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LOANS AND LEASES | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2019
Receivables [Abstract] |
LOANS AND LEASES | LOANS AND LEASES Following is a summary of loans and leases, net of unearned income: TABLE 4.1
(in millions) | Originated Loans and Leases |  | Loans Acquired in a Business Combination |  | Total Loans and Leases
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 6,601 |  |  | $ | 2,231 |  |  | $ | 8,832 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,708 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 5,028 |
Commercial leases | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |
Other | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 11,731 |  |  | 2,551 |  |  | 14,282 |
Direct installment | 1,679 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 1,758 |
Residential mortgages | 2,573 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 3,022 |
Indirect installment | 1,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,968 |
Consumer lines of credit | 1,099 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 1,513 |
Total consumer loans | 7,319 |  |  | 942 |  |  | 8,261 |
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income | $ | 19,050 |  |  | $ | 3,493 |  |  | $ | 22,543 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 6,171 |  |  | $ | 2,615 |  |  | $ | 8,786 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,140 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 4,556 |
Commercial leases | 373 |  |  | — |  |  | 373 |
Other | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 10,730 |  |  | 3,031 |  |  | 13,761 |
Direct installment | 1,668 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1,764 |
Residential mortgages | 2,612 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 3,113 |
Indirect installment | 1,933 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,933 |
Consumer lines of credit | 1,119 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 1,582 |
Total consumer loans | 7,332 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 8,392 |
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income | $ | 18,062 |  |  | $ | 4,091 |  |  | $ | 22,153 |
The loans and leases portfolio categories are comprised of the following:
• | Commercial real estate includes both owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied loans secured by commercial properties;
• | Commercial and industrial includes loans to businesses that are not secured by real estate;
• | Commercial leases consist of leases for new or used equipment;
• | Other is comprised primarily of credit cards and mezzanine loans;
• | Direct installment is comprised of fixed-rate, closed-end consumer loans for personal, family or household use, such as home equity loans and automobile loans;
• | Residential mortgages consist of conventional and jumbo mortgage loans for 1-4 family properties;
• | Indirect installment is comprised of loans originated by approved third parties and underwritten by us, primarily automobile loans; and
• | Consumer lines of credit include home equity lines of credit and consumer lines of credit that are either unsecured or secured by collateral other than home equity.
The loans and leases portfolio consists principally of loans to individuals and small- and medium-sized businesses within our primary market in seven states and the District of Columbia. Our primary market coverage spans several major metropolitan areas including: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; Cleveland, Ohio; Washington, D.C.; and Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham and the Piedmont Triad (Winston-Salem, Greensboro and High Point) in North Carolina. The following table shows certain information relating to commercial real estate loans: TABLE 4.2
(dollars in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Commercial construction, acquisition and development loans | $ | 1,196 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |
Percent of total loans and leases | 5.3 | % |  | 5.2 | %
Commercial real estate: |  |  |
Percent owner-occupied | 31.7 | % |  | 35.1 | %
Percent non-owner-occupied | 68.3 | % |  | 64.9 | %
Additionally, as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had residential construction loans of $352.4 million and $273.4 million, representing 1.6% and 1.2% of total loans and leases, respectively. Loans Acquired in a Business Combination All loans acquired in a business combination were initially recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. Refer to the Loans Acquired in a Business Combination section in Note 1 of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of ASC 310-20 and ASC 310-30 loans. The outstanding balance and the carrying amount of loans acquired in a business combination included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows: TABLE 4.3
(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Accounted for under ASC 310-30: |  |  |
Outstanding balance | $ | 3,247 |  |  | $ | 3,768 |
Carrying amount | 2,998 |  |  | 3,570 |
Accounted for under ASC 310-20: |  |  |
Outstanding balance | 504 |  |  | 602 |
Carrying amount | 491 |  |  | 513 |
Total loans acquired in a business combination: |  |  |
Outstanding balance | 3,751 |  |  | 4,370 |
Carrying amount | 3,489 |  |  | 4,083 |
The outstanding balance is the undiscounted sum of all amounts owed under the loan, including amounts deemed principal, interest, fees, penalties and other, whether or not currently due and whether or not any such amounts have been written or charged-off. The carrying amount of purchased credit impaired loans included in the table above totaled $1.7 million at both June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, representing 0.05% and 0.04%, respectively, of the carrying amount of total loans acquired in a business combination as of each date. The following table provides changes in accretable yield for all loans acquired in business combinations that are accounted for under ASC 310-30. Loans accounted for under ASC 310-20 are not included in this table. TABLE 4.4
| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 605 |  |  | $ | 708 |
Reduction due to unexpected early payoffs | (39 | ) |  | (94 | )
Reclass from non-accretable difference to accretable yield | 58 |  |  | 129 |
Other | — |  |  | (2 | )
Accretion | (96 | ) |  | (116 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | 625 |
Cash flows expected to be collected on loans acquired in business combinations are estimated quarterly by incorporating several key assumptions similar to the initial estimate of fair value. These key assumptions include probability of default and the amount of actual prepayments after the acquisition date. Prepayments affect the estimated life of the loans and could change the amount of interest income. In reforecasting future estimated cash flows, credit loss expectations are adjusted as necessary. Improved cash flow expectations for loans or pools are recorded first as a reversal of previously recorded impairment, if any, and then as an increase in prospective yield when all previously recorded impairment has been recaptured. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment through a charge to the provision for credit losses and credit to the allowance for credit losses. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition over recorded fair value is referred to as the accretable yield. The accretable yield is recognized into income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool of loans, using an effective yield method, since the timing and/or amount of cash flows expected to be collected can be reasonably estimated (the accretion model). The difference between the loan’s total scheduled principal and interest payments over all cash flows expected at acquisition is referred to as the non-accretable difference. The non-accretable difference represents contractually required principal and interest payments which we do not expect to collect. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, there was an overall improvement in cash flow expectations which resulted in a net reclassification of $58.1 million from the non-accretable difference to accretable yield primarily driven by overall improvement in the primary credit quality indicators of the majority of the acquired loan pools. This reclassification was $129.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The reclassification from the non-accretable difference to the accretable yield results in prospective yield adjustments on the loan pools. Credit Quality Management monitors the credit quality of our loan portfolio using several performance measures based on payment activity and borrower performance. Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and non-performing TDRs. Past due loans are reviewed on a monthly basis to identify loans for non-accrual status. We place loans on non-accrual status and discontinue interest accruals on loans generally when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for a certain number of days or when the full amount of principal and interest is due and has remained unpaid for a certain number of days, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Commercial loans and leases are placed on non-accrual at 90 days, installment loans are placed on non-accrual at 120 days and residential mortgages and consumer lines of credit are placed on non-accrual at 180 days, though we may place a loan on non-accrual prior to these past due thresholds as warranted. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Non-accrual loans may not be restored to accrual status until all delinquent principal and interest have been paid and the ultimate ability to collect the remaining principal and interest is reasonably assured. The majority of TDRs are loans in which we have granted a concession on the original repayment terms due to the borrower’s financial distress. Following is a summary of non-performing assets: TABLE 4.5
(dollars in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Non-accrual loans | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 79 |
Troubled debt restructurings | 19 |  |  | 21 |
Total non-performing loans | 93 |  |  | 100 |
Other real estate owned | 32 |  |  | 35 |
Total non-performing assets | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 135 |
Asset quality ratios: |  |  |
Non-performing loans / total loans and leases | 0.41 | % |  | 0.45 | %
Non-performing loans + OREO / total loans and leases + OREO | 0.55 | % |  | 0.61 | %
Non-performing assets / total assets | 0.37 | % |  | 0.41 | %
The carrying value of residential other real estate owned held as a result of obtaining physical possession upon completion of a foreclosure or through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure amounted to $3.2 million at June 30, 2019 and $6.3 million at December 31, 2018. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 totaled $9.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively. The following tables provide an analysis of the aging of loans by class segregated by loans and leases originated and loans acquired: TABLE 4.6
(in millions) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | > 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing |  | Non- Accrual |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans and Leases
Originated Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 6,567 |  |  | $ | 6,601 |
Commercial and industrial | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 4,684 |  |  | 4,708 |
Commercial leases | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 379 |  |  | 385 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 37 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 11,666 |  |  | 11,731 |
Direct installment | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,665 |  |  | 1,679 |
Residential mortgages | 16 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 2,547 |  |  | 2,573 |
Indirect installment | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1,956 |  |  | 1,968 |
Consumer lines of credit | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | 1,099 |
Total consumer loans | 36 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 7,258 |  |  | 7,319 |
Total originated loans and leases | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 18,924 |  |  | $ | 19,050 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 6,147 |  |  | $ | 6,171 |
Commercial and industrial | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 4,116 |  |  | 4,140 |
Commercial leases | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 373 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 46 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 10,678 |  |  | 10,730 |
Direct installment | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1,652 |  |  | 1,668 |
Residential mortgages | 16 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,587 |  |  | 2,612 |
Indirect installment | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | 1,933 |
Consumer lines of credit | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | 1,119 |
Total consumer loans | 40 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 7,268 |  |  | 7,332 |
Total originated loans and leases | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 17,946 |  |  | $ | 18,062 |
(in millions) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | > 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing |  | Non- Accrual |  | Total Past Due (1) (2) |  | Current |  | (Discount) Premium |  | Total Loans
Loans Acquired in a Business Combination |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 2,332 |  |  | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | 2,231 |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 336 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | 320 |
Total commercial loans | 20 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 2,668 |  |  | (177 | ) |  | 2,551 |
Direct installment | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Residential mortgages | 12 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 449 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 449 |
Consumer lines of credit | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 413 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 414 |
Total consumer loans | 20 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 939 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 942 |
Total loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 3,607 |  |  | $ | (202 | ) |  | $ | 3,493 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 2,723 |  |  | $ | (168 | ) |  | $ | 2,615 |
Commercial and industrial | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 420 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | 416 |
Total commercial loans | 22 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 3,143 |  |  | (196 | ) |  | 3,031 |
Direct installment | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | 96 |
Residential mortgages | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 498 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 501 |
Consumer lines of credit | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 461 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 463 |
Total consumer loans | 24 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | 1,060 |
Total loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 4,193 |  |  | $ | (222 | ) |  | $ | 4,091 |
(1) | Loans acquired in a business combination are considered performing upon acquisition, regardless of whether the customer is contractually delinquent, if we can reasonably estimate the timing and amount of expected cash flows on such loans. In these instances, we do not consider acquired contractually delinquent loans to be non-accrual or non-performing and continue to recognize interest income on these loans using the accretion method. Loans acquired in a business combination are considered non-accrual or non-performing when, due to credit deterioration or other factors, we determine we are no longer able to reasonably estimate the timing and amount of expected cash flows on such loans. We do not recognize interest income on loans acquired in a business combination considered non-accrual or non-performing.
(2) | Past due information for loans acquired in a business combination is based on the contractual balance outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
We utilize the following categories to monitor credit quality within our commercial loan and lease portfolio: TABLE 4.7
Rating Category | Definition
Pass | in general, the condition of the borrower and the performance of the loan is satisfactory or better
Special Mention | in general, the condition of the borrower has deteriorated, requiring an increased level of monitoring
Substandard | in general, the condition of the borrower has significantly deteriorated and the performance of the loan could further deteriorate if deficiencies are not corrected
Doubtful | in general, the condition of the borrower has significantly deteriorated and the collection in full of both principal and interest is highly questionable or improbable
The use of these internally assigned credit quality categories within the commercial loan and lease portfolio permits management’s use of transition matrices to estimate a quantitative portion of credit risk. Our internal credit risk grading system is based on past experiences with similarly graded loans and leases and conforms with regulatory categories. In general, loan and lease risk ratings within each category are reviewed on an ongoing basis according to our policy for each class of loans and leases. Each quarter, management analyzes the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the commercial loan and lease portfolio. Loans and leases within the Pass credit category or that migrate toward the Pass credit category generally have a lower risk of loss compared to loans and leases that migrate toward the Substandard or Doubtful credit categories. Accordingly, management applies higher risk factors to Substandard and Doubtful credit categories. The following tables present a summary of our commercial loans and leases by credit quality category, segregated by loans and leases originated and loans acquired: TABLE 4.8
| Commercial Loan and Lease Credit Quality Categories
(in millions) | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Originated Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 6,309 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 6,601 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,419 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,708 |
Commercial leases | 375 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |
Other | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Total originated commercial loans and leases | $ | 11,139 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 11,731 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 5,883 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,171 |
Commercial and industrial | 3,879 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,140 |
Commercial leases | 366 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 373 |
Other | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Total originated commercial loans and leases | $ | 10,173 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,730 |
Loans Acquired in a Business Combination |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 1,926 |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,231 |
Commercial and industrial | 274 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 320 |
Total commercial loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 2,200 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,551 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 2,256 |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,615 |
Commercial and industrial | 355 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |
Total commercial loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 2,611 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,031 |
Credit quality information for loans acquired in a business combination is based on the contractual balance outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. We use delinquency transition matrices within the consumer and other loan classes to enable management to estimate a quantitative portion of credit risk. Each month, management analyzes payment and volume activity, Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) scores and other external factors such as unemployment, to determine how consumer loans are performing. Following is a table showing consumer loans by payment status: TABLE 4.9
| Consumer Loan Credit Quality by Payment Status
(in millions) | Performing |  | Non- Performing |  | Total
Originated Loans |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Direct installment | $ | 1,665 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 1,679 |
Residential mortgages | 2,557 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 2,573 |
Indirect installment | 1,966 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,968 |
Consumer lines of credit | 1,095 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,099 |
Total originated consumer loans | $ | 7,283 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 7,319 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Direct installment | $ | 1,654 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 1,668 |
Residential mortgages | 2,598 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,612 |
Indirect installment | 1,931 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,933 |
Consumer lines of credit | 1,114 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,119 |
Total originated consumer loans | $ | 7,297 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 7,332 |
Loans Acquired in a Business Combination |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Direct installment | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79 |
Residential mortgages | 449 |  |  | — |  |  | 449 |
Consumer lines of credit | 413 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 414 |
Total consumer loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 941 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 942 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Direct installment | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 96 |
Residential mortgages | 501 |  |  | — |  |  | 501 |
Consumer lines of credit | 462 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 463 |
Total consumer loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 1,059 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,060 |
Loans are designated as impaired when, in the opinion of management, based on current information and events, the collection of principal and interest in accordance with the loan and lease contract is doubtful. Typically, we do not consider loans for impairment unless a sustained period of delinquency (i.e., 90-plus days) is noted or there are subsequent events that impact repayment probability (i.e., negative financial trends, bankruptcy filings, imminent foreclosure proceedings, etc.). Effective July 1, 2018, we changed our threshold for measuring impairment on a collective basis. Impairment is evaluated in the aggregate for consumer installment loans, residential mortgages, consumer lines of credit and commercial loan relationships less than $1.0 million based on loan segment loss given default. For commercial loan relationships greater than or equal to $1.0 million, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a market interest rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the sale of the collateral. Consistent with our existing method of income recognition for loans, interest income on impaired loans, except those classified as non-accrual, is recognized using the accrual method. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Following is a summary of information pertaining to loans and leases considered to be impaired, by class of loan and lease: TABLE 4.10
(in millions) | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment With No Specific Reserve |  | Recorded Investment With Specific Reserve |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Specific Reserve |  | Average Recorded Investment
At or for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Commercial and industrial | 22 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |
Commercial leases | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 55 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 43 |
Direct installment | 17 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Residential mortgages | 18 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Indirect installment | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Consumer lines of credit | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Total consumer loans | 47 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Total | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 79 |
At or for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |
Commercial and industrial | 46 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 32 |
Commercial leases | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Total commercial loans and leases | 68 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 54 |
Direct installment | 17 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Residential mortgages | 16 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Indirect installment | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Consumer lines of credit | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Total consumer loans | 45 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Total | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Interest income continued to accrue on certain impaired loans and totaled approximately $3.0 million and $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The above tables include one loan acquired in a business combination with a specific reserve at December 31, 2018. Following is a summary of the allowance for credit losses required for loans acquired in a business combination due to changes in credit quality subsequent to the acquisition date: TABLE 4.11
(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Commercial real estate | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | 4 |
Total commercial loans | 3 |  |  | 6 |
Direct installment | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Residential mortgages | 1 |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Total allowance on loans acquired in a business combination | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Troubled Debt Restructurings TDRs are loans whose contractual terms have been modified in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. TDRs typically result from loss mitigation activities and could include the extension of a maturity date, interest rate reduction, principal forgiveness, deferral or decrease in payments for a period of time and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. Following is a summary of the composition of total TDRs: TABLE 4.12
(in millions) | Originated |  | Acquired |  | Total
June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Accruing: |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19 |
Non-performing | 16 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |
Non-accrual | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Total TDRs | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 54 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Accruing: |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |
Non-performing | 17 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 21 |
Non-accrual | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Total TDRs | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 48 |
TDRs that are accruing and performing include loans that met the criteria for non-accrual of interest prior to restructuring for which we can reasonably estimate the timing and amount of the expected cash flows on such loans and for which we expect to fully collect the new carrying value of the loans. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we returned to performing status $3.1 million in restructured residential mortgage loans that have consistently met their modified obligations for more than six months. TDRs that are accruing and non-performing are comprised of consumer loans that have not demonstrated a consistent repayment pattern on the modified terms for more than six months, however it is expected that we will collect all future principal and interest payments. TDRs that are on non-accrual are not placed on accruing status until all delinquent principal and interest have been paid and the ultimate collectability of the remaining principal and interest is reasonably assured. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as modified, and may result in potential incremental losses which are factored into the allowance for credit losses. Excluding purchased credit impaired loans, commercial loans over $1.0 million whose terms have been modified in a TDR are generally placed on non-accrual, individually analyzed and measured for estimated impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Our allowance for credit losses included specific reserves for commercial TDRs and pooled reserves for individually impaired loans under $1.0 million based on loan segment loss given default. Our allowance for loan losses includes specific reserves for commercial TDRs of less than $0.5 million at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and pooled reserves for individual loans of $0.9 million and $0.5 million for those same respective periods, based on loan segment loss given default. Upon default, the amount of the recorded investment in the TDR in excess of the fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs, is generally considered a confirmed loss and is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses.
All other classes of loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR are pooled and measured for estimated impairment based on the expected net present value of the estimated future cash flows of the pool. Our allowance for credit losses included pooled reserves for these classes of loans of $3.8 million for June 30, 2019 and $4.0 million for December 31, 2018. Upon default of an individual loan, our charge-off policy is followed for that class of loan. Following is a summary of TDR loans, by class: TABLE 4.13
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial real estate | 11 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Commercial and industrial | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |
Total commercial loans | 13 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 8 |
Direct installment | 14 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Residential mortgages | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Consumer lines of credit | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 28 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Total | 41 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | 81 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 10 |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial real estate | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | 13 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Total commercial loans | 14 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Direct installment | 178 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Residential mortgages | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Indirect installment | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer lines of credit | 22 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 215 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |
Total | 229 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 447 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 6 |
The year-to-date items in the above tables have been adjusted for loans that have been paid off and/or sold. Following is a summary of originated TDRs, by class, for which there was a payment default, excluding loans that have been paid off and/or sold. Default occurs when a loan is 90 days or more past due and is within 12 months of restructuring. TABLE 4.14
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial real estate | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Direct installment | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | — |
Residential mortgages | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Consumer lines of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Total | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | — |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(dollars in millions) | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment
Direct installment | 41 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Residential mortgages | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |
Indirect installment | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |
Consumer lines of credit | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1 |
Total | 51 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 96 |  |  | $ | 1 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2196772 + Details
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