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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS | GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill is recorded as a result of business combinations. Activity in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 is provided below (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | $256,776
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Imaging Services Company of New York, LLC | 2,692 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of MemorialCare Medical Foundation | 545 |
Goodwill transferred to assets held for sale | (1,059 | )
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Women's Imaging Specialists in Healthcare | 4268 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Valley Metabolic Imaging | 1,469 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Sierra Imaging Associates | 1,147 |
Goodwill disposed through the sale of plastic surgery unit | (80 | )
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Washington Heights Medical Management | 2,303 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Medical Arts Radiological Group, P.C. | 41,469 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Arcadia Radiology Imaging Services, LLC | 2,582 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Southern California Diagnostic Imaging, Inc. | 41 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Orange County Diagnostics Imaging Center, Inc. | 3,618 |
Goodwill acquired through assuming operational control of New Jersey Imaging Network, LLC | 106,122 |
Goodwill impaired in the Imaging On Call reporting unit | (3,800 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | 418,093 |
Adjustments to our preliminary allocation of the purchase price of Medical Arts Radiological Group, P.C. | 722 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Dignity Health | 1 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of West Valley Imaging Center, LLC | 2,490 |
Goodwill disposed through sale of assets | (123 | )
Goodwill acquired by Lenox Hill Radiology through the membership purchase of HVRA | 3,125 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Kern Radiology, Inc. | 10,507 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Zilkha Radiology, Inc. | 2,577 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of certain assets of Ramic Mahwah, LLC | 231 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of GSRN | 2,021 |
Goodwill acquired through the acquisition of Nulogix | 1,337 |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $440,981
The amount of goodwill from these acquisitions that is deductible for tax purposes as of December 31, 2019 is $160.5 million. Other intangible assets are primarily related to our business combinations and software development. They include the estimated fair values of such items as service agreements, customer lists, covenants not to compete, acquired technologies, and trade names. Total amortization expense was $3.1 million, $2.7 million, and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful life determined at acquisition. Management service agreements are amortized over 25 years using the straight line method. Software development is capitalized and amortized over the useful life of the software when placed into service. Trade names are reviewed annually for impairment. The following table shows annual amortization expense, by asset classes that will be recorded over the next five years (in thousands):
| 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |  | Weighted average amortization period remaining in years
Management Service Contracts | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 2,287 |  |  | $ | 15,820 |  |  | $ | 27,255 |  |  | 11.9 |
Covenant not to compete and other contracts | 759 |  |  | 699 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 2,916 |  |  | 4.4 |
Developed Technology | 244 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 142 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 630 |  |  | 2.6 |
Trade Names amortized | 142 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 618 |  |  | 8.4 |
Trade Names indefinite life | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,270 |  |  | 11,270 |  |  | — |
Software in development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |  |  | 305 |  |  | — |
Total Annual Amortization | $ | 3,432 |  |  | $ | 3,299 |  |  | $ | 3,148 |  |  | $ | 2,885 |  |  | $ | 2,474 |  |  | $ | 27,756 |  |  | $ | 42,994 |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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