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3. RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting standards adopted

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09 (“ASU 2016-09”), Compensation—Stock Compensation, (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, which arise due to differences between the measure of compensation expense and the amount deductible for tax purposes, to be recorded directly through the statement of operations when awards vest or are settled. In addition, cash flows related to excess tax benefits will no longer be classified separately as a financing activity apart from other tax cash flows. We elected to early adopt the new guidance for the year ended December 31, 2016. Upon adoption using the modified retrospective transition method, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to recognize previously unrecognized excess tax benefits which increased deferred tax assets and reduced accumulated deficit by $7.1 million. The current net tax benefit for 2016 resulting from adoption of the new guidance is approximately $400,000 and is reflected in our tax provision.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17 (“ASU 2015-17”), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. ASU 2015-17 changes the classification of deferred taxes to be a noncurrent asset or liability regardless of the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. The prospective adoption resulted in a reclassification of $22.3 million from current deferred tax assets to non-current deferred tax assets in our December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet, and had no impact on our consolidated statement of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16 (“ASU 2015-16”), Business Combinations, (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which we adopted prospectively in 2016. ASU 2015-16 eliminates the requirement to retrospectively apply adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. An entity will now recognize any adjustments in the reporting period in which the amounts are determined, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Disclosure is required for the portion of adjustments recorded in current-period earnings that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods had they been recognized as of the acquisition date. The update has had no material effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15 (“ASU 2015-15”), Interest – Imputation of Interest, (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements. ASU 2015-15 provides additional guidance to the presentation of debt issuance costs discussed originally in ASU No. 2015-03, which was issued in April 2015 and described below. ASU 2015-15 noted that ASU 2015-03 did not address the debt issue costs in regards to line-of-credit arrangements, which by their nature have fluctuating balances. ASU 2015-15 permits debt issuance costs specifically related to line-of-credit arrangements to be presented as an asset with subsequent amortization to interest expense ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the arrangement. The update has had no material effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2015-03 (“ASU 2015-03”), Interest – Imputation of Interest, (Subtopic 835-30). ASU 2015-03 changes the accounting method for debt issuance costs from a deferred charge (i.e. an asset) to a contra liability in part because such costs provide no future economic benefit. Debt issue costs related to a recognized debt liability are to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with the presentation of debt discounts. The update is effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within fiscal years) beginning after December 15, 2015. As a result of adopting the update $2.0 million was reclassified to debt discount in the first quarter of 2016. The impact on our December 31, 2015 consolidated balance sheet was as follows:

In thousands	As previously reported		Impact of adoption			As currently reported
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	40,139		(1,153	)		38,986
Deferred financing costs, net of current portion		3,696		(855	)		2,841
Others		794,600		–			794,600
Total assets	$	838,435	$	(2,008	)	$	836,427
Current portion of notes payable		23,076		(693	)		22,383
Notes payable, net of current portion		601,229		(1,315	)		599,914
Others		177,669		–			177,669
Total liabilities		801,974		(2,008	)		799,966
Total equity		36,461		–			36,461
Total liabilities and equity	$	838,435	$	(2,008	)	$	836,427

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02 (“ASU 2015-02”), Consolidation – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, (Topic 810). ASU 2015-02 changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. It is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Adoption of this update in 2016 did not have a material effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 ("ASU 2017-04"), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (i.e., Step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value (i.e., measure the charge based on the current Step 1). ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual and any interim impairment tests for periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect of this guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 ("ASU 2017-01"), Clarifying the Definition of a Business. ASU 2017-01 changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is considered a business. ASU 2017-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017 including interim periods within those periods. We are evaluating the effect of this guidance.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 (“ASU 2016-02”), Leases, (Topic 842): Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. ASU 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within fiscal years) beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted for all entities. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements, but expect this adoption will result in a significant increase in the assets and liabilities related to our leased properties and equipment.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 (“ASU 2014-09”), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services. It also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. We are continuing to evaluate the effects the adoption of this standard will have on our financial statements and financial disclosures. We believe the most significant impact will be to the presentation of our statement of operations where the provision for bad debts will be recorded as a direct reduction to revenues and will not be presented as a separate line item. We expect to adopt the new standard using the full retrospective application.