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Share-based payment arrangements (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [abstract]  
Share-based payments expense
Share-based payments expense consists of:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Share options$3,347 $3,128 
Restricted share units with no performance criteria1,305 1,600 
Restricted share units with performance criteria2,556 1,195 
Deferred units2,270 2,209 
Performance share units1,214 2,264 
$10,692 $10,396 
Summary of movements in number of share options outstanding and weighted average exercise prices
Movements in the number of share options outstanding and their related weighted average exercise prices are as follows:
20202019
Weighted
average exercise price Cdn$		Number of
options		Weighted
average exercise price Cdn$		Number of
options
At January 1,$14.085,714,491 $22.565,591,228 
Granted12.721,156,744 5.982,387,256 
Exercised7.75(618,915)6.20(56,644)
Expired33.40(813,933)38.96(697,322)
Forfeited12.53(345,999)21.48(1,510,027)
At December 31,$11.565,092,388 $14.085,714,491 
Summary of range of exercise prices of outstanding share options Options outstanding are as follows:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2020
Total options outstandingExercisable options
Range of 
exercise 
price 
Cdn$		SharesWeighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)		Weighted
average
exercise
price
Cdn$		SharesWeighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
Cdn$
$5.00 to $5.99
1,715,345 3.2$5.68562,607 $5.68
$6.00 to $6.99
543,509 2.36.20292,515 6.20
$10.00 to $10.99
152,941 3.910.40— — 
$11.00 to $11.99
189,812 4.511.56— — 
$12.00 to $12.99
860,643 4.212.90— — 
$13.00 to $13.99
68,649 4.313.50— — 
$16.00 to $16.99
783,341 0.116.10783,341 16.10
$21.00 to $21.99
20,000 0.821.1520,000 21.15
$22.00 to $22.99
603,766 1.122.00603,766 22.00
$23.00 to $23.99
151,933 1.223.18151,933 23.18
$29.00 to $29.99
2,449 0.429.552,449 29.55
5,092,388 2.5$11.562,416,611 $14.45
Summary of assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted
The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are in the table below. Volatility was determined based on the historical volatility over the estimated lives of the options.
2020 2019 
Risk-free interest rate (range) (%)
0.25 – 0.95
1.34 – 1.80
Expected volatility (range) (%)
63 – 70
59 – 63
Expected life (range) (years)
1.96– 3.96
1.98 – 3.98
Expected dividends (Cdn$)— — 
Summary of movements in number of share options outstanding
A summary of the status of the RSUs with no performance criteria and changes during the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows:
2020 2019 
At January 1,536,330 333,119 
Granted149,552 391,092 
Redeemed(190,963)(137,594)
Forfeited(16,852)(50,287)
At December 31,478,067 536,330 
A summary of the status of the RSUs with performance criteria and changes during the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows:
2020 2019 
At January 1,457,498 152,927 
Granted299,112 412,473 
Forfeited(66,643)(107,902)
At December 31,689,967 457,498 
Movements in the PSUs during the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:
20202019
At January 1,610,885 484,899 
Granted— 264,083 
Expired(85,280)(129,109)
Forfeited— (8,988)
At December 31,525,605 610,885