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Revenue and Contracts with Customers
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contract with Customer REVENUE AND CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenue from SWU and uranium sales disaggregated by geographical region based on the billing addresses of customers (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
United States$16.9 $7.4 $148.4 $27.3 
Foreign 23.6 12.8 38.5 96.1
Revenue - SWU and uranium$40.5 $20.2 $186.9 $123.4 

Refer to Note 13, Segment Information, for disaggregation of revenue by segment. SWU sales are made primarily to electric utility customers and uranium sales are made primarily to other nuclear fuel related companies. Technical Solutions revenue resulted primarily from services provided to the U.S. government and its contractors. SWU and uranium revenue is recognized at a point in time and Technical Solutions revenue is generally recognized over time based on direct costs incurred or the right to invoice method (in situations where the value transferred matches the Company’s billing rights) as the customer receives and consumes the benefits.

Accounts Receivable
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(in millions)
Accounts receivable:
Billed$2.1 $29.0 
Unbilled *7.3 9.1 
Accounts receivable$9.4 $38.1 
* Billings under certain contracts in the Technical Solutions segment are invoiced based on approved provisional billing rates. Unbilled revenue represents the difference between actual costs incurred and invoiced amounts. The Company expects to invoice and collect the unbilled amounts after actual rates are submitted to the customer and approved. Unbilled revenue also includes unconditional rights to payment that are not yet billable under applicable contracts pending the compilation of supporting documentation.

Contract Liabilities

The following table presents changes in contract liability balances (in millions):
September 30, 
 2023		December 31, 
 2022		Year-To-Date Change
Accrued loss on HALEU Operation Contract:
Current - Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$3.3 $20.0 $(16.7)
Deferred revenue - current$242.5 $258.4 $(15.9)
Advances from customers - current$30.2 $14.8 $15.4 
Advances from customers - noncurrent$32.8 $46.2 $(13.4)

Previously deferred sales and advances from customers recognized in revenue totaled $23.6 million and $59.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
LEU Segment

The SWU component of LEU typically is bought and sold under contracts with deliveries over several years. The Company’s agreements for natural uranium hexafluoride and uranium concentrate sales generally are shorter-term, fixed-commitment contracts. The Company’s sales under contract in the Order Book extend to 2030. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Order Book was approximately $1.0 billion. The Order Book represents the estimated aggregate dollar amount of revenue for future SWU and uranium deliveries under contract and includes approximately $306 million and $319 million of Deferred Revenue and Advances from Customers at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Most of the Company’s customer contracts provide for fixed purchases of SWU during a given year. The Company’s Order Book is partially based on customers’ estimates of the timing and size of their fuel requirements and other assumptions that are subject to change. For example, depending on the terms of specific contracts, the customer may be able to increase or decrease the quantity delivered within an agreed range. The Company’s Order Book estimate also is based on the Company’s estimates of selling prices, which may be subject to change. For example, depending on the terms of specific contracts, prices may be adjusted based on escalation using a general inflation index, published SWU price indicators prevailing at the time of delivery, and other factors, all of which are variable. The Company uses external composite forecasts of future market prices and inflation rates in its pricing estimates.

Technical Solutions Segment

Revenue for the Technical Solutions segment, representing the Company’s technical, manufacturing, engineering, procurement, construction, and operations services offered to public and private sector customers, is recognized over the contractual period as services are rendered.

In 2019, the Company entered into a cost-share contract with the DOE, the HALEU Demonstration Contract, to deploy a cascade of centrifuges to demonstrate production of HALEU for advanced reactors. The DOE agreed to reimburse the Company for 80% of its costs incurred in performing the contract. The DOE modified the contract several times to increase the total contract funding to $173.0 million and to extend the period of performance to November 30, 2022. The impact to Cost of Sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, is $0 and $0.5 million, respectively, for previously accrued contract losses attributable to work performed in the periods. As of September 30, 2023, a total of $19.6 million of previously accrued contract losses have been realized and the accrued contract loss balance included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is $0. The Company has recorded revenue up to the funded amount of $173.0 million and received aggregate cash payments under the HALEU Demonstration Contract of $171.2 million through September 30, 2023.

In 2022, DOE elected to move the operational portion of the HALEU demonstration to a subsequent, competitively awarded contract that allows for a much longer period of operation than would have been possible under the original contract. On November 10, 2022, after a competitive solicitation, the DOE awarded the HALEU Operation Contract to the Company and work began on December 1, 2022. The base contract value is approximately $150 million in two phases through 2024. Phase 1 includes an approximately $30 million cost share contribution from Centrus matched by approximately $30 million from the DOE to complete construction of the cascade, begin operations and produce the initial 20 kilograms of HALEU UF6 by no later than December 31, 2023. On October 11, 2023, the Company announced that it began enrichment operations in Piketon, Ohio. On November 7, 2023, the Company announced that it made its first delivery of HALEU to the DOE, completing Phase 1 by successfully demonstrating its HALEU production process.
Phase 2 of the HALEU Operation Contract includes continued operations and maintenance, and production for a full year at an annual production rate of 900 kilograms of HALEU UF6. The DOE will own the HALEU produced from the demonstration cascade and Centrus will be compensated on a cost-plus-incentive-fee basis, with an expected Phase 2 contract value of approximately $90 million, subject to Congressional appropriations. The HALEU Operation Contract also gives DOE options to pay for up to nine additional years of production from the cascade beyond the base contract; those options are at the DOE’s sole discretion and subject to the availability of Congressional appropriations.

Under the HALEU Operation Contract, DOE is obligated to provide the 5B cylinders necessary to collect the output of the cascade, but supply chain challenges have created difficulties for DOE in securing enough 5B cylinders for the entire year. Centrus’ delivery of the 900 kilograms is subject to the ability of DOE to provide the 5B cylinders on a timeline that allows for continuous production throughout the year. Centrus anticipates that any potential bottleneck in obtaining 5B cylinders will be temporary and that the supply chain for the 5B cylinders will ramp up over time now that HALEU production is under way.

To support the DOE in mitigating the risk of delayed delivery of 5B cylinders, the Company received technical direction from the DOE to procure compliant 5B cylinders and components while the contractual obligation to furnish compliant 5B cylinders under the HALEU Operation Contract continues to rest with the DOE. The Company is also performing additional work on infrastructure and facility repairs under DOE’s technical direction. On September 28, 2023, the DOE modified the HALEU Operation Contract to incorporate additional scope, which are not subject to cost-share, for infrastructure and facility repairs, and costs associated with 5B cylinder refurbishment, for an estimated additional contract value of $5.8 million. On October 19, 2023, the DOE provided additional funding of $5.5 million for the additional scope under the HALEU Operation Contract.

The impact to Cost of Sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is $5.4 million and $16.7 million, respectively, for previously accrued contract losses attributable to work performed in the period. As of September 30, 2023, a total of $18.0 million of previously accrued contract losses has been realized. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining accrued contract loss balance of $3.3 million and $20.0 million, respectively, is included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities. The HALEU Operation Contract is funded incrementally and the DOE currently is obligated for costs up to approximately $38.8 million of the $125.9 million estimated transaction price for Phase 1, Phase 2, and additional scope work. The Company has received aggregate cash payments under the HALEU Operation Contract of $22.1 million through September 30, 2023.

The Company does not have a contractual obligation to perform work in excess of the funding provided by the DOE. If the DOE does not commit to additional costs above the existing funding, the Company may incur material additional costs or losses in future periods that could have an adverse impact on its financial condition and liquidity.