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Material accounting policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation | 3.1 Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation (i)Subsidiaries and business combinations Subsidiaries are those entities controlled by Eldorado. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. All intercompany transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full upon consolidation. The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business acquisitions. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets acquired, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any non-controlling interest. The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of Eldorado’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, which the Company incurs in connection with a business combination, are expensed as incurred. The material subsidiaries of the Company as at December 31, 2023 are described below:
Subsidiary | Location | Ownership interest | Operations and development projects owned
Tüprag Metal Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS ("Tüprag") | Turkiye | 100% | Kişladağ Mine Efemçukuru Mine
Hellas Gold Single Member S.A. ("Hellas") | Greece | 100% | Olympias Mine Stratoni Mine Skouries Project
Eldorado Gold (Québec) Inc. | Canada | 100% | Lamaque Complex
Thracean Gold Mining SA | Greece | 100% | Perama Hill Project
Thrace Minerals SA | Greece | 100% | Sapes Project
Deva Gold SA ("Deva") (1) | Romania | 80.5% | Certej Project
(1) In October 2022, the Certej project was reclassified to assets held for sale (Note 6). (ii) Discontinued operations Discontinued operations are presented in the consolidated statements of operations as a separate line. (iii) Assets held for sale Assets and businesses classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Impairment losses on initial classification as held for sale and gains or losses on subsequent remeasurements are included in the consolidated statements of operations. No depreciation is charged on assets and businesses classified as held for sale. Assets and businesses are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered or settled principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. The asset or business must be available for immediate sale and the sale must be highly probable within one year. 3. Material accounting policies (continued) (iv) Transactions with non-controlling interests For purchases from non-controlling interests, the difference between any consideration paid and the relevant share of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary acquired is recorded in equity. Gains or losses on disposals to non-controlling interests are also recorded in equity. Eldorado treats transactions in the ordinary course of business with non-controlling interests as transactions with third parties.
Foreign currency translation | 3.2 Foreign currency translation (i) Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each of Eldorado’s subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency, as well as the functional currency of all significant subsidiaries. (ii) Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
Property, plant and equipment | 3.3 Property, plant and equipment (i) Cost and valuation Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment in value. When an asset is disposed of, it is derecognized and the difference between its carrying value and net sales proceeds is recognized as a gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. (ii) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment includes expenditures incurred on properties under development, significant payments related to the acquisition of land, mineral rights and property, plant and equipment which are recorded at cost on initial acquisition. Cost includes the purchase price and the directly attributable costs of acquisition or construction required to bring an asset to the location and condition necessary for the asset to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management, including capitalized borrowing costs for qualifying assets. Proceeds from selling items before the related item of property, plant and equipment is available for use is recognized in profit or loss, together with the costs of producing those items. (iii) Deferred stripping costs Stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a surface mine are considered production costs and included in the cost of inventory produced during the period in which the stripping costs are incurred, unless the stripping activity can be shown to provide access to additional mineral reserves, in which case the stripping costs are capitalized. Stripping costs incurred to prepare the ore body for extraction are capitalized as mine development costs (pre-stripping). 3. Material accounting policies (continued) 3.3 Property, plant and equipment (continued) (iv) Depreciation Mine development costs, property, plant and equipment and other mining assets whose estimated useful life is the same as the remaining life of the mine are depreciated, depleted and amortized over a mine’s estimated life using the units-of-production method. Under this method, capitalized costs are multiplied by the number of tonnes mined, and divided by the estimated recoverable tonnes contained in proven and probable reserves and a portion of resources where it is considered highly probable that those resources will be economically extracted over the life of the mine. Management reviews the estimated total recoverable tonnes contained in reserves and resources annually, and when events and circumstances indicate that such a review should be made. To reflect the pattern in which each asset's future economic benefits are expected to be consumed based on current mine plans, inferred resources are included in total estimated recoverable tonnes on a mine by mine basis if it is considered highly probable that those resources will be economically extracted, and the amounts of highly probable inferred resources are significant. Changes to estimated total recoverable tonnes contained in reserves and resources are accounted for prospectively. Capitalized stripping costs are amortized on a unit-of-production basis over the proven and probable reserves to which they relate. Property, plant and equipment and other assets whose estimated useful lives are less than the remaining life of the mine are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Where components of an asset have a different useful life and the cost of the component is significant to the total cost of the asset, depreciation is calculated on each separate component. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each year and adjusted if appropriate. Assets under construction are capitalized as capital works in progress until the asset is available for use. Capital works in progress are not depreciated. Depreciation commences once the asset is complete and available for use. Certain mineral property, exploration and evaluation expenditures are capitalized and are not subject to depreciation until the property is ready for its intended use. (v) Subsequent costs Expenditure on major maintenance or repairs includes the cost of replacement parts of assets and overhaul costs. Where an asset or part of an asset is replaced and it is probable that further future economic benefit will flow to the Company, the expenditure is capitalized and the carrying value of the replaced asset or part of an asset is derecognized. Similarly, overhaul costs associated with major maintenance are capitalized when it is probable that future economic benefit will flow to the Company and any remaining costs of previous overhauls relating to the same asset are derecognized. All other expenditures are expensed as incurred. (vi) Borrowing costs Borrowing costs are expensed as incurred except where they are attributable to the financing of construction or development of qualifying assets requiring a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended future use. The Company has defined any period of 12 months and longer as a substantial period of time. Interest is capitalized up to the date when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use are complete. Interest is ceased to be capitalized during periods of prolonged suspension of construction or development. Borrowing costs are classified as cash outflows from operating activities on the statements of cash flows except for borrowing costs capitalized which are classified as investing activities. Investment income arising on the temporary investment of proceeds from borrowings specific to qualifying assets is offset against borrowing costs being capitalized. (vii) Mine standby costs and restructuring costs Mine standby costs and costs related to restructuring a mining operation are charged directly to expense in the period incurred. Mine standby costs include labour, maintenance and mine support costs incurred during temporary shutdowns of a mine or a development project.
Leases | 3.4 Leases A contract is or contains a lease when the contract conveys a right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, and subsequently at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and is adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. The cost of the right-of-use asset includes the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received, any initial direct costs; and if applicable, an estimate of costs to be incurred by the Company in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease. Right-of-use assets are presented in property, plant and equipment on the statements of financial position. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate reflects the rate of interest that the lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value in a similar economic environment with similar terms and conditions. The lease liability is subsequently increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by lease payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase or extension option is reasonably certain to be exercised or a termination option is reasonably certain not to be exercised. The Company applies judgement to determine the lease term for some lease contracts which contain renewal options. The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets, leases with lease terms that are less than 12 months at inception and arrangements for the use of land that grant the Company the right to explore, develop, produce or otherwise use the mineral resource contained in that land. Lease payments associated with these arrangements are instead recognized as an expense over the term on either a straight-line basis, or another systematic basis if more representative of the pattern of benefit. The Company applies judgement in determining whether an arrangement grants the Company the right to explore, develop, produce or otherwise use the mineral resource contained in that land.
Exploration, evaluation and development expenditures | 3.5 Exploration, evaluation and development expenditures (i) Exploration Exploration expenditures reflect the costs related to the initial search for mineral deposits with economic potential or obtaining more information about existing mineral deposits. Exploration expenditures typically include costs associated with the acquisition of mineral licences, prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in searching for mineral deposits. All expenditures relating to exploration activities are expensed as incurred except for the costs associated with the acquisition of mineral licences which are capitalized in property, plant and equipment. 3. Material accounting policies (continued) 3.5 Exploration, evaluation and development expenditures (continued) (ii) Evaluation Evaluation expenditures reflect costs incurred at projects related to establishing the technical and commercial viability of mineral deposits identified through exploration or acquired through a business combination or asset acquisition. Evaluation expenditures include the cost of: ▪establishing the volume and grade of deposits through drilling of core samples, trenching and sampling activities for an ore body that is classified as either a mineral resource or a proven and probable reserve; ▪determining the optimal methods of extraction and metallurgical and treatment processes; ▪studies related to surveying, transportation and infrastructure requirements; ▪permitting activities; and ▪economic evaluations to determine whether development of the mineralized material is commercially viable, including scoping, pre-feasibility and final feasibility studies. Evaluation expenditures are capitalized if management determines that there is evidence to support the probability of generating positive economic returns in the future. A mineral resource is considered to have economic potential when it is expected that the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extraction of the mineral resource can be demonstrated considering long-term metal prices. Therefore, prior to capitalizing such costs, management determines that the following conditions have been met: ▪There is a probable future benefit that will contribute to future cash inflows; ▪The Company can obtain the benefit and control access to it; and ▪The transaction or event giving rise to the benefit has already occurred. The evaluation phase is complete once technical feasibility of the extraction of the mineral deposit has been determined through preparation of a reserve and resource statement, including a mining plan as well as receipt of required permits and approval of the Board of Directors to proceed with development of the mine. On such date, capitalized evaluation costs are assessed for impairment and reclassified to development costs. (iii) Development Development expenditures are those that are incurred during the phase of preparing a mineral deposit for extraction and processing. These include pre-stripping costs and underground development costs to gain access to the ore that is suitable for sustaining commercial mining, preparing land, construction of plant, equipment and buildings and costs of commissioning the mine and processing facilities. Expenditures incurred on development projects continue to be capitalized until the mine and mill move into the production stage. The Company assesses each mine construction project to determine when a mine moves into the production stage. The criteria used to assess the start date are determined based on the nature of each mine construction project, such as the complexity of a plant or its location. Before such date, sales proceeds and their related production costs from the mine construction project are recognized in profit or loss. Various relevant criteria are considered to assess when the mine is substantially complete and ready for its intended use and moved into the production stage. The criteria considered include, but are not limited to, the following: ▪the level of capital expenditures compared to construction cost estimates; ▪the completion of a reasonable period of testing of mine plant and equipment; ▪the ability to produce minerals in saleable form (within specification); and ▪the ability to sustain ongoing production of minerals. 3. Material accounting policies (continued)
Goodwill | 3.6 Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Company’s share of the net assets of the acquired business at the date of acquisition. When the excess is negative (negative goodwill), it is recognized immediately in income. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries and businesses is shown separately as goodwill in the consolidated financial statements. Goodwill on acquisition of associates is included in investments in significantly influenced companies and tested for impairment as part of the overall investment. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses and tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may be impaired. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units (“CGUs") for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. If the composition of one or more CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated changes due to a reorganization, the goodwill is reallocated to the units affected.
Impairment of non-financial assets | 3.7 Impairment of non-financial assets Non-financial assets which include property, plant and equipment are reviewed each reporting period for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If such indicators exist, the Company determines the recoverable amount, and if applicable, recognizes an impairment loss. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less cost of disposal ("FVLCD") and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows or CGUs. Value in use is determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset in its present form and its eventual disposal. Value in use is determined by applying assumptions specific to the Company’s continued use of the asset and does not take into account assumptions of significant future enhancements of an asset’s performance or capacity to which the Company is not committed. FVLCD is the amount obtainable from the sale of an asset or CGU in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, less the costs of disposal. For mining assets, FVLCD is often estimated using a discounted cash flow approach because a fair value is not readily available from an active market or binding sale agreement. Estimated future cash flows are calculated using estimated future prices, mineral reserves and resources, operating and capital costs. All assumptions used are those that an independent market participant would consider appropriate. The estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Non-financial assets other than goodwill impaired in prior periods are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that an item of mineral property and equipment or CGU is no longer impaired. An impairment charge is reversed through the consolidated statements of operations only to the extent of the asset’s or CGU’s carrying amount that would have been determined net of applicable depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized. 3. Material accounting policies (continued)
Financial assets | 3.8 Financial assets (i) Classification and measurement The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) or at amortized cost. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. The classification of investments in debt instruments is driven by the business model for managing the financial assets and their contractual cash flow characteristics. Investments in debt instruments are measured at amortized cost if the business model is to hold the instrument for collection of contractual cash flows and those cash flows are solely principal and interest. If the business model is not to hold the debt instrument, it is classified as FVTPL. Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest. Equity instruments that are held for trading (including all equity derivative instruments) are classified as FVTPL. For other equity instruments, on the day of acquisition the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate them as FVTOCI. (a) Financial assets at FVTPL Financial assets carried as FVTPL are initially recorded at fair value with all transaction costs expensed in the consolidated statements of operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of the financial asset held at FVTPL are included in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they arise. Derivatives are also categorized as FVTPL unless they are designated as hedges. (b) Financial assets at FVTOCI Investments in equity instruments as FVTOCI are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at fair value, with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). There is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to net earnings (loss) following the derecognition of the investment. (c) Financial assets at amortized cost Financial assets at amortized cost are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any provisions for credit losses. (ii) Impairment of financial assets The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets that are measured at amortized cost. At each reporting date, the loss allowance for the financial asset is measured at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition. If at the reporting date, the credit risk on the financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the loss allowance is measured for the financial asset at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. For trade receivables the Company applies the simplified approach to providing for expected credit losses, which allows the use of a lifetime expected loss provision. Impairment losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost are reversed in subsequent periods if the amount of the loss decreases and the decrease can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized. (iii) Derecognition of financial assets Financial assets are derecognized when they mature or are sold, and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. Gains and losses on derecognition of financial assets classified as FVTPL or amortized cost are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains or losses on financial assets classified as FVTOCI remain within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). 3. Material accounting policies (continued)
Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities | 3.9 Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are remeasured at their fair value. Derivatives embedded in financial liability contracts are recognized separately if they are not closely related to the host contract. Derivatives, including embedded derivatives from financial liability contracts, are recorded on the statements of financial position at fair value and the unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. The method of recognizing any resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument and, if so, the nature of the item being hedged. Changes in the fair value of any derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of operations.
Inventories | 3.10 Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows: (i) Product inventory consists of stockpiled ore, ore on leach pads, crushed ore, in-circuit material at properties with milling or processing operations, gold concentrate, other metal concentrate, doré awaiting refinement and unsold bullion. Product inventory costs consist of direct production costs including mining, crushing and processing; site administration costs; and allocated indirect costs, including depreciation and amortization of mineral property, plant and equipment. Inventory costs are charged to production costs on the basis of quantity of metal sold. At operations where the ore extracted contains significant amounts of metals other than gold, primarily silver, lead and zinc, cost is allocated between the joint products. The Company regularly evaluates and refines estimates used in determining the costs charged to production costs and costs absorbed into inventory carrying values based upon actual gold recoveries and operating plans. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. A write-down is recorded when the carrying value of inventory is higher than its net realizable value. (ii) Materials and supplies inventory consists of consumables used in operations, such as fuel, chemicals, reagents and spare parts, which are valued at the lower of average cost and net realizable value and, where appropriate, less a provision for obsolescence. Costs include acquisition, freight and other directly attributable costs.
Trade receivables | 3.11 Trade receivables Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for the sale of bullion and metals in concentrate in the ordinary course of business. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Trade receivables are recorded net of lifetime expected credit losses. Settlement receivables arise from the sale of metals in concentrate where the amount receivable is finalized on settlement date based on the underlying commodity price. Settlement receivables are classified as fair value through profit and loss and are recorded at each reporting period at fair value based on forward metal prices. Changes in fair value of settlements receivable are recorded in revenue.
Debt and borrowings | 3.12 Debt and borrowings Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortized cost, calculated using the effective interest method. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities and other borrowings are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility and other borrowings will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw-down occurs at which time, these transaction costs are included in the carrying value of the amount drawn on the facility and amortized using the effective interest rate method. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility and borrowings will be drawn down, the fee is capitalized as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortized over the period the loan facility to which it relates is available to the Company.
Current and deferred income tax | 3.13 Current and deferred income tax Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations except to the extent that it relates to items recognized either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income or in equity, respectively. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Taxes on income in the interim periods are accrued using the tax rate that would be applicable to expected total annual earnings. The tax rate used is the rate that is substantively enacted. Deferred income tax is recognized on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is not recorded if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss or on temporary differences relating to the investment in subsidiaries to the extent that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the statements of financial position date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled. A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
Share-based payment arrangements | 3.14 Share-based payment arrangements Share-based payment arrangements related to stock option awards, deferred share units, equity settled restricted share units and performance share units are measured at fair value. Compensation expense for all stock options awarded to employees is measured based on the fair value of the options on the date of grant which is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For equity settled restricted share units, compensation expense is measured based on the quoted market value of the shares. For equity settled performance share units with market based vesting conditions, compensation expense is measured based on the fair value of the share units on the date of grant which is based on the expected future forward price of the Company's shares and an index consisting of global gold-based securities. Deferred share units are liability awards settled in cash and measured at the quoted market price at the grant date and the corresponding liability is adjusted for changes in fair value at each subsequent reporting date until the awards are settled. The fair value of the options, restricted share units, performance share units and deferred units are expensed over the vesting period of the awards with a corresponding increase in equity. No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest.
Asset retirement obligations | 3.15 Asset retirement obligations A provision is made for mine restoration and rehabilitation when an obligation is incurred. The provision is recognized as a liability with the corresponding cost included in the asset to which the obligation relates. At each reporting date the asset retirement obligation is remeasured to reflect changes in discount rates, and the timing or amount of the costs to be incurred. The provision recognized represents management’s best estimate of the present value of the future costs required. Significant estimates and assumptions are made in determining the amount of asset retirement obligations. Those estimates and assumptions deal with uncertainties such as: requirements of the relevant legal and regulatory frameworks, the magnitude of necessary remediation activities and the timing, extent and costs of required restoration and rehabilitation activities. These uncertainties may result in future actual expenditure differing from the amounts currently provided. The provision recognized is periodically reviewed and updated based on the facts and circumstances available at the time. Changes to the estimated future costs for operating sites are recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position by adjusting both the asset retirement obligation and related assets. Such changes result in changes in future depreciation and financial charges. Changes to the estimated future costs for sites that are closed, inactive, or where the related asset no longer exists, are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
Share capital | 3.16 Share capital Common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. Common shares held by the Company are classified as treasury stock and recorded as a reduction of shareholders’ equity. 20. Share capital Eldorado’s authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of voting common shares without par value. On June 14, 2023, the Company completed a private placement with EBRD consisting of 6,269,231 common shares at a price of CDN $13.00 per common share for gross proceeds of CDN $81,500 ($61,292). These proceeds (net of transaction costs of $1.4 million) are invested in the Skouries project, and have been credited against the Company's 20% equity funding commitment per the terms of the project financing facility that closed on April 5, 2023. On June 7, 2023, the Company completed a bought deal prospectus offering of 10,400,000 common shares at a price of CDN $13.00 per common share for gross proceeds of CDN $135,200 ($101,076). On June 6, 2023, the Company completed a private placement of 390,900 common shares at a price of CDN $19.18 per share for proceeds of CDN $7,498; and a private placement of 290,000 common shares at a price of CDN $17.24 per share for proceeds of CDN $4,998. The shares qualify as flow-through shares for Canadian tax purposes and were issued at premiums of CDN $6.02 per share and CDN $4.08 per share, respectively, to the closing market price of the Company's common shares at the date of issue. The combined premium of CDN $3,536 ($2,635) was recognized in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and will be recognized in other income as required expenditures are incurred and related tax benefits renounced. On March 14, 2022, the Company completed a private placement of 442,700 common shares at a price of CDN $18.07 per share for proceeds of CDN $8,000 ($6,378), which will be used to fund continued exploration. On the same date, the Company also completed a private placement of 251,800 common shares at a price of CDN $15.88 per share for proceeds of CDN $4,000 ($3,189), which will be used to fund the Triangle deposit ramp development. The shares will qualify as flow-through shares for Canadian tax purposes and were issued at a premium of CDN $4.19 and CDN $2.00 per share, respectively, to the closing market price of the Company’s common shares at the date of issue. The premium of $1,880 was recognized in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and will be recognized in other income once required expenditures are incurred and related tax benefits are renounced. In March 2022, the warrant holders of Eldorado Gold (Québec) Inc. (formerly QMX Gold Corporation) exercised 1,250,000 warrants that were issued and outstanding prior to the closing of the arrangement between the Company and QMX Gold Corporation on April 7, 2021, which resulted in the Company issuing 19,037 common shares in April 2022 in relation to this exercise. The remaining 500,000 warrants outstanding of Eldorado Gold (Québec) Inc. expired during the first quarter of 2022.
| 2023 |  | 2022
Voting common shares | Number of Shares | Total |  | Number of Shares | Total
Balance at January 1, | 184,800,571 |  | $ | 3,241,644 |  |  | 182,673,118 | $ | 3,225,326 |
Shares issued upon exercise of share options | 987,649 |  | 7,390 |  |  | 885,750 | 4,438 |
Shares issued on redemption of performance share units | — |  | — |  |  | 528,166 |  | 2,256 |
Estimated fair value of share options exercised transferred from contributed surplus | — |  | 3,112 |  |  | — |  | 1,787 |
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants | — |  | — |  |  | 19,037 |  | 213 |
Shares issued for private placement with EBRD, net of issuance costs | 6,269,231 |  | 59,873 |  |  | — |  | — |
Shares issued for bought deal offering, net of issuance costs | 10,400,000 |  | 94,718 |  |  | — |  | — |
Flow-through shares issued, net of issuance costs and premium | 680,900 |  | 6,628 |  |  | 694,500 |  | 7,624 |
Balance at December 31, | 203,138,351 |  | $ | 3,413,365 |  |  | 184,800,571 |  | $ | 3,241,644 |
Revenue recognition | 3.17 Revenue recognition Revenue is generated from the production and sale of doré, bullion and metals in concentrate. The Company’s performance obligations relate primarily to the delivery of these products to customers, with each shipment representing a separate performance obligation. Revenue from the sale of doré, bullion and metals in concentrates is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of the product to the customer and has a present right to payment for the product. (i) Metals in concentrate Control over metals in concentrates is transferred to the customer and revenue is recognized when the product is considered to be physically delivered to the customer under the terms of the customer contract. This is typically when the concentrate has been placed on board a vessel for shipment or delivered to a location specified by the customer. Metals in concentrate are sold under pricing arrangements where final prices are determined by market prices subsequent to the date of sale (the “quotational period”). Revenue from concentrate sales is recorded based on the estimated amounts to be received, based on the respective metal's forward price at the expected settlement date. Adjustments are made to settlements receivable in subsequent periods based on fluctuations in the forward prices until the date of final metal pricing. These subsequent changes in the fair value of the settlement receivable are recorded in revenue separate from revenue from contracts with customers. Provisional invoices for metals in concentrate sales are typically issued shortly after or on the passage of control of the product to the customer and the Company receives 90% - 95% of the provisional invoice at that time. Additional invoices are issued as final product weights and assays are determined over the quotational period. Provisionally invoiced amounts are generally collected promptly. (ii) Metals in doré The Company sells doré directly to refiners, or, refiners may receive doré from the Company to refine the materials on the Company’s behalf and arrange for sale of the refined metal. In the Turkiye operating segment, refined metals are sold at spot prices on the Precious Metal Market of the Borsa Istanbul. Sales proceeds are collected within several days of the completion of the sale transaction. Control over the refined gold or silver produced from doré is transferred to the customer and revenue recognized upon delivery to the customer’s bullion account on the Precious Metal Market of the Borsa Istanbul. In the Canada segment, doré and refined metals are sold at spot prices with sales proceeds collected within several days of the sales transaction. Control is typically transferred to the customer and revenue recognized upon delivery to a location specified by the customer.
Finance income and expenses | 3.18 Finance income and expenses Finance income includes interest income on funds invested (including financial assets carried at FVTPL) and changes in the fair value of financial assets at FVTPL. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the consolidated statements of operations, using the effective interest method. Finance expenses include borrowing costs, unwinding of the discount on provisions, changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and impairment losses recognized on financial assets. All borrowing costs are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations using the effective interest method, except for those amounts capitalized as part of the cost of qualifying property, plant and equipment.
Earnings (loss) per share | 3.19 Earnings (loss) per share The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its common shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the earnings or loss attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the earnings or loss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares, which comprise share options, restricted share units and performance share units granted to employees.

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