstanding borrowings under the Facility are limited to the lesser of (i) the sum of the $150.0 million term loans and the $250.0 million revolving credit facility, or (ii) 60.0% of the value of the unencumbered properties. Interest on the Facility, including the term loans, is generally to be paid based upon, at our option, either (i) LIBOR plus the applicable LIBOR margin or (ii) the applicable base rate which is the greatest of the administrative agent’s prime rate, 0.50% above the federal funds effective rate, or thirty-day LIBOR plus the applicable LIBOR margin for LIBOR rate loans under the Facility plus 1.25%. The applicable LIBOR margin will range from 1.05% to 1.50% (1.05% as of June 30, 2019) for the revolving credit facility and 1.20% to 1.70% (1.20% as of June 30, 2019) for the $50.0 million term loan that matures in August 2021 and the $100.0 million term loan that matures in January 2022, depending on the ratio of our outstanding consolidated indebtedness to the value of our consolidated gross asset value. The Facility requires quarterly payments of an annual facility fee in an amount ranging from 0.15% to 0.30%, depending on the ratio of our outstanding consolidated indebtedness to the value of our consolidated gross asset value.
The Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes are guaranteed by us and by substantially all of the current and to-be-formed subsidiaries of the borrower that own an unencumbered property. The Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes are unsecured by our properties or by interests in the subsidiaries that hold such properties. The Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes include a series of financial and other covenants with which we must comply. We were in compliance with the covenants under the Facility and the Senior Unsecured Notes as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding mortgage loans payable, net of deferred financing costs, of approximately $45.1 million and $45.8 million, respectively, and held cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $117.2 million and $31.0 million, respectively.
The following tables summarize our debt maturities and principal payments and market capitalization, capitalization ratios, Adjusted EBITDA, interest coverage, fixed charge coverage and debt ratios as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

| Credit Facility |  | Term Loans |  | Senior Unsecured Notes |  | Mortgage Loans Payable |  | Total Debt
2019 (6 months) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 764 |
2020 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,077 |  |  | 33,077 |
2021 | — |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,271 |  |  | 61,271 |
2022 | — |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |
2023 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Thereafter | — |  |  | — |  |  | 200,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,000 |
Total debt | — |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | 45,112 |  |  | 445,112 |
Deferred financing costs, net | — |  |  | (769 | ) |  | (1,587 | ) |  | (62 | ) |  | (2,418 | )
Total debt, net | $ | — |  |  | $ | 149,231 |  |  | $ | 248,413 |  |  | $ | 45,050 |  |  | $ | 442,694 |
Weighted average interest rate | n/a |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 3.9 | %

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| As of June 30, 2019 |  | As of June 30, 2018
Total Debt, net | $ | 442,694 |  |  | $ | 466,457 |
Equity |  |  |
Common Stock |  |  |
Shares Outstanding 1 | 65,495,713 |  |  | 58,379,493 |
Market Price 2 | $ | 49.04 |  |  | $ | 37.67 |
Total Equity | 3,211,910 |  |  | 2,199,156 |
Total Market Capitalization | $ | 3,654,604 |  |  | $ | 2,665,613 |
Total Debt-to-Total Investments in Properties 3 | 22.3 | % |  | 27.1 | %
Total Debt-to-Total Investments in Properties and Senior Secured Loan 4 | 22.1 | % |  | 26.3 | %
Total Debt-to-Total Market Capitalization 5 | 12.1 | % |  | 17.5 | %
Floating Rate Debt as a % of Total Debt 6 | 33.7 | % |  | 33.1 | %
Unhedged Floating Rate Debt as a % of Total Debt 7 | 11.3 | % |  | 1.1 | %
Mortgage Loans Payable as a % of Total Debt 8 | 10.2 | % |  | 13.7 | %
Mortgage Loans Payable as a % of Total Investments in Properties 9 | 2.3 | % |  | 3.7 | %
Adjusted EBITDA 10 | $ | 56,987 |  |  | $ | 49,264 |
Interest Coverage 11 | 6.9 | x |  | 5.3 | x
Fixed Charge Coverage 12 | 5.8 | x |  | 4.9 | x
Total Debt-to-Adjusted EBITDA 13 | 3.9 | x |  | 4.7 | x
Weighted Average Maturity of Total Debt (years) | 4.1 |  |  | 4.9 |

1 | Includes 370,201 and 357,018 shares of unvested restricted stock outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

2 | Closing price of our shares of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 28, 2019 and June 29, 2018, respectively, in dollars per share.

3 | Total debt-to-total investments in properties is calculated as total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total investments in properties.

4 | Total debt-to-total investments in properties and Senior Secured Loan is calculated as total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total investments in properties and total Senior Secured Loan, net of deferred loan fees of approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million, as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

5 | Total debt-to-total market capitalization is calculated as total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total market capitalization as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

6 | Floating rate debt as a percentage of total debt is calculated as floating rate debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs. Floating rate debt includes $150.0 million variable-rate term loan borrowings, of which $100.0 million are subject to interest rate caps of 4.0% plus 1.20% to 1.70%, depending on leverage as of June 30, 2019, and $150.0 million variable-rate term loan borrowings subject to interest rate caps of 4.0% plus 1.30% to 1.85% as of June 30, 2018. See “Note 9 - Derivative Financial Instruments” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our interest rate caps.

7 | Unhedged floating rate debt as a percentage of total debt is calculated as unhedged floating rate debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs. Hedged debt includes our $100.0 million variable-rate term loan borrowings subject to interest rate caps of 4.0% plus 1.20% to 1.70%, depending on leverage as of June 30, 2019 and $150.0 million variable rate term loan borrowings subject to interest rate caps of 4.0% plus 1.30% to 1.85% as of June 30, 2018. See “Note 9 - Derivative Financial Instruments” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our interest rate caps.

8 | Mortgage loans payable as a percentage of total debt is calculated as mortgage loans payable, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs.

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9 | Mortgage loans payable as a percentage of total investments in properties is calculated as mortgage loans payable, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by total investments in properties.

10 | Earnings before interest, taxes, gains (losses) from sales of property, depreciation and amortization, acquisition costs and stock-based compensation (“Adjusted EBITDA”) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA from net income and a discussion of why we believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance.

11 | Interest coverage is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by interest expense, including amortization. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA from net income and a discussion of why we believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance.

12 | Fixed charge coverage is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by interest expense, including amortization plus capitalized interest. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA from net income and a discussion of why we believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance.

13 | Total debt-to-Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as total debt, including premiums and net of deferred financing costs, divided by annualized Adjusted EBITDA. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA from net income and a discussion of why we believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance.

The following table sets forth the cash dividends paid or payable per share during the six months ended June 30, 2019:

For the Three Months Ended |  | Security |  | Dividend per Share |  | Declaration Date |  | Record Date |  | Date Paid
March 31, 2019 |  | Common stock |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | February 5, 2019 |  | March 29, 2019 |  | April 12, 2019
June 30, 2019 |  | Common stock |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | April 30, 2019 |  | July 5, 2019 |  | July 19, 2019

Sources and Uses of Cash
Our principal sources of cash are cash from operations, borrowings under loans payable, draws on our Facility, common and preferred stock issuances, proceeds from property dispositions and issuances of unsecured notes. Our principal uses of cash are asset acquisitions, debt service, capital expenditures, operating costs, corporate overhead costs and common stock dividends.
Cash From Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities totaled approximately $43.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to approximately $35.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase in cash provided by operating activities is primarily attributable to additional cash flows generated from the properties acquired during 2018 and 2019 and same store properties, and from interest received on our Senior Secured Loan, which we made in May 2018.
Cash From Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $93.1 million and $127.8 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, which consisted primarily of cash paid for property acquisitions of approximately $73.2 million and $100.9 million, respectively, and additions to capital improvements of approximately $31.8 million and $15.8 million, respectively, offset by net proceeds from sales of real estate investments of approximately $12.0 million and $43.0 million, respectively.
Cash From Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $134.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, which consisted primarily of approximately $188.3 million in net common stock issuance proceeds offset by approximately $29.8 million in equity dividend payments and approximately $19.0 million in net payments on our Facility. Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $82.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which consisted primarily of approximately $106.4 million in net common stock issuance proceeds and $5.4 million in net borrowings on our Facility offset by approximately $24.4 million in equity dividend payments.
Critical Accounting Policies
A summary of our critical accounting policies is set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and in the condensed notes to our consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Contractual Obligations
As of July 31, 2019, we have six outstanding contracts with third-party sellers to acquire six industrial properties. There is no assurance that we will acquire the properties under contract because the proposed acquisitions are subject to the completion of satisfactory due diligence and various closing conditions.
The following table summarizes certain information with respect to the properties we have under contract:

Market | Number of Buildings |  | Square Feet |  | Purchase Price (in thousands) |  | Assumed Debt (in thousands)
Los Angeles | 7 |  |  | 82,884 |  |  | $ | 23,525 |  |  | $ | — |
Northern New Jersey/New York City 1 | 2 |  |  | 195,598 |  |  | 84,525 |  |  | — |
San Francisco Bay Area | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Seattle | 2 |  |  | 82,245 |  |  | 12,850 |  |  | — |
Miami | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Washington, D.C. | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 11 |  |  | 360,727 |  |  | $ | 120,900 |  |  | $ | — |

1 | Includes one improved land parcel containing approximately 2.0 acres.

As of July 31, 2019, we have executed two non-binding letters of intent with third-party sellers to acquire two industrial properties. The total anticipated purchase price for these industrial properties is approximately $19.0 million. In the normal course of business, we enter into non-binding letters of intent to purchase properties from third parties that may obligate us to make payments or perform other obligations upon the occurrence of certain events, including the execution of a purchase and sale agreement and satisfactory completion of various due diligence matters. There can be no assurance that we will enter into purchase and sale agreements with respect to these properties or otherwise complete any such prospective purchases on the terms described or at all.
As of July 31, 2019, we have one outstanding contract with a third-party purchaser to sell one property for a sales price of approximately $14.0 million (net book value of approximately $11.6 million). There is no assurance that we will sell the property under contract because the proposed disposition is subject to various closing conditions.
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations due by period as of June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Contractual Obligations | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 3-5 Years |  | More than 5 Years |  | Total
Debt | $ | 33,610 |  |  | $ | 161,502 |  |  | $ | 50,000 |  |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 445,112 |
Debt interest payments | 11,728 |  |  | 20,888 |  |  | 17,198 |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | 64,814 |
Operating lease commitments | 267 |  |  | 553 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 820 |
Redevelopment obligations | 7,657 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,657 |
Purchase obligations | 120,900 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120,900 |
Total | $ | 174,162 |  |  | $ | 182,943 |  |  | $ | 67,198 |  |  | $ | 215,000 |  |  | $ | 639,303 |

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use the following non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are useful to investors as key supplemental measures of our operating performance: funds from operations, or FFO, Adjusted EBITDA, net operating income, or NOI, same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI. FFO, Adjusted EBITDA, NOI, same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance with GAAP. Further, our computation of FFO, Adjusted EBITDA, NOI, same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI may not be comparable to FFO, Adjusted EBITDA, NOI, same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI reported by other companies.
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We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), which defines FFO as net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) from sales of property and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures (which are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis). We believe that presenting FFO provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance because it is a measure of our operations without regard to specified non-cash items, such as real estate depreciation and amortization and gain or loss on sale of assets.
We believe that FFO is a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance because historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting alone to be insufficient. As a result, we believe that the use of FFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our operating performance.
The following table reflects the calculation of FFO reconciled from net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands except per share data):

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net income | $ | 10,379 |  |  | $ | 20,137 |  |  | $ | (9,758 | ) |  | (48.5 | )% |  | $ | 25,911 |  |  | $ | 30,194 |  |  | $ | (4,283 | ) |  | (14.2 | )%
Gain on sales of real estate investments | — |  |  | (11,703 | ) |  | 11,703 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (4,465 | ) |  | (14,986 | ) |  | 10,521 |  |  | (70.2 | )%
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 10,648 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 8.9 | % |  | 21,063 |  |  | 20,509 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 2.7 | %
Non-real estate depreciation | (27 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (3.6 | )% |  | (55 | ) |  | (58 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (5.2 | )%
Allocation to participating securities 1 | (128 | ) |  | (112 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | 14.3 | % |  | (263 | ) |  | (225 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | 16.9 | %
Funds from operations attributable to common stockholders 2 | $ | 20,872 |  |  | $ | 18,068 |  |  | $ | 2,804 |  |  | 15.5 | % |  | $ | 42,191 |  |  | $ | 35,434 |  |  | $ | 6,757 |  |  | 19.1 | %
Basic FFO per common share | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | 6.3 | %
Diluted FFO per common share | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | 6.3 | %
Weighted average basic common shares | 63,780,645 |  |  | 56,698,959 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,625,224 |  |  | 55,917,610 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average diluted common shares | 64,075,215 |  |  | 56,698,959 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,919,794 |  |  | 55,917,610 |  |  |  |  |

1 | To be consistent with our policies of determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities and accounting for earnings per share, the FFO per common share is adjusted for FFO distributed through declared dividends (if any) and allocated to all participating securities (weighted average common shares outstanding and unvested restricted shares outstanding) under the two-class method. Under this method, allocations were made to 385,587 and 357,018 of weighted average unvested restricted shares outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 387,542 and 358,253 of weighted average unvested restricted shares outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

2 | Includes performance share award expense of approximately $2.8 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $4.8 million and $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See “Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our performance share awards.

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FFO increased by approximately $2.8 million and $6.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same period from the prior year due primarily to property acquisitions during 2018 and 2019, same store NOI growth of approximately $2.5 million and $4.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same period from the prior year, and an increase of approximately $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 in interest and fees earned on our Senior Secured Loan, which we made in May 2018. The FFO increase was offset by an increase of approximately $1.4 million and $1.8 million in performance share award expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same period from the prior year, and increased weighted average common shares outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year.
We compute Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, gain on sales of real estate investments, acquisition costs and stock-based compensation. We believe that presenting Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance because it is a measure of our operations on an unleveraged basis before the effects of tax, gain (loss) on sales of real estate investments, non-cash depreciation and amortization expense, acquisition costs and stock-based compensation. By excluding interest expense, Adjusted EBITDA allows investors to measure our operating performance independent of our capital structure and indebtedness and, therefore, allows for more meaningful comparison of our operating performance between quarters and other interim periods as well as annual periods and for the comparison of our operating performance to that of other companies, both in the real estate industry and in other industries. As we are currently in a growth phase, acquisition costs are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA to allow for the comparison of our operating performance to that of stabilized companies.
The following table reflects the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA reconciled from net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net income | $ | 10,379 |  |  | $ | 20,137 |  |  | $ | (9,758 | ) |  | (48.5 | )% |  | $ | 25,911 |  |  | $ | 30,194 |  |  | $ | (4,283 | ) |  | (14.2 | )%
Gain on sales of real estate investments | — |  |  | (11,703 | ) |  | 11,703 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (4,465 | ) |  | (14,986 | ) |  | 10,521 |  |  | (70.2 | )%
Depreciation and amortization | 10,648 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 8.9 | % |  | 21,063 |  |  | 20,509 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 2.7 | %
Interest expense, including amortization | 4,053 |  |  | 4,626 |  |  | (573 | ) |  | (12.4 | )% |  | 8,317 |  |  | 9,311 |  |  | (994 | ) |  | (10.7 | )%
Stock-based compensation | 3,660 |  |  | 2,187 |  |  | 1,473 |  |  | 67.4 | % |  | 6,160 |  |  | 4,229 |  |  | 1,931 |  |  | 45.7 | %
Acquisition costs | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (80.0 | )% |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (85.7 | )%
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 28,741 |  |  | $ | 25,026 |  |  | $ | 3,715 |  |  | 14.8 | % |  | $ | 56,987 |  |  | $ | 49,264 |  |  | $ | 7,723 |  |  | 15.7 | %

We compute NOI as rental revenues, including tenant expense reimbursements, less property operating expenses. We compute same store NOI as rental revenues, including tenant expense reimbursements, less property operating expenses on a same store basis. NOI excludes depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expenses, acquisition costs and interest expense, including amortization. We compute cash-basis same store NOI as same store NOI excluding straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles. The same store pool includes all properties that were owned and in operation as of June 30, 2019 and since January 1, 2018 and excludes properties that were either disposed of prior to, held for sale to a third party or in redevelopment as of June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the same store pool consisted of 189 buildings aggregating approximately 12.0 million square feet representing approximately 92.4% of our total square feet owned and ten improved land parcels containing approximately 47.2 acres. We believe that presenting NOI, same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI provides useful information to investors regarding the operating performance of our properties because NOI excludes certain items that are not considered to be controllable in connection with the management of the properties, such as depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expenses, acquisition costs and interest expense. By presenting same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI, the operating results on a same store basis are directly comparable from period to period.
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The following table reflects the calculation of NOI, same store NOI and cash-basis same store NOI reconciled from net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net income 1 | $ | 10,379 |  |  | $ | 20,137 |  |  | $ | (9,758 | ) |  | (48.5 | )% |  | $ | 25,911 |  |  | $ | 30,194 |  |  | $ | (4,283 | ) |  | (14.2 | )%
Depreciation and amortization | 10,648 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 8.9 | % |  | 21,063 |  |  | 20,509 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 2.7 | %
General and administrative | 6,757 |  |  | 5,007 |  |  | 1,750 |  |  | 35.0 | % |  | 12,720 |  |  | 10,085 |  |  | 2,635 |  |  | 26.1 | %
Acquisition costs | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (80.0 | )% |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (85.7 | )%
Total other income and expenses | 3,236 |  |  | (7,998 | ) |  | 11,234 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 1,513 |  |  | (6,656 | ) |  | 8,169 |  |  | n/a |
Net operating income | 31,021 |  |  | 26,925 |  |  | 4,096 |  |  | 15.2 | % |  | 61,208 |  |  | 54,139 |  |  | 7,069 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Less non-same store NOI 2 | (3,075 | ) |  | (1,471 | ) |  | (1,604 | ) |  | 109.0 | % |  | (5,689 | ) |  | (2,852 | ) |  | (2,837 | ) |  | 99.5 | %
Same store NOI 3 | $ | 27,946 |  |  | $ | 25,454 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | 9.8 | % |  | $ | 55,519 |  |  | $ | 51,287 |  |  | $ | 4,232 |  |  | 8.3 | %
Less straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles 4 | (1,341 | ) |  | (1,849 | ) |  | 508 |  |  | (27.5 | )% |  | (2,255 | ) |  | (3,688 | ) |  | 1,433 |  |  | (38.9 | )%
Cash-basis same store NOI 3 | $ | 26,605 |  |  | $ | 23,605 |  |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | 12.7 | % |  | $ | 53,264 |  |  | $ | 47,599 |  |  | $ | 5,665 |  |  | 11.9 | %

1 | Includes approximately $0.2 million and $23,000 of lease termination income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million of lease termination income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

2 | Includes 2018 and 2019 acquisitions and dispositions, seven improved land parcels and four properties under redevelopment (including one property held for sale with a gross book value of approximately $11.6 million and accumulated depreciation and amortization of $0).

3 | Includes approximately $0.2 million and $23,000 of lease termination income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million of lease termination income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

4 | Includes straight-line rents and amortization of lease intangibles for the same store pool only.

Cash-basis same store NOI increased by approximately $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to increased rental revenue on new and renewed leases. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, total contractual rent abatements of approximately $0.7 million and $1.0 million were given to certain tenants in the same-store pool and approximately $0.2 million and $23,000 in lease termination income was received from certain tenants in the same store pool. For both the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $0.4 million in rent abatements was provided to the tenant at our Belleville property. In addition, approximately $0.6 million of the increase in cash-basis same store NOI for the three months ended June 30, 2019 related to properties that were acquired vacant or with near term expirations in 2017.
Cash-basis same store NOI increased by approximately $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period from the prior year primarily due to increased rental revenue on new and renewed leases. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, total contractual rent abatements of approximately $0.9 million and $1.9 million were given to certain tenants in the same-store pool and approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million in lease termination income was received from certain tenants in the same store pool. For both the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $0.4 million in rent abatements was provided to the tenant at our Belleville property. In addition, approximately $1.1 million of the increase in cash-basis same store NOI for the six months ended June 30, 2019 related to properties that were acquired vacant or with near term expirations in 2017.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business strategies, the primary market risk which we are exposed to is interest rate risk. We are exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of debt used to maintain liquidity, fund capital expenditures and expand our investment portfolio and operations. We seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. As described below, some of our outstanding debt bears interest at variable rates, and we expect that some of our future outstanding debt will have variable interest rates. We may use interest rate caps and/or swap agreements to manage our interest rate risks relating to our variable rate debt. We expect to replace variable rate debt on a regular basis with fixed rate, long-term debt to finance our assets and operations.
As of June 30, 2019, we had $150.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our Facility. Of the $150.0 million outstanding on the Facility, $100.0 million is subject to interest rate caps. See “Note 9 - Derivative Financial Instruments” in our condensed notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our interest rate caps. Amounts borrowed under our Facility bear interest at a variable rate based on LIBOR plus an applicable LIBOR margin. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under our Facility was 3.68% as of June 30, 2019. If the LIBOR rate were to fluctuate by 0.25%, interest expense would increase or decrease, depending on rate movement, future earnings and cash flows by approximately $0.4 million annually on the total of the outstanding balances on our Facility as of June 30, 2019.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), and has concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except to the extent updated below or previously updated or to the extent additional factual information disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relates to such risk factors (including, without limitation, the matters discussed in Part I, “Item 2—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”), there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Item 2. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) | Not Applicable.

(b) | Not Applicable.

(c) | Not Applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
10.1 |  | 2019 Equity Incentive Plan of Registrant (previously filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 on April 30, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.2 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Executive Officers and Employees (previously filed as Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 on April 30, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
31.1* |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification dated July 31, 2019.
31.2* |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification dated July 31, 2019
31.3* |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification dated July 31, 2019.
32.1** |  | 18 U.S.C. § 1350 Certification dated July 31, 2019.
32.2** |  | 18 U.S.C. § 1350 Certification dated July 31, 2019.
32.3** |  | 18 U.S.C. § 1350 Certification dated July 31, 2019.
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101).

________________

* | Filed herewith.

** | Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Terreno Realty Corporation
July 31, 2019 | By: |  | /s/ W. Blake Baird
|  |  | W. Blake Baird
|  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
July 31, 2019 | By: |  | /s/ Michael A. Coke
|  |  | Michael A. Coke
|  |  | President
July 31, 2019 | By: |  | /s/ Jaime J. Cannon
|  |  | Jaime J. Cannon
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer

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