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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for the quarterly period ended April 30, 2023.
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for the transition period from ____ to ____.
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-09235

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |  |  | 93-0768752
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)
601 E. Beardsley Ave., Elkhart, IN |  | 46514-3305
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)
|  | (574) 970-7460 |  |
| (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
| None |
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

|  |  |  |  |  | Name of each exchange
Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | on which registered
Common stock (Par value $0.10 Per Share) |  | THO |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☑
As of May 31, 2023, 53,308,174 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.10 per share, were outstanding.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Unless otherwise indicated, amounts in thousands except share and per share data.)
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
THOR INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

| April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 353,226 |  |  | $ | 311,553 |
Accounts receivable, trade, net | 731,753 |  |  | 848,814 |
Accounts receivable, other, net | 79,790 |  |  | 95,367 |
Inventories, net | 1,864,755 |  |  | 1,754,773 |
Prepaid income taxes, expenses and other | 55,249 |  |  | 51,972 |
Total current assets | 3,084,773 |  |  | 3,062,479 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,360,144 |  |  | 1,258,159 |
Other assets: |  |  |
Goodwill | 1,796,743 |  |  | 1,804,151 |
Amortizable intangible assets, net | 1,030,833 |  |  | 1,117,492 |
Deferred income tax assets, net | 8,019 |  |  | 7,950 |
Equity investments | 128,325 |  |  | 10,811 |
Other | 145,122 |  |  | 147,090 |
Total other assets | 3,109,042 |  |  | 3,087,494 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 7,553,959 |  |  | $ | 7,408,132 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 793,977 |  |  | $ | 822,449 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 11,268 |  |  | 13,190 |
Short-term financial obligations | 40,025 |  |  | 21,403 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |
Compensation and related items | 196,322 |  |  | 254,772 |
Product warranties | 339,698 |  |  | 317,908 |
Income and other taxes | 61,679 |  |  | 57,391 |
Promotions and rebates | 158,015 |  |  | 134,298 |
Product, property and related liabilities | 58,015 |  |  | 61,700 |
Other | 61,541 |  |  | 72,805 |
Total current liabilities | 1,720,540 |  |  | 1,755,916 |
Long-term debt, net | 1,641,076 |  |  | 1,754,239 |
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | 103,156 |  |  | 115,931 |
Unrecognized tax benefits | 18,950 |  |  | 17,243 |
Other liabilities | 171,961 |  |  | 164,149 |
Total long-term liabilities | 1,935,143 |  |  | 2,051,562 |
Contingent liabilities and commitments |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock – authorized 1,000,000 shares; none outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock – par value of $.10 per share; authorized 250,000,000 shares; issued 66,334,072 and 66,059,403 shares, respectively | 6,633 |  |  | 6,606 |
Additional paid-in capital | 527,200 |  |  | 497,946 |
Retained earnings | 4,025,267 |  |  | 3,813,261 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (74,928) |  |  | (181,607) |
Less treasury shares of 13,025,898 and 12,382,441, respectively, at cost | (592,275) |  |  | (543,344) |
Stockholders’ equity attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. | 3,891,897 |  |  | 3,592,862 |
Non-controlling interests | 6,379 |  |  | 7,792 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 3,898,276 |  |  | 3,600,654 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 7,553,959 |  |  | $ | 7,408,132 |

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net sales | $ | 2,928,820 |  |  | $ | 4,657,517 |  |  | $ | 8,383,539 |  |  | $ | 12,490,759 |
Cost of products sold | 2,496,183 |  |  | 3,850,072 |  |  | 7,181,491 |  |  | 10,352,616 |
Gross profit | 432,637 |  |  | 807,445 |  |  | 1,202,048 |  |  | 2,138,143 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 210,044 |  |  | 281,676 |  |  | 660,411 |  |  | 845,009 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 35,113 |  |  | 40,725 |  |  | 105,531 |  |  | 117,288 |
Interest expense, net | 26,362 |  |  | 22,289 |  |  | 74,802 |  |  | 67,516 |
Other income (expense), net | (5,667) |  |  | (348) |  |  | 6,136 |  |  | 13,172 |
Income before income taxes | 155,451 |  |  | 462,407 |  |  | 367,440 |  |  | 1,121,502 |
Income tax provision | 35,722 |  |  | 116,389 |  |  | 84,482 |  |  | 265,046 |
Net income | 119,729 |  |  | 346,018 |  |  | 282,958 |  |  | 856,456 |
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (990) |  |  | (2,033) |  |  | (1,026) |  |  | (405) |
Net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. | $ | 120,719 |  |  | $ | 348,051 |  |  | $ | 283,984 |  |  | $ | 856,861 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 53,425,379 |  |  | 54,906,356 |  |  | 53,534,746 |  |  | 55,278,320 |
Diluted | 53,820,400 |  |  | 55,068,783 |  |  | 53,854,542 |  |  | 55,507,023 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.26 |  |  | $ | 6.34 |  |  | $ | 5.30 |  |  | $ | 15.50 |
Diluted | $ | 2.24 |  |  | $ | 6.32 |  |  | $ | 5.27 |  |  | $ | 15.44 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 119,729 |  |  | $ | 346,018 |  |  | $ | 282,958 |  |  | $ | 856,456 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 21,592 |  |  | (90,910) |  |  | 106,640 |  |  | (196,051) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, net of tax | (452) |  |  | 3,620 |  |  | (309) |  |  | 8,104 |
Other loss, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39) |  |  | (372) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 21,140 |  |  | (87,290) |  |  | 106,292 |  |  | (188,319) |
Total Comprehensive income | 140,869 |  |  | 258,728 |  |  | 389,250 |  |  | 668,137 |
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (968) |  |  | (2,417) |  |  | (1,413) |  |  | (1,494) |
Comprehensive income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. | $ | 141,837 |  |  | $ | 261,145 |  |  | $ | 390,663 |  |  | $ | 669,631 |

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

| Nine Months Ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 282,958 |  |  | $ | 856,456 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 97,295 |  |  | 95,206 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 105,531 |  |  | 117,288 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 8,569 |  |  | 8,457 |
Deferred income tax benefit | (9,052) |  |  | (18,830) |
(Gain) loss on disposition of property, plant and equipment | (374) |  |  | 833 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 26,607 |  |  | 22,736 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 143,591 |  |  | (256,180) |
Inventories, net | (87,841) |  |  | (338,852) |
Prepaid income taxes, expenses and other | 2,119 |  |  | (4,578) |
Accounts payable | (63,642) |  |  | 78,897 |
Accrued liabilities | (35,388) |  |  | 92,693 |
Long-term liabilities and other | 3,747 |  |  | (16,577) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 474,120 |  |  | 637,549 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (150,466) |  |  | (170,702) |
Proceeds from dispositions of property, plant and equipment | 4,179 |  |  | 823 |
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (6,184) |  |  | (781,967) |
Other | (19,091) |  |  | (20,000) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (171,562) |  |  | (971,846) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings on revolving asset-based credit facilities | — |  |  | 660,088 |
Payments on revolving asset-based credit facilities | (50,000) |  |  | (559,035) |
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes | — |  |  | 500,000 |
Payments on term-loan credit facilities | (102,355) |  |  | (124,565) |
Payments on other debt | (8,155) |  |  | (7,842) |
Payments of debt issuance costs | — |  |  | (8,445) |
Cash dividends paid | (71,978) |  |  | (71,496) |
Payments on finance lease obligations | (905) |  |  | (801) |
Purchases of treasury shares | (42,007) |  |  | (98,321) |
Payments related to vesting of stock-based awards | (6,765) |  |  | (18,011) |
Short-term financial obligations and other, net | 16,097 |  |  | (21,120) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (266,068) |  |  | 250,452 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 5,183 |  |  | (32,882) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 41,673 |  |  | (116,727) |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 311,553 |  |  | 448,706 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | 353,226 |  |  | 331,979 |
Less: restricted cash | — |  |  | 2,682 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 353,226 |  |  | $ | 329,297 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 118,602 |  |  | $ | 270,063 |
Interest paid | $ | 75,877 |  |  | $ | 59,454 |
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |
Capital expenditures in accounts payable | $ | 4,874 |  |  | $ | 7,914 |

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |
|  |  | Additional |  | Other |  |  | Equity | Non- | Total
| Common Stock | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Treasury Stock | Attributable | controlling | Stockholders’
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Shares | Amount | to THOR | Interests | Equity
Balance at February 1, 2023 | 66,334,072 |  | $ | 6,633 |  | $ | 517,510 |  | $ | 3,928,361 |  | $ | (96,046) |  | 12,815,099 |  | $ | (575,675) |  | $ | 3,780,783 |  | $ | 7,347 |  | $ | 3,788,130 |
Net income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 120,719 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 120,719 |  | (990) |  | 119,729 |
Purchases of treasury shares | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 210,799 |  | (16,600) |  | (16,600) |  | — |  | (16,600) |
Restricted stock unit activity | — |  | — |  | 18 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 18 |  | — |  | 18 |
Dividends $0.45 per common share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (23,813) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (23,813) |  | — |  | (23,813) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | 9,672 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,672 |  | — |  | 9,672 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 21,118 |  | — |  | — |  | 21,118 |  | 22 |  | 21,140 |
Balance at April 30, 2023 | 66,334,072 |  | $ | 6,633 |  | $ | 527,200 |  | $ | 4,025,267 |  | $ | (74,928) |  | 13,025,898 |  | $ | (592,275) |  | $ | 3,891,897 |  | $ | 6,379 |  | $ | 3,898,276 |
| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |
|  |  | Additional |  | Other |  |  | Equity | Non- | Total
| Common Stock | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Treasury Stock | Attributable | controlling | Stockholders’
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Shares | Amount | to THOR | Interests | Equity
Balance at August 1, 2022 | 66,059,403 |  | $ | 6,606 |  | $ | 497,946 |  | $ | 3,813,261 |  | $ | (181,607) |  | 12,382,441 |  | $ | (543,344) |  | $ | 3,592,862 |  | $ | 7,792 |  | $ | 3,600,654 |
Net income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 283,984 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 283,984 |  | (1,026) |  | 282,958 |
Purchases of treasury shares | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 549,532 |  | (42,007) |  | (42,007) |  | — |  | (42,007) |
Restricted stock unit activity | 274,669 |  | 27 |  | 2,647 |  | — |  | — |  | 93,925 |  | (6,924) |  | (4,250) |  | — |  | (4,250) |
Dividends $1.35 per common share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (71,978) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (71,978) |  | — |  | (71,978) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | 26,607 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 26,607 |  | — |  | 26,607 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 106,679 |  | — |  | — |  | 106,679 |  | (387) |  | 106,292 |
Balance at April 30, 2023 | 66,334,072 |  | $ | 6,633 |  | $ | 527,200 |  | $ | 4,025,267 |  | $ | (74,928) |  | 13,025,898 |  | $ | (592,275) |  | $ | 3,891,897 |  | $ | 6,379 |  | $ | 3,898,276 |

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
| Three Months Ended April 30, 2022
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |
|  |  | Additional |  | Other |  |  | Equity | Non- | Total
| Common Stock | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Treasury Stock | Attributable | controlling | Stockholders’
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Shares | Amount | to THOR | Interests | Equity
Balance at February 1, 2022 | 66,059,403 |  | $ | 6,606 |  | $ | 479,946 |  | $ | 3,231,378 |  | $ | (55,703) |  | 11,029,159 |  | $ | (436,568) |  | $ | 3,225,659 |  | $ | 27,925 |  | $ | 3,253,584 |
Net income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 348,051 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 348,051 |  | (2,033) |  | 346,018 |
Purchases of treasury shares | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 499,106 |  | (39,990) |  | (39,990) |  | — |  | (39,990) |
Restricted stock unit activity | — |  | — |  | (526) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (526) |  | — |  | (526) |
Dividends $0.43 per common share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (23,663) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (23,663) |  | — |  | (23,663) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | 9,750 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,750 |  | — |  | 9,750 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (86,906) |  | — |  | — |  | (86,906) |  | (384) |  | (87,290) |
Acquisitions | — |  | — |  | 1,516 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,516 |  | (17,661) |  | (16,145) |
Dividend paid to non-controlling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (555) |  | (555) |
Balance at April 30, 2022 | 66,059,403 |  | $ | 6,606 |  | $ | 490,686 |  | $ | 3,555,766 |  | $ | (142,609) |  | 11,528,265 |  | $ | (476,558) |  | $ | 3,433,891 |  | $ | 7,292 |  | $ | 3,441,183 |
| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |
|  |  | Additional |  | Other |  |  | Equity | Non- | Total
| Common Stock | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Treasury Stock | Attributable | controlling | Stockholders’
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Shares | Amount | to THOR | Interests | Equity
Balance at August 1, 2021 | 65,651,570 |  | $ | 6,565 |  | $ | 460,482 |  | $ | 2,770,401 |  | $ | 44,621 |  | 10,285,329 |  | $ | (360,226) |  | $ | 2,921,843 |  | $ | 26,263 |  | $ | 2,948,106 |
Net income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 856,861 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 856,861 |  | (405) |  | 856,456 |
Purchases of treasury shares | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,090,067 |  | (98,321) |  | (98,321) |  | — |  | (98,321) |
Restricted stock unit activity | 407,833 |  | 41 |  | 5,952 |  | — |  | — |  | 152,869 |  | (18,011) |  | (12,018) |  | — |  | (12,018) |
Dividends $1.29 per common share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (71,496) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (71,496) |  | — |  | (71,496) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | 22,736 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22,736 |  | — |  | 22,736 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (187,230) |  | — |  | — |  | (187,230) |  | (1,089) |  | (188,319) |
Acquisitions | — |  | — |  | 1,516 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,516 |  | (16,922) |  | (15,406) |
Dividend paid to non-controlling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (555) |  | (555) |
Balance at April 30, 2022 | 66,059,403 |  | $ | 6,606 |  | $ | 490,686 |  | $ | 3,555,766 |  | $ | (142,609) |  | 11,528,265 |  | $ | (476,558) |  | $ | 3,433,891 |  | $ | 7,292 |  | $ | 3,441,183 |

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(All U.S. Dollar and Euro amounts presented in thousands except share and per share data or except as otherwise specified)
1. Nature of Operations and Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
THOR Industries, Inc. was founded in 1980 and is the sole owner of operating subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “THOR”), that, combined, represent the world's largest manufacturer of recreational vehicles (“RVs”). The Company manufactures a wide variety of RVs in the United States and Europe and sells those vehicles, as well as related parts and accessories, primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. Unless the context requires or indicates otherwise, all references to “THOR,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to THOR Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
The July 31, 2022 amounts are derived from the annual audited financial statements of THOR. The interim financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which consist of normal, recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been made. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022. Due to seasonality within the recreational vehicle industry, and the impact of the ongoing supply chain disruptions, inflation and shifting consumer demand on our industry, among other factors, annualizing the results of operations for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year.
During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Company reclassified certain immaterial investments accounted for under the equity method, which had previously been shown as a component of Other long-term assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, to a separate line called Equity investments. In addition, certain other immaterial amounts from the prior year have been reclassified to conform with current-year presentation.
2. Acquisitions
Airxcel
On September 1, 2021, the Company acquired Wichita, Kansas-based AirX Intermediate, Inc. (“Airxcel”). Airxcel manufactures a comprehensive line of high-quality component products which are sold primarily to original equipment RV manufacturers as well as consumers via aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers. Airxcel provides industry-leading products in recreational vehicle heating, cooling, ventilation, cooking, window coverings, sidewalls and roofing materials, among others. The total cash consideration paid was subject to the final determination of the actual acquired net working capital as of the close of business on September 1, 2021, which was finalized in the second quarter of fiscal 2022. The final cash consideration was $745,279, net of cash acquired. In conjunction with the Airxcel acquisition, the Company expanded its existing asset-based credit facility (“ABL”) from $750,000 to $1,000,000, favorably amended certain terms of the agreement and extended the term of the ABL.
The Company acquired Airxcel as part of its long-term, strategic growth plan and the acquisition is expected to provide numerous benefits, including strengthening the RV supply chain, diversifying its revenue sources and expanding Airxcel's supply chain business in North America and Europe. Airxcel operates as an independent operation in the same manner as the Company's other subsidiaries.
7

Subsequent to the acquisition date, the Company made immaterial measurement period adjustments to better reflect the facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the final fair values of the Airxcel net assets acquired on the acquisition date.

Cash |  | $ | 23,404 |
Inventory |  | 71,150 |
Other assets |  | 62,657 |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 40,518 |
Amortizable intangible assets: |  |
Customer relationships |  | 284,000 |
Trademarks |  | 56,900 |
Design technology assets |  | 60,600 |
Backlog |  | 700 |
Goodwill |  | 372,608 |
Current liabilities |  | (115,535) |
Deferred income tax liabilities |  | (77,086) |
Other liabilities |  | (10,494) |
Non-controlling interest |  | (739) |
Total fair value of net assets acquired |  | 768,683 |
Less cash acquired |  | (23,404) |
Total cash consideration for acquisition, less cash acquired |  | $ | 745,279 |

On the acquisition date, amortizable intangible assets had a weighted-average useful life of 18.3 years. The customer relationships were valued based on the Discounted Cash Flow Method and are being amortized on an accelerated basis over 20 years. The trademarks were valued on the Relief from Royalty Method and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over 20 years. The design technology assets were valued on the Relief from Royalty Method and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over 10 years. Backlog was valued based on the Discounted Cash Flow Method and was amortized on a straight-line basis over 2 months. The majority of the goodwill recognized as a result of this transaction is not deductible for tax purposes.
The following unaudited pro forma information represents the Company’s results of operations as if the fiscal 2022 acquisition of Airxcel had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2021. These pro forma results may not be indicative of the actual results that would have occurred under the ownership and management of the Company.

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2022
Net sales | $ | 4,657,517 |
Net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. | $ | 348,051 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 6.34 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 6.32 |

8

|  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
|  | 2022
Net sales |  | $ | 12,538,217 |
Net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. |  | $ | 863,674 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 15.62 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 15.56 |

3. Business Segments
The Company has three reportable segments, all related to recreational vehicles: (1) North American towables, (2) North American motorized and (3) European. The operations of the Company's Postle and Airxcel subsidiaries are included in “Other”, along with the operations of Roadpass Digital through December 30, 2022 as discussed in Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Net sales included in Other related primarily to the sale of specialized component parts and aluminum extrusions. Intercompany eliminations primarily adjust for Postle and Airxcel sales to the Company’s North American towables and North American motorized segments, which are consummated at established transfer prices generally consistent with the selling prices of products to third parties.
The following tables reflect certain financial information by reportable segment:

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
NET SALES: | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 1,124,410 |  | $ | 2,640,137 |  | $ | 3,271,967 |  | $ | 6,866,059
North American Motorized | 795,940 |  | 1,053,045 |  | 2,658,042 |  | 2,954,879
Total North America | 1,920,350 |  | 3,693,182 |  | 5,930,009 |  | 9,820,938
European | 866,751 |  | 724,002 |  | 2,017,991 |  | 2,080,729
Total recreational vehicles | 2,787,101 |  | 4,417,184 |  | 7,948,000 |  | 11,901,667
Other | 201,164 |  | 383,170 |  | 598,671 |  | 935,146
Intercompany eliminations | (59,445) |  | (142,837) |  | (163,132) |  | (346,054)
Total | $ | 2,928,820 |  | $ | 4,657,517 |  | $ | 8,383,539 |  | $ | 12,490,759

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES: | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 77,583 |  | $ | 326,697 |  | $ | 181,471 |  | $ | 868,874
North American Motorized | 48,186 |  | 116,293 |  | 234,163 |  | 309,228
Total North America | 125,769 |  | 442,990 |  | 415,634 |  | 1,178,102
European | 72,401 |  | 20,559 |  | 77,948 |  | 12,248
Total recreational vehicles | 198,170 |  | 463,549 |  | 493,582 |  | 1,190,350
Other, net | 16,970 |  | 46,910 |  | 30,004 |  | 93,531
Corporate | (59,689) |  | (48,052) |  | (156,146) |  | (162,379)
Total | $ | 155,451 |  | $ | 462,407 |  | $ | 367,440 |  | $ | 1,121,502

9

TOTAL ASSETS: | April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 1,629,231 |  | $ | 2,040,841 |  |  |  |
North American Motorized | 1,437,825 |  | 1,239,476 |  |  |  |
Total North America | 3,067,056 |  | 3,280,317 |  |  |  |
European | 2,865,580 |  | 2,449,270 |  |  |  |
Total recreational vehicles | 5,932,636 |  | 5,729,587 |  |  |  |
Other | 1,094,611 |  | 1,272,829 |  |  |  |
Corporate | 526,712 |  | 405,716 |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 7,553,959 |  | $ | 7,408,132 |  |  |  |

DEPRECIATION AND INTANGIBLE AMORTIZATION EXPENSE: | Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 15,188 |  | $ | 16,149 |  | $ | 45,653 |  | $ | 48,764
North American Motorized | 8,114 |  | 7,388 |  | 24,447 |  | 21,517
Total North America | 23,302 |  | 23,537 |  | 70,100 |  | 70,281
European | 29,840 |  | 31,501 |  | 85,855 |  | 99,910
Total recreational vehicles | 53,142 |  | 55,038 |  | 155,955 |  | 170,191
Other | 14,563 |  | 16,177 |  | 45,549 |  | 41,014
Corporate | 446 |  | 431 |  | 1,322 |  | 1,289
Total | $ | 68,151 |  | $ | 71,646 |  | $ | 202,826 |  | $ | 212,494

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
CAPITAL ACQUISITIONS: | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 14,367 |  | $ | 19,833 |  | $ | 52,361 |  | $ | 54,446
North American Motorized | 4,918 |  | 9,885 |  | 34,248 |  | 25,205
Total North America | 19,285 |  | 29,718 |  | 86,609 |  | 79,651
European | 15,889 |  | 16,173 |  | 36,960 |  | 70,400
Total recreational vehicles | 35,174 |  | 45,891 |  | 123,569 |  | 150,051
Other | 13,144 |  | 9,272 |  | 25,913 |  | 21,452
Corporate | 854 |  | 501 |  | 1,125 |  | 584
Total | $ | 49,172 |  | $ | 55,664 |  | $ | 150,607 |  | $ | 172,087

10

4. Earnings Per Common Share
The following table reflects the weighted-average common shares used to compute basic and diluted earnings per common share as included on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income:

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per share | 53,425,379 |  |  | 54,906,356 |  |  | 53,534,746 |  |  | 55,278,320 |
Unvested restricted and performance stock units | 395,021 |  |  | 162,427 |  |  | 319,796 |  |  | 228,703 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution | 53,820,400 |  |  | 55,068,783 |  |  | 53,854,542 |  |  | 55,507,023 |

For the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had 113,964 and 211,348 unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units outstanding, respectively, which were excluded from this calculation as their effect would be antidilutive. For the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had 162,565 and 159,077 unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units outstanding, respectively, which were excluded from this calculation as their effect would have been antidilutive.
5. Derivatives and Hedging
The fair value of our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, and the associated notional amounts, presented on a pre-tax basis, were as follows:

| April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
|  |  | Fair Value in |  | Fair Value in |  |  |  | Fair Value in |  | Fair Value in
|  |  | Other Current |  | Other Current |  |  |  | Other Current |  | Other Current
Cash Flow Hedges | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,997 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80 |
Interest rate swap agreements | 110,175 |  |  | 368 |  |  | — |  |  | 273,325 |  |  | 850 |  |  | — |
Total derivative financial instruments | $ | 110,175 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 307,322 |  |  | $ | 850 |  |  | $ | 80 |

The Company previously entered into interest rate swaps to convert a portion of the Company’s long-term debt from floating rate to fixed rate debt to partially hedge the interest rate risk related to the Company’s U.S. dollar term loan tranche that matures in February 2026. The notional amounts hedged will decrease on a quarterly basis to zero by August 1, 2023.
Effective August 1, 2022, the Company's foreign currency forward contracts used to exchange British Pounds Sterling ("GBP") for Euro were no longer designated as cash flow hedges and therefore excluded from the table above as of April 30, 2023.
Net Investment Hedges
The foreign currency transaction gains and losses on the Euro-denominated portion of the term loan, which is designated and effective as a hedge of the Company’s net investment in its Euro-denominated functional currency subsidiaries, are included as a component of the foreign currency translation adjustment. Losses, net of tax, included in the foreign currency translation adjustments were $4,901 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and $25,813 for the nine months ended April 30, 2023. Gains, net of tax, included in the foreign currency translation adjustments were $23,189 for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and $50,817 for the nine months ended April 30, 2022.
There were no amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) pertaining to the net investment hedge during the three and nine-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022, respectively.
11

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Company has certain other derivative instruments which have not been designated as hedges. These other derivative instruments had a notional amount totaling approximately $33,251 and a fair value liability value of $651 as of April 30, 2023. These other derivative instruments had a notional amount totaling approximately $25,628 and a fair value liability of $1,077, as of July 31, 2022. For these derivative instruments, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.
The total amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income due to changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |
Gain (Loss) recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 411 |
Interest rate swap agreements (1) |  | (452) |  |  | 3,209 |
Total gain (loss) |  | $ | (452) |  |  | $ | 3,620 |

(1) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, before reclassification from AOCI was $16 and $1,888 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

|  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |
Gain (Loss) recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (209) |
Interest rate swap agreements (2) |  | (367) |  |  | 8,313 |
Total gain (loss) |  | $ | (367) |  |  | $ | 8,104 |

(2) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, before reclassification from AOCI was $734 and $3,290 for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

|  | Three Months Ended April 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  | Interest
|  | Sales |  |  | Expense |  | Sales |  |  | Expense
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI, Net of Tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (261) |  |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap agreements |  | — |  |  |  | 468 |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,321) |
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | $ | 690 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap agreements |  | — |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 335 |
Total gain (loss) |  | $ | 690 |  |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | (261) |  |  |  | $ | (986) |

12

|  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  |  |  |  | Interest |  |  |  |  | Interest
|  | Sales |  |  | Expense |  | Sales |  |  | Expense
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI, Net of Tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | $ | (58) |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (545) |  |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap agreements |  | — |  |  |  | 1,101 |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,023) |
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | $ | 2,636 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | — |
Commodities swap agreements |  | (2,229) |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap agreements |  | — |  |  |  | 182 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 424 |
Total gain (loss) |  | $ | 349 |  |  |  | $ | 1,283 |  |  | $ | (545) |  |  |  | $ | (4,599) |

6. Inventories
Major classifications of inventories are as follows:

| April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
Finished goods – RV | $ | 198,464 |  |  | $ | 236,311 |
Finished goods – other | 106,832 |  |  | 126,570 |
Work in process | 356,307 |  |  | 397,495 |
Raw materials | 635,330 |  |  | 838,474 |
Chassis | 725,074 |  |  | 293,375 |
Subtotal | 2,022,007 |  |  | 1,892,225 |
Excess of FIFO costs over LIFO costs | (157,252) |  |  | (137,452) |
Total inventories, net | $ | 1,864,755 |  |  | $ | 1,754,773 |

Of the $2,022,007 and $1,892,225 of inventories at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, $1,277,449 and $1,170,554, respectively, were valued on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method, and $744,558 and $721,671, respectively, were valued on the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method.
7. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

| April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
Land | $ | 146,090 |  |  | $ | 142,221 |
Buildings and improvements | 1,026,710 |  |  | 926,485 |
Machinery and equipment | 664,727 |  |  | 601,480 |
Rental vehicles | 86,449 |  |  | 67,414 |
Lease right-of-use assets – operating | 50,418 |  |  | 44,407 |
Lease right-of-use assets – finance | 5,704 |  |  | 6,264 |
Total cost | 1,980,098 |  |  | 1,788,271 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (619,954) |  |  | (530,112) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 1,360,144 |  |  | $ | 1,258,159 |

See Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the lease right-of-use assets.
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8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The components of amortizable intangible assets are as follows:

|  |  | April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  | Accumulated
|  |  | Cost |  | Amortization |  | Cost |  | Amortization
Dealer networks/customer relationships |  |  | $ | 1,110,971 |  |  | $ | 501,309 |  |  | $ | 1,090,528 |  |  | $ | 420,623 |
Trademarks |  |  | 355,109 |  |  | 91,588 |  |  | 351,152 |  |  | 77,660 |
Design technology and other intangibles |  |  | 258,196 |  | 100,838 |  | 253,918 |  | 80,465
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 1,400 |  | 1,108 |  | 1,400 |  | 758
Total amortizable intangible assets |  |  | $ | 1,725,676 |  |  | $ | 694,843 |  |  | $ | 1,696,998 |  |  | $ | 579,506 |

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

For the remainder of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023 | $ | 35,335
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024 | 129,880
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025 | 117,941
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2026 | 106,639
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2027 | 97,891
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2028 and thereafter | 543,147
| $ | 1,030,833

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 are summarized as follows:

| North American Towables |  | North American Motorized |  | European |  | Other |  | Total
Net balance as of August 1, 2022 | $ | 344,975 |  |  | $ | 53,875 |  |  | $ | 893,383 |  |  | $ | 511,918 |  |  | $ | 1,804,151 |
Fiscal 2023 activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill acquired | 4,097 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,097 |
Measurement period adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,682 |  |  | 4,682 |
Foreign currency translation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,696 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,696 |
Deconsolidation of Roadpass Digital | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (84,883) |  |  | (84,883) |
Net balance as of April 30, 2023 | $ | 349,072 |  |  | $ | 53,875 |  |  | $ | 962,079 |  |  | $ | 431,717 |  |  | $ | 1,796,743 |

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended April 30, 2022 are summarized as follows:

| North American Towables |  | North American Motorized |  | European |  | Other |  | Total
Net balance as of August 1, 2021 | $ | 344,975 |  |  | $ | 53,875 |  |  | $ | 1,041,697 |  |  | $ | 122,708 |  |  | $ | 1,563,255 |
Fiscal 2022 activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill acquired | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 389,838 |  |  | 389,838 |
Measurement period adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 134 |  |  | 134 |
Foreign currency translation | — |  |  | — |  |  | (118,354) |  |  | — |  |  | (118,354) |
Net balance as of April 30, 2022 | $ | 344,975 |  |  | $ | 53,875 |  |  | $ | 923,343 |  |  | $ | 512,680 |  |  | $ | 1,834,873 |

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9. Equity Investments
Effective December 30, 2022, the Company entered into a Subscription and Contribution Agreement with TechNexus Holdings LLC (“TechNexus”), whereby the Company transferred TH2Connect, LLC d/b/a Roadpass Digital (“Roadpass Digital”) and its associated legal entities to TN-RP Holdings, LLC (“TN-RP”), a new legal entity formed by TechNexus, in a non-cash transaction following which the Company and TechNexus own 100% of the Class A-RP units and Class C-RP units, respectively, issued by TN-RP. The Company also simultaneously entered into an Operating Agreement with TechNexus related to TN-RP whereby TechNexus will manage the day-to-day operations of TN-RP subject to certain protective rights maintained by the Company. The rights and privileges of the Company and TechNexus as unit holders of TN-RP are governed by the terms of the Operating Agreement, which includes provisions for distributions during its existence and at dissolution.
TN-RP is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), in which both the Company and TechNexus each have a variable interest. The Company’s equity interest, which entitles the Company to a share of future distributions from TN-RP, represents a variable interest. TechNexus’s compensation in exchange for its services as manager of TN-RP includes ongoing cash payments and a share of future distributions, both as defined in the Operating Agreement. This compensation represents a variable interest for TechNexus as the Company believes that the total compensation is above market for the effort required to provide the requisite management services. TN-RP is a VIE because it is reliant on the Company for financing cash needs and would not otherwise be able to secure such financing at market terms. The formation of TN-RP and the agreements are intended to allow TN-RP to maximize its efficiency and operating effectiveness under the direct day-to-day management and oversight of TechNexus. TechNexus will manage the operations and have control over key decisions in accordance with the Operating Agreement which provides TechNexus with the authority and power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of TN-RP. As such, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of TN-RP.
As a result of the December 30, 2022 agreements and the factors noted above, the Company no longer had a controlling financial interest in Roadpass Digital which resulted in the deconsolidation of Roadpass Digital subsequent to December 30, 2022. The Company’s investment in TN-RP was valued at approximately $105,600 as of the agreement date based on the Discounted Cash Flow Method and Option Pricing Model. This fair value measurement includes significant management judgment, particularly estimates of future cash flows based on revenues and margins that TN-RP is forecasted to generate in the future, terminal value assumptions and discount rates developed using market observable inputs and consideration of risks regarding future performance. Additionally, the Option Pricing Model further utilized estimates related to volatility, incorporating a selection of guideline public companies, and expected time to exit. The Discounted Cash Flow Method and Option Pricing Model both used level 3 inputs as defined by ASC 820.
The derecognition of the Roadpass Digital net assets and recognition of the Company’s investment in TN-RP resulted in an immaterial gain that is included in Other income, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
As of April 30, 2023, the Company had the following investment and maximum exposure to loss:

Carrying amount of investment in TN-RP | $ | 105,561 |
Maximum exposure to loss | $ | 124,381 |

The maximum exposure above includes the carrying amount of the Company’s investment in TN-RP as of April 30, 2023 plus the Company’s maximum remaining commitment to fund operating cash needs upon request from TechNexus, as operating manager of TN-RP.
The Company has significant influence due to its Class A-RP unit ownership interest, non-majority seats on the TN-RP advisory board and certain protective rights, therefore the Company’s investment in TN-RP is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and reported as a component of Equity investments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets beginning after December 30, 2022. In applying the equity method of accounting, the Company will allocate its share of earnings and losses using a hypothetical liquidation at book value method, as the Operating Agreement specifies how earnings and losses are to be allocated amongst the unit holders. The Company’s share of gains and losses accounted for under the equity method of accounting are included in Corporate Other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The losses recognized in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 were $4,688 and $6,248, respectively.
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10. Concentration of Risk
One dealer, FreedomRoads, LLC, accounted for 11% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the three-month period ended April 30, 2023 and 14% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the three-month period ended April 30, 2022, and accounted for 13% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the nine-month period ended April 30, 2023 and 14% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the nine-month period ended April 30, 2022. The majority of the sales to this dealer are reported within the North American Towables and North American Motorized segments. This dealer also accounted for 15% of the Company’s consolidated trade accounts receivable at April 30, 2023 and 10% at July 31, 2022. The loss of this dealer could have a material effect on the Company’s business.
11. Fair Value Measurements
The financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022 are as follows:

| Input Level |  | April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
Cash equivalents | Level 1 |  | $ | 171,289 |  | $ | —
Deferred compensation plan mutual fund assets | Level 1 |  | $ | 39,391 |  | $ | 42,312
Equity investments | Level 1 |  | $ | 7,581 |  | $ | —
Foreign currency forward contract asset | Level 2 |  | $ | 256 |  | $ | —
Foreign currency forward contract liability | Level 2 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 80
Interest rate swap liability, net | Level 2 |  | $ | 539 |  | $ | 227

Cash equivalents represent investments in short-term money market instruments that are direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury and/or repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury obligations. These investments are reported as a component of Cash and cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Deferred compensation plan assets accounted for at fair value are investments in securities (primarily mutual funds) traded in an active market held for the benefit of certain employees of the Company as part of a deferred compensation plan. Additional plan investments in corporate-owned life insurance are recorded at their cash surrender value, not fair value, and therefore are not included above.
Equity investments represent certain stock investments that are publicly traded in an active market.
The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is estimated by discounting the difference between the contractual forward price and the current available forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using observable market rates.
The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows based on the applicable observable yield curves.
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12. Product Warranties
Changes in our product warranty liability during the indicated periods are as follows:

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Beginning balance | $ | 326,665 |  | $ | 296,158 |  | $ | 317,908 |  | $ | 267,620
Provision | 94,971 |  | 90,801 |  | 256,752 |  | 250,924
Payments | (82,719) |  | (74,496) |  | (238,363) |  | (212,532)
Acquisition | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,828
Foreign currency translation | 781 |  | (3,086) |  | 3,401 |  | (6,463)
Ending balance | $ | 339,698 |  | $ | 309,377 |  | $ | 339,698 |  | $ | 309,377

13. Long-Term Debt
The components of long-term debt are as follows:

|  | April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
Term loan |  | $ | 1,056,242 |  |  | $ | 1,124,209 |
Asset-based credit facility |  | 50,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
Senior unsecured notes |  | 500,000 |  |  | 500,000 |
Unsecured notes |  | 27,453 |  |  | 25,495 |
Other debt |  | 45,433 |  |  | 50,207 |
Gross long-term debt |  | 1,679,128 |  |  | 1,799,911 |
Debt issuance costs, net of amortization |  | (26,784) |  |  | (32,482) |
Total long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs |  | 1,652,344 |  |  | 1,767,429 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt |  | (11,268) |  |  | (13,190) |
Total long-term debt, net, less current portion |  | $ | 1,641,076 |  |  | $ | 1,754,239 |

As discussed in Note 12 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Fiscal 2022 Form 10-K, the Company is a party to a seven-year term loan (“term loan”) agreement, which consists of both a U.S. Dollar-denominated term loan tranche and a Euro-denominated term loan tranche, and a $1,000,000 revolving asset-based credit facility (“ABL”). Subject to earlier termination, the term loan matures on February 1, 2026 and the ABL matures on September 1, 2026, subject to a springing maturity at an earlier date if the maturity date of the Company's term loan has not been extended or refinanced.
As of April 30, 2023, the entire outstanding U.S. term loan tranche balance of $571,900 was subject to a LIBOR-based rate totaling 8.063%. The interest rate on $110,175 of that balance, however, was fixed at 5.466% through an interest rate swap, dated March 18, 2019, by swapping the underlying 1-month LIBOR rate for a fixed rate of 2.466% plus a 3.000% interest rate spread. As of July 31, 2022, the entire outstanding U.S. term loan tranche balance of $671,900 was subject to a LIBOR-based rate totaling 5.375%, but the interest rate on $273,325 of that balance was fixed at 5.466% through an interest rate swap, dated March 18, 2019. The total interest rate on the April 30, 2023 outstanding Euro term loan tranche balance of $484,342 was 6.063%, and the total interest rate on the July 31, 2022 outstanding Euro term loan tranche of $452,309 was 3.000%.
The Company must make mandatory prepayments of principal under the term loan agreement upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including certain asset sales, debt issuances and receipt of annual cash flows in excess of certain amounts. No such specified events occurred during the three or nine months ended April 30, 2023 or 2022.
As of April 30, 2023, the total weighted-average interest rate on the outstanding ABL borrowings of $50,000 was 6.121%. As of July 31, 2022, the total weighted-average interest rate on the outstanding ABL borrowings of $100,000 was 3.048%. The Company may, generally at its option, pay any borrowings under the ABL, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, without penalty or premium.
17

Availability under the ABL agreement is subject to a borrowing base based on a percentage of applicable eligible receivables and eligible inventory. The ABL carries interest at an annual base rate plus 0.25% to 0.50%, or LIBOR plus 1.25% to 1.50%, based on adjusted excess availability as defined in the ABL agreement. This agreement also includes a 0.20% unused facility fee. The unused availability under the ABL is generally available to the Company for general operating purposes and, based on April 30, 2023 eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances, net of amounts drawn, totaled approximately $950,000.
As discussed in Note 12 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Fiscal 2022 Form 10-K, on October 14, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $500,000 of 4.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (“Senior Unsecured Notes”) that will mature on October 15, 2029 unless redeemed or repurchased earlier. Interest on the Senior Unsecured Notes is payable in semi-annual installments on April 15 and October 15 of each year.
The unsecured notes of 25,000 Euro ($27,453) relate to long-term debt of our European segment. There are two series, 20,000 Euro ($21,962) with an interest rate of 1.945% maturing in March 2025, and 5,000 Euro ($5,491) with an interest rate of 2.534% maturing March 2028. Other debt relates primarily to real estate loans with varying maturity dates through September 2032 and interest rates ranging from 2.380% to 2.870%.
Total contractual gross debt maturities are as follows:

For the remainder of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023 | $ | 3,818
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024 | 11,142
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025 | 32,983
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2026 | 1,109,372
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2027 | 2,691
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2028 and thereafter | 519,122
| $ | 1,679,128

For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023, interest expense on the term loan, ABL, Senior Unsecured Notes and other debt facilities was $24,994 and $69,237, respectively, and interest expense also included the amortization of capitalized fees to secure the term loan, ABL and Senior Unsecured Notes, which are being amortized over the respective terms of those arrangements, of $2,872 and $8,569, respectively. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2022, interest expense on the term loan, ABL and other debt facilities was $19,604 and $58,059, respectively, and interest expense also included the amortization of capitalized fees to secure the term loan, ABL and Senior Unsecured Notes, which are being amortized over the respective terms of those arrangements, of $2,889 and $8,457, respectively.
The fair value of the Company’s term-loan debt at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022 was $1,058,043 and $1,097,136, respectively, and the fair value of the Company’s Senior Unsecured Notes at April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022 was $408,750 and $405,000, respectively. The fair values of the Company’s term-loan debt and Senior Unsecured Notes are primarily estimated using Level 2 inputs as defined by ASC 820, based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. The fair value of other debt held by the Company approximates carrying value.
Subsequent to April 30, 2023, we made principal payments totaling $50,000 to fully pay off the outstanding balance on the asset-based credit facility and paid $85,000 against the principal balance of our U.S. term loan.
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14. Provision for Income Taxes
The overall effective income tax rate for the three months ended April 30, 2023 was 23.0%, and the effective income tax rate for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 was 23.0%. These rates were both favorably impacted by certain foreign rate differences and mix of earnings between foreign and domestic operations which include certain interest income not subject to corporate income tax.
The overall effective income tax rate for the three months ended April 30, 2022 was 25.2%, and the effective income tax rate for the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was 23.6%. These rates were both negatively impacted by certain tax provision adjustments that primarily resulted from changes in estimates while completing the prior year tax return during the three months ended April 30, 2022. The negative adjustments were partially offset by certain foreign income not subject to corporate income tax.
Within the next 12 months, the Company does not anticipate any material changes in its unrecognized tax benefits as of April 30, 2023.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently under exam by certain foreign jurisdictions for fiscal years ended 2016 through 2019. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, fiscal years 2019 through 2022 remain open and could be subject to examination. In major state jurisdictions, fiscal years 2019 through 2021 remain open and could be subject to examination. In major foreign jurisdictions, fiscal years 2016 through 2021 remain open and subject to examination. The Company believes it has adequately reserved for its exposure to additional payments for uncertain tax positions in its liability for unrecognized tax benefits.
15. Contingent Liabilities, Commitments and Legal Matters
The Company’s total commercial commitments under standby repurchase obligations on global dealer inventory financing were $4,444,812 and $4,308,524 as of April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively. The commitment term is generally up to 18 months.
The Company accounts for the guarantee under repurchase agreements of dealers’ financing by deferring a portion of the related product sale that represents the estimated fair value of the guarantee at inception. This deferred amount is included in the repurchase and guarantee reserve balances of $13,701 and $11,346 as of April 30, 2023 and July 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in Other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Losses incurred related to repurchase agreements that were settled during the three and nine months ended April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022 were not material. Based on current market conditions, the Company believes that any future losses under these agreements will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company is also involved in certain litigation arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business, most of which is based upon state “lemon laws,” warranty claims and vehicle accidents (for which the Company carries insurance above a specified self-insured retention or deductible amount). The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the probability of an adverse outcome and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. Based on current conditions, management does not believe the ultimate disposition of any current legal proceedings or claims against the Company will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Litigation is, however, inherently uncertain and an adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on the operating results of a particular reporting period.
19

A product recall was issued in late fiscal 2021 related to certain purchased parts utilized in certain of our products, and a reserve to cover anticipated costs was established at that time. Starting in fiscal 2022, the reserve has been adjusted quarterly based on developments involving the recall, including our expectations regarding the extent of vendor reimbursements and the estimated total cost of the recall. The Company has been, and will continue to be, reimbursed for a portion of the costs it will incur related to this recall. In addition, the Company accrued expenses during fiscal 2022 based on developments related to an ongoing investigation by certain German-based authorities regarding the adequacy of historical disclosures of vehicle weight in advertisements and other Company-provided literature in Germany. The Company is fully cooperating with the investigation. In fiscal 2023, for both the three and nine-month periods ended April 30, 2023, the Company’s adjustments related to these matters were not material. During the three months ended April 30, 2022, the Company’s adjustments related to these two matters were not material, and during the nine months ended April 30, 2022, the Company recognized $32,125 of net expense as a component of selling, general and administrative costs related to these two matters. Based on current available information, the Company does not believe there will be a material, adverse impact to our future results of operations and cash flows due to these matters.
16. Leases
The Company has operating leases principally for land, buildings and equipment, and has various finance leases for certain land and buildings expiring through 2035.
Certain of the Company’s leases include options to extend or terminate the leases, and these options have been included in the relevant lease term to the extent that they are reasonably certain to be exercised.
The Company does not include significant restrictions or covenants in our lease agreements, and residual value guarantees are not generally included within our operating leases.
The components of lease costs for the three and nine-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022 were as
follows:

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating lease cost | $ | 7,709 |  |  | $ | 7,426 |  |  | $ | 22,172 |  |  | $ | 20,642 |
Finance lease cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 186 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 559 |  |  | 559 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 94 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 361 |
Total lease cost | $ | 7,989 |  |  | $ | 7,728 |  |  | $ | 23,030 |  |  | $ | 21,562 |

Other information related to leases was as follows:

| Nine Months Ended April 30,
Supplemental Cash Flows Information | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 22,092 |  |  | $ | 20,632 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 13,388 |  |  | $ | 18,050 |

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Information | April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
Operating leases: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 50,418 |  |  | $ | 44,407 |
Operating lease liabilities: |  |  |
Other current liabilities | $ | 11,435 |  |  | $ | 9,406 |
Other long-term liabilities | 38,968 |  |  | 34,830 |
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 50,403 |  |  | $ | 44,236 |
Finance leases: |  |  |
Finance lease right-of-use assets | $ | 5,704 |  |  | $ | 6,264 |
Finance lease liabilities: |  |  |
Other current liabilities | $ | 866 |  |  | $ | 1,215 |
Other long-term liabilities | 2,920 |  |  | 3,476 |
Total finance lease liabilities | $ | 3,786 |  |  | $ | 4,691 |

| April 30, 2023 |  | July 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term: |  |  |
Operating leases | 9.3 years |  | 10.2 years
Finance leases | 3.9 years |  | 4.4 years
Weighted-average discount rate: |  |  |
Operating leases | 4.6 | % |  | 3.6 | %
Finance leases | 9.6 | % |  | 9.2 | %

Future minimum rental payments required under operating and finance leases as of April 30, 2023 were as follows:

|  | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
For the remainder of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2023 |  | $ | 4,792 |  |  | $ | 399 |
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024 |  | 16,558 |  |  | 1,059 |
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025 |  | 12,723 |  |  | 1,083 |
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2026 |  | 8,688 |  |  | 1,107 |
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2027 |  | 6,183 |  |  | 896 |
For the fiscal year ending July 31, 2028 and thereafter |  | 20,390 |  |  | 58 |
Total future lease payments |  | 69,334 |  |  | 4,602 |
Less: amount representing interest |  | (18,931) |  |  | (816) |
Total reported lease liability |  | $ | 50,403 |  |  | $ | 3,786 |

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17. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock-based Compensation
Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the three-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022 for stock-based awards totaled $9,672 and $9,750, respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the nine-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2022 for stock-based awards totaled $26,607 and $22,736, respectively.
Share Repurchase Program
On December 21, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) authorized Company management to utilize up to $250,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through December 21, 2024. On June 24, 2022, the Board authorized Company management to utilize up to an additional $448,321 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through July 31, 2025.
Under the share repurchase program, the Company is authorized to repurchase, on a discretionary basis and from time-to-time, outstanding shares of its common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means. The timing and amount of share repurchases will be determined at the discretion of the Company’s management team based upon the market price of the stock, management's evaluation of general market and economic conditions, cash availability and other factors. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and the Company has no obligation to repurchase any amount of its common stock under the program.
During the three months ended April 30, 2023, the Company purchased 210,799 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $78.75 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $16,600, all from the December 21, 2021 authorization. During the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 549,532 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $76.44 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $42,007, all from the December 21, 2021 authorization. Since the inception of the initial December 21, 2021 authorization, the Company has repurchased 2,493,775 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $83.05 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $207,114.
As of April 30, 2023, the remaining amount of the Company's common stock that may be repurchased under the December 21, 2021 $250,000 authorization expiring on December 21, 2024 is $42,886. As of April 30, 2023, the remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under the June 24, 2022 authorization expiring on July 31, 2025 is $448,321. As of April 30, 2023, the total remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under these two authorizations is $491,207.
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18. Revenue Recognition
The table below disaggregates revenue to the level that the Company believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Other RV-related revenues shown below in the European segment include sales related to accessories and services, new and used vehicle sales at owned dealerships and RV rentals. Performance obligations for all material revenue streams are recognized at a point-in-time. Other sales relate primarily to component part sales to RV original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers, as well as aluminum extruded components.

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  | Nine Months Ended April 30,
NET SALES: | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers | $ | 679,753 |  |  | $ | 1,655,846 |  |  | $ | 2,030,451 |  |  | $ | 4,316,049 |
Fifth Wheels | 444,657 |  |  | 984,291 |  |  | 1,241,516 |  |  | 2,550,010 |
Total North American Towables | 1,124,410 |  |  | 2,640,137 |  |  | 3,271,967 |  |  | 6,866,059 |
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A | 238,972 |  |  | 474,674 |  |  | 887,678 |  |  | 1,314,067 |
Class C | 390,839 |  |  | 335,444 |  |  | 1,216,537 |  |  | 1,057,015 |
Class B | 166,129 |  |  | 242,927 |  |  | 553,827 |  |  | 583,797 |
Total North American Motorized | 795,940 |  |  | 1,053,045 |  |  | 2,658,042 |  |  | 2,954,879 |
Total North America | 1,920,350 |  |  | 3,693,182 |  |  | 5,930,009 |  |  | 9,820,938 |
European |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan | 394,359 |  |  | 389,914 |  |  | 901,926 |  |  | 1,057,039 |
Campervan | 282,415 |  |  | 150,157 |  |  | 648,717 |  |  | 520,778 |
Caravan | 116,412 |  |  | 114,772 |  |  | 272,521 |  |  | 266,605 |
Other RV-related | 73,565 |  |  | 69,159 |  |  | 194,827 |  |  | 236,307 |
Total European | 866,751 |  |  | 724,002 |  |  | 2,017,991 |  |  | 2,080,729 |
Total recreational vehicles | 2,787,101 |  |  | 4,417,184 |  |  | 7,948,000 |  |  | 11,901,667 |
Other | 201,164 |  |  | 383,170 |  |  | 598,671 |  |  | 935,146 |
Intercompany eliminations | (59,445) |  |  | (142,837) |  |  | (163,132) |  |  | (346,054) |
Total | $ | 2,928,820 |  |  | $ | 4,657,517 |  |  | $ | 8,383,539 |  |  | $ | 12,490,759 |

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19. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) and the changes in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives |  | Other |  | AOCI, net of tax, Attributable to THOR |  | Non-controlling Interests |  | Total AOCI
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax |  | $ | (97,996) |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  | $ | (96,046) |  |  | $ | (2,614) |  |  | $ | (98,660) |
OCI before reclassifications |  | 21,570 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,591 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 21,613 |
Income taxes associated with OCI before reclassifications (1) |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | (615) |  |  | — |  |  | (615) |  |  | — |  |  | (615) |
Income taxes associated with amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
OCI, net of tax for the fiscal period |  | 21,570 |  |  | (452) |  |  | — |  |  | 21,118 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 21,140 |
Balance at end of period, net of tax |  | $ | (76,426) |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  | $ | (74,928) |  |  | $ | (2,592) |  |  | $ | (77,520) |
|  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives |  | Other |  | AOCI, net of tax, Attributable to THOR |  | Non-controlling Interests |  | Total AOCI
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax |  | $ | (50,284) |  |  | $ | (4,171) |  |  | $ | (1,248) |  |  | $ | (55,703) |  |  | $ | (1,477) |  |  | $ | (57,180) |
OCI before reclassifications |  | (90,526) |  |  | 2,680 |  |  | — |  |  | (87,846) |  |  | (384) |  |  | (88,230) |
Income taxes associated with OCI before reclassifications (1) |  | — |  |  | (642) |  |  | — |  |  | (642) |  |  | — |  |  | (642) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | 2,111 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,111 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,111 |
Income taxes associated with amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | (529) |  |  | — |  |  | (529) |  |  | — |  |  | (529) |
OCI, net of tax for the fiscal period |  | (90,526) |  |  | 3,620 |  |  | — |  |  | (86,906) |  |  | (384) |  |  | (87,290) |
Balance at end of period, net of tax |  | $ | (140,810) |  |  | $ | (551) |  |  | $ | (1,248) |  |  | $ | (142,609) |  |  | $ | (1,861) |  |  | $ | (144,470) |

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|  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives |  | Other |  | AOCI, net of tax, Attributable to THOR |  | Non-controlling Interests |  | Total AOCI
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax |  | $ | (183,453) |  |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 1,171 |  |  | $ | (181,607) |  |  | $ | (2,205) |  |  | $ | (183,812) |
OCI before reclassifications |  | 107,027 |  |  | 966 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 107,954 |  |  | (387) |  |  | 107,567 |
Income taxes associated with OCI before reclassifications (1) |  | — |  |  | (232) |  |  | — |  |  | (232) |  |  | — |  |  | (232) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | (1,368) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,368) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,368) |
Income taxes associated with amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 325 |
OCI, net of tax for the fiscal period |  | 107,027 |  |  | (309) |  |  | (39) |  |  | 106,679 |  |  | (387) |  |  | 106,292 |
Balance at end of period, net of tax |  | $ | (76,426) |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  | $ | (74,928) |  |  | $ | (2,592) |  |  | $ | (77,520) |
|  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives |  | Other |  | AOCI, net of tax, Attributable to THOR |  | Non-controlling Interests |  | Total AOCI
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax |  | $ | 54,152 |  |  | $ | (8,655) |  |  | $ | (876) |  |  | $ | 44,621 |  |  | $ | (772) |  |  | $ | 43,849 |
OCI before reclassifications |  | (194,962) |  |  | 3,269 |  |  | (372) |  |  | (192,065) |  |  | (1,089) |  |  | (193,154) |
Income taxes associated with OCI before reclassifications (1) |  | — |  |  | (733) |  |  | — |  |  | (733) |  |  | — |  |  | (733) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | 7,375 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,375 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,375 |
Income taxes associated with amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | (1,807) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,807) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,807) |
OCI, net of tax for the fiscal period |  | (194,962) |  |  | 8,104 |  |  | (372) |  |  | (187,230) |  |  | (1,089) |  |  | (188,319) |
Balance at end of period, net of tax |  | $ | (140,810) |  |  | $ | (551) |  |  | $ | (1,248) |  |  | $ | (142,609) |  |  | $ | (1,861) |  |  | $ | (144,470) |

(1)We do not recognize deferred taxes for a majority of the foreign currency translation gains and losses because we do not anticipate reversal in the foreseeable future.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Unless otherwise indicated, all U.S. Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except share and per share data.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report includes certain statements that are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs regarding future and anticipated developments and their effects upon THOR, and inherently involve uncertainties and risks. These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance. We cannot assure you that actual results will not differ materially from our expectations. Factors which could cause materially different results include, among others:
•the impact of inflation on the cost of our products as well as on general consumer demand;
•the effect of raw material and commodity price fluctuations, and/or raw material, commodity or chassis supply constraints;
•the impact of war, military conflict, terrorism and/or cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored or ransom attacks;
•the impact of sudden or significant adverse changes in the cost and/or availability of energy or fuel, including those caused by geopolitical events, on our costs of operation, on raw material prices, on our suppliers, on our independent dealers or on retail customers;
•the dependence on a small group of suppliers for certain components used in production, including chassis;
•interest rate fluctuations and their potential impact on the general economy and, specifically, on our profitability and on our independent dealers and consumers;
•the ability to ramp production up or down quickly in response to rapid changes in demand while also managing costs and market share;
•the level and magnitude of warranty and recall claims incurred;
•the ability of our suppliers to financially support any defects in their products;
•legislative, regulatory and tax law and/or policy developments including their potential impact on our independent dealers, retail customers or on our suppliers;
•the costs of compliance with governmental regulation;
•the impact of an adverse outcome or conclusion related to current or future litigation or regulatory investigations;
•public perception of and the costs related to environmental, social and governance matters;
•legal and compliance issues including those that may arise in conjunction with recently completed transactions;
•lower consumer confidence and the level of discretionary consumer spending;
•the impact of exchange rate fluctuations;
•restrictive lending practices which could negatively impact our independent dealers and/or retail consumers;
•management changes;
•the success of new and existing products and services;
•the ability to maintain strong brands and develop innovative products that meet consumer demands;
•the ability to efficiently utilize existing production facilities;
•changes in consumer preferences;
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•the risks associated with acquisitions, including: the pace and successful closing of an acquisition, the integration and financial impact thereof, the level of achievement of anticipated operating synergies from acquisitions, the potential for unknown or understated liabilities related to acquisitions, the potential loss of existing customers of acquisitions and our ability to retain key management personnel of acquired companies;
•a shortage of necessary personnel for production and increasing labor costs and related employee benefits to attract and retain production personnel in times of high demand;
•the loss or reduction of sales to key independent dealers;
•disruption of the delivery of units to independent dealers or the disruption of delivery of raw materials, including chassis, to our facilities;
•increasing costs for freight and transportation;
•the ability to protect our information technology systems from data breaches, cyber-attacks and/or network disruptions;
•asset impairment charges;
•competition;
•the impact of losses under repurchase agreements;
•the impact of the strength of the U.S. dollar on international demand for products priced in U.S. dollars;
•general economic, market and political conditions in the various countries in which our products are produced and/or sold;
•the impact of changing emissions and other related climate change regulations in the various jurisdictions in which our products are produced, used and/or sold;
•changes to our investment and capital allocation strategies or other facets of our strategic plan; and
•changes in market liquidity conditions, credit ratings and other factors that may impact our access to future funding and the cost of debt.
These and other risks and uncertainties are discussed more fully in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2022.
We disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained in this report or to reflect any change in our expectations after the date hereof or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based, except as required by law.
Executive Overview
We were founded in 1980 and have grown to become the largest manufacturer of recreational vehicles (“RVs”) in the world. We are also the largest manufacturer of RVs in North America, and one of the largest manufacturers of RVs in Europe. In North America, according to Statistical Surveys, Inc. (“Stat Surveys”), for the three months ended March 31, 2023, THOR’s combined U.S. and Canadian market share was approximately 42.2% for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined and approximately 47.7% for motorhomes. In Europe, according to the European Caravan Federation (“ECF”) and based on unit registrations for Europe's original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) reporting countries, our European market share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately 19.9% for motorcaravans and campervans combined and approximately 18.0% for caravans.
Our business model includes decentralized operating units, and our RV products are primarily sold to independent, non-franchise dealers who, in turn, retail those products. The Company also sells component parts to both RV and other original equipment manufacturers, including aluminum extruded components, and sells aftermarket component parts through dealers and retailers. Our growth has been achieved both organically and through acquisition, and our strategy is designed to increase our profitability by driving innovation, servicing our customers, manufacturing quality products, improving the efficiencies of our facilities and making strategic growth acquisitions.
We generally do not finance independent dealers directly, but we do provide repurchase agreements to the independent dealers’ floor plan lenders.
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We generally have financed our growth through a combination of internally generated cash flows from operations and, when needed, outside credit facilities. Ongoing supply chain constraints, particularly chassis constraints within our European operations, have and could continue to impact our business and our consolidated financial results and financial position. In addition, the impact of recent inflation on consumer confidence, which historically has been highly correlated with RV retail sales, and the impact of inflation on the availability of discretionary funds of our end consumers, combined with significantly higher interest rates compared to recent years impacting both our independent dealers and the end consumer, has had a negative impact on demand for our products at both the wholesale and retail levels so far during fiscal 2023 and are expected to continue to impact the remainder of calendar year 2023. These risks to our business are more fully described in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022.
Recent Events
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was enacted in August 2022. Among other provisions, this statute provides for a 1% tax to be imposed on the fair market value of shares repurchased by issuers whose shares are traded on an established securities market, subject to certain exceptions. The tax applies to repurchases made after December 31, 2022, and the Company believes the excise tax on repurchases will not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Industry Outlook — North America
The Company monitors industry conditions in the North American RV market using a number of resources including its own historical performance tracking and our own internal forecast modeling. The Company also considers monthly wholesale shipment data as reported by the RV Industry Association (“RVIA”), which is typically issued on a one-month lag and represents manufacturers’ North American RV production and delivery to dealers, as well as RVIA’s forecasts which are typically published 3 to 4 times a year. In addition, we monitor monthly North American actual retail sales trends as reported by Stat Surveys, whose data is typically issued on a month-and-a-half lag. The Company believes that monthly RV retail sales data is important as consumer purchases impact future dealer orders and ultimately our production and net sales.
North American RV independent dealer inventory of our North American RV products as of April 30, 2023 decreased 16.6% to approximately 113,000 units, compared to approximately 135,500 units as of April 30, 2022. As of April 30, 2023, we believe North American dealer inventory levels for most towable products are generally higher than the levels that dealers are comfortable stocking given the current retail sales levels and associated carrying costs. We believe dealer inventory levels for motorized product lines are generally more closely aligned to dealer’s desired stocking levels as of the end of April 2023, although carrying costs, chassis availability and retail sales activity have been factors considered as the dealers determine their stocking levels. We believe dealers will continue to closely evaluate the unit stocking levels that they will elect to carry in future periods, which may be less than historical unit stocking levels, due to a combination of factors such as retail activity, RV wholesale prices as well as interest rates and other carrying costs.
THOR’s North American RV backlog as of April 30, 2023 decreased $8,979,517, or 81.6%, to $2,020,198 compared to $10,999,715 as of April 30, 2022. The decrease in backlog is primarily a result of a reduction in orders from dealers due to the current dealer stocking level assessments noted above.
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North American Industry Wholesale Statistics
Key wholesale statistics for the North American RV industry, as reported by RVIA for the periods indicated, are as follows:

| U.S. and Canada Wholesale Unit Shipments
| Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | Increase |  | %
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | Change
North American Towable Units | 65,208 |  |  | 155,687 |  |  | (90,479) |  |  | (58.1) |
North American Motorized Units | 13,392 |  |  | 15,779 |  |  | (2,387) |  |  | (15.1) |
Total | 78,600 |  |  | 171,466 |  |  | (92,866) |  |  | (54.2) |

In June 2023, RVIA issued a revised forecast for calendar year 2023 wholesale unit shipments. Under the RVIA’s most likely scenario, towable and motorized unit shipments are projected to be approximately 249,300 units and 47,800 units, respectively, for an annual total of approximately 297,100 units, down 39.8% from the 2022 calendar year wholesale shipments. The RVIA’s most likely forecast for calendar year 2023 of 297,100 total units could range from a lower estimate of approximately 287,200 total units to an upper estimate of approximately 307,000 total units.
North American Industry Retail Statistics
We believe that retail demand is the key to the North American RV industry.
Key retail statistics for the North American RV industry, as reported by Stat Surveys for the periods indicated, are as follows:

| U.S. and Canada Retail Unit Registrations
| Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | Increase |  | %
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | Change
North American Towable Units | 71,201 |  | 97,266 |  | (26,065) |  |  | (26.8) |
North American Motorized Units | 10,680 |  | 13,038 |  | (2,358) |  |  | (18.1) |
Total | 81,881 |  | 110,304 |  | (28,423) |  |  | (25.8) |

Note: Data reported by Stat Surveys is based on official state and provincial records. This information is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various states or provinces.
We believe that near-term wholesale demand from our independent dealers will be impacted by anticipated and actual retail demand, unit costs, interest rates and dealers’ desired inventory stocking levels, among other factors, and that near-term North American retail demand will also be influenced by a number of factors, including consumer confidence, the level of consumer spending on discretionary products, interest rates and the rate of inflation. We believe future retail demand over the longer term will exceed historical, pre-pandemic levels as consumers continue to value the perceived benefits offered by the RV lifestyle, which provides people with a personal space to maintain social distance in a safe manner, the ability to connect with loved ones and the potential to get away for short, frequent breaks or longer adventures. We believe that North American retail consumer demand had started to grow even before the COVID-19 pandemic due to an increasing interest in the RV lifestyle and the ability to connect with nature, and then accelerated with the onset of the pandemic, particularly in calendar 2021 and the first half of calendar 2022, which resulted in record retail sales during these periods. We believe the additional exposure to the RV lifestyle during this time will bring new and repeat retail buyers to the market over the longer term. We are also encouraged about the long-term demand given the continued robust web traffic to our websites and independent dealer websites, which in the past has been a positive indicator of future demand for our products.
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Company North American Wholesale Statistics
The Company’s North American wholesale RV shipments, for the calendar quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 to correspond to the North American industry wholesale periods noted above, were as follows:

| U.S. and Canada Wholesale Unit Shipments
| Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | Increase |  | %
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | Change
North American Towable Units | 24,707 |  |  | 68,720 |  |  | (44,013) |  |  | (64.0) |
North American Motorized Units | 5,855 |  |  | 8,311 |  |  | (2,456) |  |  | (29.6) |
Total | 30,562 |  | 77,031 |  | (46,469) |  | (60.3) |

Company North American Retail Statistics
Retail statistics of the Company’s North American RV products, as reported by Stat Surveys, for the calendar quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 to correspond to the North American industry retail periods noted above, were as follows:

| U.S. and Canada Retail Unit Registrations
| Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | Increase |  | %
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | Change
North American Towable Units | 29,245 |  |  | 38,624 |  |  | (9,379) |  |  | (24.3) |
North American Motorized Units | 5,097 |  |  | 6,591 |  |  | (1,494) |  |  | (22.7) |
Total | 34,342 |  |  | 45,215 |  |  | (10,873) |  |  | (24.0) |

Note: Data reported by Stat Surveys is based on official state and provincial records. This information is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various states or provinces.
North American Outlook
Historically, RV industry sales have been impacted by a number of economic conditions faced by our independent dealers, and ultimately retail consumers, such as the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, the level of consumer confidence, the disposable income of consumers, interest rates, credit availability, the health of the housing market, tax rates and fuel availability and prices. We believe these factors will continue to affect retail sales in fiscal 2023. In addition, due to inflationary pressures, higher interest rates and other factors, we believe that in fiscal 2023 our independent dealers will be continuously reevaluating their desired stocking levels, which may result in lower than historical dealer inventory stocking levels on a unit basis. It is difficult to predict the extent to which any or all of these factors will impact the RV industry or our business in a particular future period, however, we currently believe the remaining quarter of fiscal 2023 and the early portion of fiscal 2024 will continue to be negatively impacted by these factors, especially when compared to our strong fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 results. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant surge in demand for RVs beginning in earnest in fiscal 2021, which, when combined with the supply chain challenges resulting from the pandemic’s disruption of the North American economy, caused a significant increase in our revenues and backlog in calendar 2021. The first half of calendar 2022 saw continued robust wholesale demand as dealers restocked their inventories, in particular with towable products, and we were able to reduce our backlog as we filled outstanding orders. We believe the impact of the factors identified above contributed to the reduced consumer demand in calendar 2022 and calendar 2023, as reflected in the reduced new RV registrations, compared to the record RV registrations in calendar 2021.
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Despite the near-term challenges, we remain optimistic about North American retail sales in the long term, as there are many factors driving product demand. Surveys conducted by THOR, RVIA and others show that Americans of all generations love the freedom of the outdoors and the enrichment that comes with living an active lifestyle. RVs allow people to be in control of their travel experiences, going where they want, when they want and with the people they want. The RV units we design, produce and sell allow people to spend time outdoors pursuing their favorite activities, creating cherished moments and deeply connecting with family and friends. Based on the increasing value consumers place on these factors, we expect to see long-term growth in the North American RV industry. The recent multi-year growth in industry-wide RV sales has also resulted in exposing a much wider range of consumers to the lifestyle. We believe many of those who have been recently exposed to the industry for the first time will become future owners, and that those who became first-time owners since the onset of the pandemic will become long-term RVers, resulting in future repeat and upgrade sales opportunities. We also believe consumers are likely to continue altering their future vacation and travel plans, opting for fewer vacations via air travel, cruise ships and hotels, and preferring vacations that RVs are uniquely positioned to provide, allowing consumers the ability to explore or unwind, often close to home. In addition, we believe that the availability of camping and RV parking facilities will be an important factor in the future growth of the industry and view both the significant recent investments and the future committed investments by campground owners, states and the federal government in camping facilities and accessibility to state and federal parks and forests to be positive long-term factors.
Economic and industry-wide factors that have historically affected, and which we believe will continue to affect, our operating results include the costs of commodities, the cost and availability of critical supply components and labor costs incurred in the production of our products. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold, and any future increases in raw material or labor costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to offset those cost increases through a combination of product decontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts. Historically, we have generally been able to offset net cost increases over time.
While we have seen improvement in the supply of chassis in North America recently from some, but not all, chassis suppliers, we do not believe the chassis supply chain is fully back to pre-pandemic normalcy. It is currently extremely difficult to predict when or whether future supply chain issues related to chassis will arise. Modifying available chassis for certain motorized products to use for other products is not a viable alternative, particularly in the short term, due to engineering requirements. These factors may continue to negatively impact our production schedule and cost structure as we try to balance our production and personnel staffing levels and schedules to the available chassis, often with short notice. The North American recreational vehicle industry has, from time to time in the past, experienced shortages of chassis for various reasons, including component shortages, production delays or other production issues and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers.
While the North American RV industry has at times faced supply shortages or delivery delays of other, non-chassis, raw material components, our supply chain has been resilient enough to support our fiscal 2023 demand. If shortages of chassis or other component parts were to become more significant, or if other factors were to impact our suppliers' ability to fully supply our needs for key components, our costs of such components and our production output could be adversely affected. Where possible, we continue to work closely with our suppliers on various supply chain strategies to minimize any constraints, and we will continue to identify alternative suppliers where possible.
Industry Outlook — Europe
The Company monitors retail trends in the European RV market as reported by the ECF, whose industry data is reported to the public quarterly and typically issued on a one-to-two-month lag. Additionally, on a monthly basis, the Company receives OEM-specific reports from most of the individual member countries that make up the ECF. As these reports are coming directly from the ECF member countries, timing and content vary, but typically the reports are issued on a one-to-two-month lag as well. While most countries provide OEM-specific information, the United Kingdom, which made up 21.2% and 8.5% of the caravan and motorcaravan (including campervans) European market for the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively, does not provide OEM-specific information. Industry wholesale shipment data for the European RV market is not available.
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Within Europe, over 90% of our sales are made to dealers within 10 different European countries. The market conditions, as well as the operating status of our independent dealers within each country, vary based on the various local economic and other conditions. It is inherently difficult to generalize about the operating conditions within the entire European region. However, independent RV dealer inventory levels of our European products are generally below historic levels in the various countries we serve. Within Germany, which accounts for approximately 60% of our European product sales, independent dealer inventory levels are currently below historical norms.
THOR’s European RV backlog as of April 30, 2023 increased $596,272, or 20.7%, to $3,474,324 compared to $2,878,052 as of April 30, 2022, primarily due to increased selling prices.
European Industry Retail Statistics
Key retail statistics for the European RV industry, as reported by the ECF for the periods indicated, are as follows:

| European Unit Registrations
| Motorcaravan and Campervan (2) |  | Caravan
| Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | % |  | Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | %
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
OEM Reporting Countries (1) | 33,322 |  |  | 35,039 |  |  | (4.9) |  |  | 11,387 |  |  | 12,889 |  |  | (11.7) |
Non-OEM Reporting Countries (1) | 4,318 |  |  | 4,131 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 3,814 |  |  | 4,677 |  |  | (18.5) |
Total | 37,640 |  |  | 39,170 |  |  | (3.9) |  |  | 15,201 |  |  | 17,566 |  |  | (13.5) |

(1)Industry retail registration statistics have been compiled from individual countries reporting of retail sales, and include the following countries: Germany, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, Italy, Spain and others, collectively the “OEM Reporting Countries.” The “Non-OEM Reporting Countries” are primarily the United Kingdom and others. Note: the decrease in the "Non-OEM Reporting Countries" is primarily related to the United Kingdom. Total European unit registrations are reported quarterly by the ECF.
(2)The ECF reports motorcaravans and campervans together.
Note: Data from the ECF is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various countries. (The "Non-OEM Reporting Countries" either do not report OEM-specific data to the ECF or do not have it available for the entire time period covered).
Company European Retail Statistics (1)

| European Unit Registrations (1)
| Calendar Quarter Ended March 31, |  | Increase |  | %
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | Change
Motorcaravan and Campervan | 6,634 |  |  | 7,724 |  |  | (1,090) |  |  | (14.1) |
Caravan | 2,045 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | (101) |  |  | (4.7) |
Total OEM-Reporting Countries | 8,679 |  |  | 9,870 |  |  | (1,191) |  |  | (12.1) |

(1)Company retail registration statistics have been compiled from individual countries reporting of retail sales, and include the following countries: Germany, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, Italy, Spain and others, collectively the “OEM Reporting Countries.”
Note: Data from the ECF is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various countries.
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European Outlook
Our European operations offer a full lineup of leisure vehicles including caravans and motorized products including urban vehicles, campervans and small-to-large motorcaravans. Our product offerings are not limited to vehicles only but also include accessories and services, including vehicle rentals. We address European retail customers through a sophisticated brand management approach based on consumer segmentation according to target group, core values and emotions. With the help of data-based and digital marketing, we intend to continue expanding our retail customer reach to new and younger consumer segments.
The impact of current macroeconomic factors on our business, including inflation and interest rates, supply chain constraints, environmental and sustainability regulations and geopolitical events, is uncertain. Our outlook for future European RV retail sales depends upon the various economic and regulatory conditions in the respective countries in which we sell our products, and on our ability to manage through supply chain issues that have, and will continue to, limit the level to which we can increase output of our motorized products in the near term. End-customer demand for RVs depends strongly on consumer confidence and availability of discretionary funds. Factors such as the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, private consumption and investments, disposable income of consumers, interest rates, the health of the housing market, tax rates and regulatory restrictions, and, more recently, travel safety considerations, all influence retail sales. Our long-term outlook for future European RV retail sales remains positive as more and more people discover RVs as a way to support their lifestyle in search of independence and individuality, as well as using the RV as a multi-purpose vehicle to escape urban life and explore outdoor activities and nature.
Prior to the pandemic, we and our independent European dealers marketed our European recreational vehicles through numerous RV fairs at the country and regional levels which occurred throughout the calendar year. These fairs have historically been well-attended events that allowed retail consumers the ability to see the newest products, features and designs and to talk with product experts in addition to being able to purchase or order an RV. Since the start of the pandemic, the protection of the health of our employees, customers and dealers has been our top priority. As a result, we canceled our participation in most European trade fairs and major events in calendar 2021 and had limited participation in calendar 2022. We did, however, attend the Caravan Salon show in Dusseldorf in late August/early September 2022 and the CMT Stuttgart show in January 2023. We are also participating in other major 2023 retail shows. The 2022 Caravan Salon show experienced near record attendance, demonstrating the high level of interest in the RV lifestyle despite the current macroeconomic uncertainties facing many consumers. In addition to our attendance at various strategic trade fairs going forward, we have and will continue to strengthen and expand our digital activities in order to reach high potential target groups, generate leads and steer customers directly to dealerships. With approximately 1,100 active independent dealers in Germany and throughout Europe with whom we do business, we believe our European brands have one of the strongest and most professionally structured dealer and service networks in Europe.
Economic or industry-wide factors affecting our European RV operating results include the availability and costs of commodities and component parts and the labor used in the manufacture of our products. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold and any future increases in these costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to offset those cost increases through a combination of product decontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts.
We continue to receive communications from our European chassis suppliers that due to a number of factors, including (1) supply constraints of key components that they require for the manufacturing of chassis, such as semiconductor chips and engines, (2) demand outpacing their current production capacity, (3) operational issues at certain OEMs, and (4) personnel shortages, their production and delivery of chassis in the quantity and sequence of our needs will continue to negatively impact us. Throughout fiscal 2022 and continuing into the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we experienced delays in the receipt of, and significant reductions in the volume of, chassis from our European chassis suppliers, limiting our ability to further increase production of our motorized products. We expect these ongoing challenges to continue through calendar year 2023 and, in particular, anticipate both continued delays in the receipt of chassis in Europe and disruptions in the sequence of delivery of chassis. As a result, these chassis supply factors will inhibit our ability to consistently maintain our planned production levels and will limit our ability to ramp up production and sales of certain products despite dealer demand for those products. Uncertainties related to changing emission standards may also impact the future availability of chassis used in our production of certain European motorized RVs and could also impact consumer buying patterns.
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In Europe, we also continue to experience cost increases, supply shortages and delivery delays of other, non-chassis, raw material components which negatively impacted our ability to further ramp up production and sales in the current fiscal year, and which resulted in the continuation of an elevated level of work in process inventory on hand. We believe these shortages and delays will continue to result in production delays or adjusted production rates in the near term, which will limit our ability to ramp up production and sales to meet existing demand and will have a negative impact on our European operating results, as we balance our labor and overhead costs to rapidly changing production schedules.
Where possible, to minimize the future impact of these supply chain constraints, we have identified a second-source supplier base for certain component parts, however, the overall scope of supply chain constraints within Europe and the engineering requirements required with an alternate component part, particularly the chassis upon which our various units are built, has limited the impact of these alternative suppliers on reducing our near-term supply constraints.
In addition to material supply constraints, labor shortages may also impact our European operations. Currently, we are experiencing a shortage of available skilled workers due to near full employment rates in the European countries where we have manufacturing sites.
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Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended April 30, 2022

NET SALES: | Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  |  |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  |  |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 1,124,410 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,640,137 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,515,727) |  |  | (57.4)
North American Motorized | 795,940 |  |  |  |  | 1,053,045 |  |  |  |  | (257,105) |  |  | (24.4)
Total North America | 1,920,350 |  |  |  |  | 3,693,182 |  |  |  |  | (1,772,832) |  |  | (48.0)
European | 866,751 |  |  |  |  | 724,002 |  |  |  |  | 142,749 |  |  | 19.7
Total recreational vehicles | 2,787,101 |  |  |  |  | 4,417,184 |  |  |  |  | (1,630,083) |  |  | (36.9)
Other | 201,164 |  |  |  |  | 383,170 |  |  |  |  | (182,006) |  |  | (47.5)
Intercompany eliminations | (59,445) |  |  |  |  | (142,837) |  |  |  |  | 83,392 |  |  | 58.4
Total | $ | 2,928,820 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,657,517 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,728,697) |  |  | (37.1)

# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | 29,716 |  |  |  |  | 69,550 |  |  |  |  | (39,834) |  |  | (57.3)
North American Motorized | 6,203 |  |  |  |  | 7,873 |  |  |  |  | (1,670) |  |  | (21.2)
Total North America | 35,919 |  |  |  |  | 77,423 |  |  |  |  | (41,504) |  |  | (53.6)
European | 15,593 |  |  |  |  | 16,001 |  |  |  |  | (408) |  |  | (2.5)
Total | 51,512 |  |  |  |  | 93,424 |  |  |  |  | (41,912) |  |  | (44.9)

GROSS PROFIT: |  |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  |  |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 143,988 |  |  | 12.8 |  | $ | 453,907 |  |  | 17.2 |  | $ | (309,919) |  |  | (68.3)
North American Motorized | 93,307 |  |  | 11.7 |  | 173,904 |  |  | 16.5 |  | (80,597) |  |  | (46.3)
Total North America | 237,295 |  |  | 12.4 |  | 627,811 |  |  | 17.0 |  | (390,516) |  |  | (62.2)
European | 151,780 |  |  | 17.5 |  | 99,845 |  |  | 13.8 |  | 51,935 |  |  | 52.0
Total recreational vehicles | 389,075 |  |  | 14.0 |  | 727,656 |  |  | 16.5 |  | (338,581) |  |  | (46.5)
Other, net | 43,562 |  |  | 21.7 |  | 79,789 |  |  | 20.8 |  | (36,227) |  |  | (45.4)
Total | $ | 432,637 |  |  | 14.8 |  | $ | 807,445 |  |  | 17.3 |  | $ | (374,808) |  |  | (46.4)

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 60,180 |  |  | 5.4 |  | $ | 118,913 |  |  | 4.5 |  | $ | (58,733) |  |  | (49.4)
North American Motorized | 41,880 |  |  | 5.3 |  | 54,800 |  |  | 5.2 |  | (12,920) |  |  | (23.6)
Total North America | 102,060 |  |  | 5.3 |  | 173,713 |  |  | 4.7 |  | (71,653) |  |  | (41.2)
European | 65,065 |  |  | 7.5 |  | 62,590 |  |  | 8.6 |  | 2,475 |  |  | 4.0
Total recreational vehicles | 167,125 |  |  | 6.0 |  | 236,303 |  |  | 5.3 |  | (69,178) |  |  | (29.3)
Other | 15,217 |  |  | 7.6 |  | 22,537 |  |  | 5.9 |  | (7,320) |  |  | (32.5)
Corporate | 27,702 |  |  | — |  | 22,836 |  |  | — |  | 4,866 |  |  | 21.3
Total | $ | 210,044 |  |  | 7.2 |  | $ | 281,676 |  |  | 6.0 |  | $ | (71,632) |  |  | (25.4)

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INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES: | Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 77,583 |  |  | 6.9 |  | $ | 326,697 |  |  | 12.4 |  | $ | (249,114) |  |  | (76.3)
North American Motorized | 48,186 |  |  | 6.1 |  | 116,293 |  |  | 11.0 |  | (68,107) |  |  | (58.6)
Total North America | 125,769 |  |  | 6.5 |  | 442,990 |  |  | 12.0 |  | (317,221) |  |  | (71.6)
European | 72,401 |  |  | 8.4 |  | 20,559 |  |  | 2.8 |  | 51,842 |  |  | 252.2
Total recreational vehicles | 198,170 |  |  | 7.1 |  | 463,549 |  |  | 10.5 |  | (265,379) |  |  | (57.2)
Other, net | 16,970 |  |  | 8.4 |  | 46,910 |  |  | 12.2 |  | (29,940) |  |  | (63.8)
Corporate | (59,689) |  |  | — |  | (48,052) |  |  | — |  | (11,637) |  |  | (24.2)
Total | $ | 155,451 |  |  | 5.3 |  | $ | 462,407 |  |  | 9.9 |  | $ | (306,956) |  |  | (66.4)

ORDER BACKLOG: | As of April 30, 2023 |  | As of April 30, 2022 |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 757,127 |  |  | $ | 6,899,675 |  |  | $ | (6,142,548) |  |  | (89.0)
North American Motorized | 1,263,071 |  |  | 4,100,040 |  |  | (2,836,969) |  |  | (69.2)
Total North America | 2,020,198 |  |  | 10,999,715 |  |  | (8,979,517) |  |  | (81.6)
European | 3,474,324 |  |  | 2,878,052 |  |  | 596,272 |  |  | 20.7
Total | $ | 5,494,522 |  |  | $ | 13,877,767 |  |  | $ | (8,383,245) |  |  | (60.4)

CONSOLIDATED
Consolidated net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 decreased $1,728,697, or 37.1%, compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022. The decrease in consolidated net sales is primarily due to lower dealer and consumer demand in comparison to the prior-year period, primarily in the North American Towables segment. Approximately 29.6% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for the quarter ended April 30, 2023 were transacted in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company’s most material exchange rate exposure is sales in Euros. The decrease in consolidated net sales includes a decrease of $19,794 from the change in currency exchange rates between the two periods. To determine this impact, net sales transacted in currencies other than U.S. dollars have been translated to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates that were in effect during the comparative period.
Consolidated gross profit for the three months ended April 30, 2023 decreased $374,808, or 46.4%, compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022. Consolidated gross profit was 14.8% of consolidated net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 17.3% for the three months ended April 30, 2022. The decreases in consolidated gross profit and the consolidated gross profit percentage were both primarily due to the impact of the decrease in consolidated net sales in the current-year period compared to the prior-year period.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2023 decreased $71,632, or 25.4%, compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022, primarily due to the 37.1% decrease in consolidated net sales.
The decrease of $306,956, or 66.4%, in income before income taxes for the three months ended April 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the decrease in consolidated net sales and the decrease in the consolidated gross profit percentage noted above.
The overall effective income tax rate for the three months ended April 30, 2023 was 23.0% compared with 25.2% for the three months ended April 30, 2022. The primary reason for the decrease in the overall effective income tax rate was certain unfavorable tax provision adjustments that primarily resulted from changes in estimates while completing the prior-year tax return that were made during the three months ended April 30, 2022.
Additional information concerning the changes in net sales, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and income before income taxes are addressed below and in the segment reporting that follows.
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The $4,866 increase in Corporate costs included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expense for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 primarily relates to an increase in deferred compensation expense of $8,810 due to market value fluctuations between the two periods, partially offset by a decrease in incentive compensation of $1,970 due to the decrease in income before income taxes compared to the prior-year period, and costs recorded at Corporate related to our standby repurchase obligations decreased by $1,900 due to a decrease in dealer inventory levels in the current-year period as compared to a large increase in dealer inventory levels in the prior-year period.
The $6,771 increase in net expense in Corporate interest and other income and expense for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 includes an increase in net interest expense and fees of $3,382 on our debt primarily due to higher interest rates compared to the prior-year period, and a nominal non-cash foreign currency gain on certain Euro-denominated loans in the current-year period as compared to a $6,770 gain in the prior-year period. In addition, the current-year period included operating losses of $4,688 related to our Roadpass Digital joint venture as discussed in Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These increases were partially offset by a favorable change of $8,642 in the fair value of the Company's deferred compensation plan assets due to market fluctuations between the two periods.
Segment Reporting
NORTH AMERICAN TOWABLE RECREATIONAL VEHICLES
Analysis of the change in net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022:

| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers | $ | 679,753 |  |  | 60.5 |  |  | $ | 1,655,846 |  |  | 62.7 |  |  | $ | (976,093) |  |  | (58.9)
Fifth Wheels | 444,657 |  |  | 39.5 |  |  | 984,291 |  |  | 37.3 |  |  | (539,634) |  |  | (54.8)
Total North American Towables | $ | 1,124,410 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 2,640,137 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (1,515,727) |  |  | (57.4)
| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers | 22,257 |  |  | 74.9 |  |  | 55,660 |  |  | 80.0 |  |  | (33,403) |  |  | (60.0)
Fifth Wheels | 7,459 |  |  | 25.1 |  |  | 13,890 |  |  | 20.0 |  |  | (6,431) |  |  | (46.3)
Total North American Towables | 29,716 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 69,550 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | (39,834) |  |  | (57.3)
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES: |  |  |  | % Change
North American Towables |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers |  |  |  | 1.1
Fifth Wheels |  |  |  | (8.5)
Total North American Towables |  |  |  | (0.1)

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The decrease in total North American towables net sales of 57.4% compared to the prior-year quarter resulted from a 57.3% decrease in unit shipments and a 0.1% decrease in the overall net price per unit due to the combined impact of changes in price and product mix, which included selling price increases since the prior year being offset by increased sales discounts. The decrease in unit shipments is primarily due to a softening in current dealer and consumer demand in comparison with the unusually strong third-quarter demand in the prior-year quarter, which included independent dealers restocking their towable lot inventory levels. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the three months ended April 30, 2023, combined North American travel trailer and fifth wheel wholesale unit shipments decreased 53.1% compared to the same period last year. According to the most recently published statistics from Stat Surveys, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our North American market share for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined was 42.2% and 40.7%, respectively. Comparisons of Company shipments to industry shipments on a quarterly basis would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for a full fiscal year.
The modest increase in the overall net price per unit within the travel trailer product line of 1.1% is primarily due to the favorable impacts of selling price increases and product mix changes compared to the prior-year period being mostly offset by increased sales discounts. The decrease in the overall net price per unit within the fifth wheel product line of 8.5% was primarily due to the impact of higher sales discounting levels.
North American towables cost of products sold decreased $1,205,808 to $980,422, or 87.2% of North American towables net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to $2,186,230, or 82.8% of North American towables net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2022. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $1,166,857 of the $1,205,808 decrease in cost of products sold. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American towables net sales increased to 79.8% for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 78.2% for the three months ended April 30, 2022, primarily as a result of increases in the warranty and direct labor percentages compared to the prior-year period, partially offset by a decrease in the material cost percentage due to the combined favorable impacts of product mix changes, net selling price increases and cost saving initiatives exceeding the impact of increased sales discounts. Total manufacturing overhead decreased $38,951 in correlation with the decrease in sales, but increased as a percentage of North American towables net sales from 4.6% to 7.4% as the significantly decreased net sales levels resulted in higher overhead costs per unit sold.
The decrease in North American towables gross profit of $309,919 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was driven primarily by the decrease in net sales and the decrease in the gross profit percentage is due to the increase in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
The decrease in North American towables selling, general and administrative expenses of $58,733 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 is primarily due to the decrease in North American towables net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to decrease by $61,045. The increase in the overall selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of North American towable net sales is primarily due to the decrease in net sales.
The decrease in North American towables income before income taxes of $77,583, or 6.9% of North American towables net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to income before income taxes of $326,697, or 12.4% of North American towables net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily attributable to the decrease in North American towables net sales, and the primary reasons for the decrease in percentage were the increases in both the cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expense percentages noted above.
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NORTH AMERICAN MOTORIZED RECREATIONAL VEHICLES
Analysis of the change in net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022:

| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A | $ | 238,972 |  |  | 30.0 |  |  | $ | 474,674 |  |  | 45.1 |  |  | $ | (235,702) |  |  | (49.7)
Class C | 390,839 |  |  | 49.1 |  |  | 335,444 |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 55,395 |  |  | 16.5
Class B | 166,129 |  |  | 20.9 |  |  | 242,927 |  |  | 23.0 |  |  | (76,798) |  |  | (31.6)
Total North American Motorized | $ | 795,940 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 1,053,045 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (257,105) |  |  | (24.4)
| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A | 1,206 |  |  | 19.4 |  |  | 2,463 |  |  | 31.3 |  |  | (1,257) |  |  | (51.0)
Class C | 3,563 |  |  | 57.4 |  |  | 3,131 |  |  | 39.8 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 13.8
Class B | 1,434 |  |  | 23.2 |  |  | 2,279 |  |  | 28.9 |  |  | (845) |  |  | (37.1)
Total North American Motorized | 6,203 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 7,873 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | (1,670) |  |  | (21.2)
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES: |  |  |  | % Change
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.3
Class C |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.7
Class B |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.5
Total North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3.2)

The decrease in total North American motorized net sales of 24.4% compared to the prior-year quarter resulted from a 21.2% decrease in unit shipments and a 3.2% decrease in the overall net price per unit due to the combined impact of changes in product price and mix. The 3.2% decrease in the overall net price per unit, in spite of the increase in net price per unit within each product category, is due to the higher combined concentration of the more moderately priced Class B and Class C units in the current-year period compared to the more expensive Class A units. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the three months ended April 30, 2023, combined North American motorhome wholesale unit shipments decreased 15.6% compared to the same period last year. According to the most recently published statistics from Stat Surveys, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our North American market share for motorhomes was 47.7% and 50.6%, respectively. Comparisons of Company shipments to industry shipments on a quarterly basis would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for a full fiscal year.
The increases in the overall net price per unit within the Class A product line of 1.3% and the Class C product line of 2.7% were primarily due to net selling price increases since the prior-year period to offset higher material and other input costs, partially offset by increased discounting. The increase in the overall net price per unit within the Class B product line of 5.5% is primarily due to net selling price increases since the prior-year period and a higher concentration of sales of higher-priced Class B products in the current-year period.
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North American motorized cost of products sold decreased $176,508 to $702,633, or 88.3% of North American motorized net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to $879,141, or 83.5% of North American motorized net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2022. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $171,316 of the $176,508 decrease primarily due to the decreased net sales volume. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American motorized net sales increased to 82.5% for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 78.6% for the three months ended April 30, 2022, with the increase due to an increase in the material cost percentage, primarily due to higher sales discounts, and an increase in the warranty cost percentage. Total manufacturing overhead decreased $5,192 in correlation with the net sales decrease, but increased as a percentage of North American motorized net sales from 4.9% to 5.8% as the decrease in net sales levels resulted in higher overhead costs per unit sold.
The decrease in North American motorized gross profit of $80,597 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was driven by the decrease in net sales, and the decrease in the gross profit percentage is due to the increase in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
The decrease in North American motorized selling, general and administrative expenses of $12,920 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in North American motorized net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to decrease by $15,275. The increase in the overall selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of North American motorized net sales is primarily due to the decrease in net sales.
The decrease in North American motorized income before income taxes of $68,107 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in North American motorized net sales, and the primary reasons for the decrease in percentage were the increases in both the cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expense percentages noted above.
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EUROPEAN RECREATIONAL VEHICLES
Analysis of the change in net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022:

| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
European |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan | $ | 394,359 |  |  | 45.5 |  |  | $ | 389,914 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | $ | 4,445 |  |  | 1.1
Campervan | 282,415 |  |  | 32.6 |  |  | 150,157 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 132,258 |  |  | 88.1
Caravan | 116,412 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 114,772 |  |  | 15.9 |  |  | 1,640 |  |  | 1.4
Other | 73,565 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 69,159 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 4,406 |  |  | 6.4
Total European | $ | 866,751 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 724,002 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 142,749 |  |  | 19.7
| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
European |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan | 5,339 |  |  | 34.2 |  |  | 6,368 |  |  | 39.8 |  |  | (1,029) |  |  | (16.2)
Campervan | 5,694 |  |  | 36.5 |  |  | 4,171 |  |  | 26.1 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 36.5
Caravan | 4,560 |  |  | 29.3 |  |  | 5,462 |  |  | 34.1 |  |  | (902) |  |  | (16.5)
Total European | 15,593 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 16,001 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | (408) |  |  | (2.5)

IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY, PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:
|  | Foreign Currency % |  | Mix and Price % |  | % Change
European |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan |  | (2.7) |  | 20.0 |  | 17.3
Campervan |  | (2.7) |  | 54.3 |  | 51.6
Caravan |  | (2.7) |  | 20.6 |  | 17.9
Total European |  | (2.7) |  | 24.9 |  | 22.2

The increase in total European recreational vehicle net sales of 19.7% compared to the prior-year quarter resulted from a 2.5% decrease in unit shipments and a 22.2% increase in the overall net price per unit due to the total combined impact of changes in foreign currency, product mix and price. The increase in European recreational vehicle net sales of $142,749 includes a decrease of $19,794, or 2.7%, due to the decrease in foreign exchange rates since the prior-year period.
The overall net price per unit increase of 22.2% includes a 2.7% decrease due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and a 24.9% increase due to the combined impact of product mix and selling price increases to offset increased material and other input costs.
The constant-currency increases in the overall net price per unit within the Motorcaravan product line of 20.0% and within the Caravan product line of 20.6% were primarily due to the impact of selling price increases and product mix changes. The Campervan product line constant-currency increase of 54.3% includes the impact of selling price increases and product mix changes, in addition to the current-year period including a much higher concentration of Campervan units with a purchased chassis that is included in the sales price as opposed to units with a customer-supplied chassis that is not included in the sales price.
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European recreational vehicle cost of products sold increased $90,814 to $714,971, or 82.5% of European recreational vehicle net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to $624,157, or 86.2% of European recreational vehicle net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2022. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $75,701 of the $90,814 increase primarily due to the increased Campervan net sales volume. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of European recreational vehicle net sales decreased to 73.0% for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 76.9% for the three months ended April 30, 2022, with the decrease primarily due to a decrease in the material cost percentage due to net selling price increases and product mix changes. The labor cost percentage also improved. Total manufacturing overhead increased $15,113 with the increase in net sales, and increased slightly as a percentage of European recreational vehicle net sales from 9.3% to 9.5%.
European recreational vehicle gross profit increased $51,935 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 primarily due to the decrease in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
European recreational vehicle selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2,475 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2022 primarily due to the increase in European recreational vehicle net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to increase by $1,770. The decrease in the overall selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of European recreational vehicle net sales is primarily due to the increase in net sales noted above.
European recreational vehicle income before income taxes was $72,401, or approximately 8.4% of European recreational vehicle net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to income before income taxes of $20,559, or 2.8% of European recreational vehicle net sales, for the three months ended April 30, 2022. The primary reason for the increase in income before income taxes was the increase in European recreational vehicle net sales and the improvements in the cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expense percentages noted above.
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Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 Compared to the Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022

NET SALES: | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  |  |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 3,271,967 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,866,059 |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,594,092) |  |  | (52.3)
North American Motorized | 2,658,042 |  |  |  |  | 2,954,879 |  |  |  |  | (296,837) |  |  | (10.0)
Total North America | 5,930,009 |  |  |  |  | 9,820,938 |  |  |  |  | (3,890,929) |  |  | (39.6)
European | 2,017,991 |  |  |  |  | 2,080,729 |  |  |  |  | (62,738) |  |  | (3.0)
Total recreational vehicles | 7,948,000 |  |  |  |  | 11,901,667 |  |  |  |  | (3,953,667) |  |  | (33.2)
Other | 598,671 |  |  |  |  | 935,146 |  |  |  |  | (336,475) |  |  | (36.0)
Intercompany eliminations | (163,132) |  |  |  |  | (346,054) |  |  |  |  | 182,922 |  |  | 52.9
Total | $ | 8,383,539 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,490,759 |  |  |  |  | $ | (4,107,220) |  |  | (32.9)

# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | 81,941 |  |  |  |  | 194,231 |  |  |  |  | (112,290) |  |  | (57.8)
North American Motorized | 19,791 |  |  |  |  | 22,589 |  |  |  |  | (2,798) |  |  | (12.4)
Total North America | 101,732 |  |  |  |  | 216,820 |  |  |  |  | (115,088) |  |  | (53.1)
European | 38,131 |  |  |  |  | 43,189 |  |  |  |  | (5,058) |  |  | (11.7)
Total | 139,863 |  |  |  |  | 260,009 |  |  |  |  | (120,146) |  |  | (46.2)

GROSS PROFIT: |  |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  |  |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 392,717 |  |  | 12.0 |  | $ | 1,239,162 |  |  | 18.0 |  | $ | (846,445) |  |  | (68.3)
North American Motorized | 386,254 |  |  | 14.5 |  | 469,906 |  |  | 15.9 |  | (83,652) |  |  | (17.8)
Total North America | 778,971 |  |  | 13.1 |  | 1,709,068 |  |  | 17.4 |  | (930,097) |  |  | (54.4)
European | 312,075 |  |  | 15.5 |  | 257,418 |  |  | 12.4 |  | 54,657 |  |  | 21.2
Total recreational vehicles | 1,091,046 |  |  | 13.7 |  | 1,966,486 |  |  | 16.5 |  | (875,440) |  |  | (44.5)
Other, net | 111,002 |  |  | 18.5 |  | 171,657 |  |  | 18.4 |  | (60,655) |  |  | (35.3)
Total | $ | 1,202,048 |  |  | 14.3 |  | $ | 2,138,143 |  |  | 17.1 |  | $ | (936,095) |  |  | (43.8)

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 192,181 |  |  | 5.9 |  | $ | 345,778 |  |  | 5.0 |  | $ | (153,597) |  |  | (44.4)
North American Motorized | 142,475 |  |  | 5.4 |  | 152,535 |  |  | 5.2 |  | (10,060) |  |  | (6.6)
Total North America | 334,656 |  |  | 5.6 |  | 498,313 |  |  | 5.1 |  | (163,657) |  |  | (32.8)
European | 192,942 |  |  | 9.6 |  | 193,170 |  |  | 9.3 |  | (228) |  |  | (0.1)
Total recreational vehicles | 527,598 |  |  | 6.6 |  | 691,483 |  |  | 5.8 |  | (163,885) |  |  | (23.7)
Other | 50,592 |  |  | 8.5 |  | 55,982 |  |  | 6.0 |  | (5,390) |  |  | (9.6)
Corporate | 82,221 |  |  | — |  | 97,544 |  |  | — |  | (15,323) |  |  | (15.7)
Total | $ | 660,411 |  |  | 7.9 |  | $ | 845,009 |  |  | 6.8 |  | $ | (184,598) |  |  | (21.8)

43

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES: | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
Recreational vehicles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables | $ | 181,471 |  |  | 5.5 |  | $ | 868,874 |  |  | 12.7 |  | $ | (687,403) |  |  | (79.1)
North American Motorized | 234,163 |  |  | 8.8 |  | 309,228 |  |  | 10.5 |  | (75,065) |  |  | (24.3)
Total North America | 415,634 |  |  | 7.0 |  | 1,178,102 |  |  | 12.0 |  | (762,468) |  |  | (64.7)
European | 77,948 |  |  | 3.9 |  | 12,248 |  |  | 0.6 |  | 65,700 |  |  | 536.4
Total recreational vehicles | 493,582 |  |  | 6.2 |  | 1,190,350 |  |  | 10.0 |  | (696,768) |  |  | (58.5)
Other, net | 30,004 |  |  | 5.0 |  | 93,531 |  |  | 10.0 |  | (63,527) |  |  | (67.9)
Corporate | (156,146) |  |  | — |  | (162,379) |  |  | — |  | 6,233 |  |  | 3.8
Total | $ | 367,440 |  |  | 4.4 |  | $ | 1,121,502 |  |  | 9.0 |  | $ | (754,062) |  |  | (67.2)

CONSOLIDATED
Consolidated net sales for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 decreased $4,107,220, or 32.9%, compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The decrease in consolidated net sales is primarily due to lower current dealer and consumer demand in comparison to record demand in the prior-year period, primarily in the North American Towables segment. Approximately 24.1% of the Company’s net sales for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 were transacted in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company’s most material exchange rate exposure is sales in Euros. The decrease in consolidated net sales includes a decrease of $162,249 from the change in currency exchange rates between the two periods. To determine this impact, net sales transacted in currencies other than U.S. dollars have been translated to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates that were in effect during the comparative periods.
Consolidated gross profit for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 decreased $936,095 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022. Consolidated gross profit was 14.3% of consolidated net sales for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 and 17.1% for the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The decreases in consolidated gross profit and the consolidated gross profit percentage were both primarily due to the impact of the decrease in consolidated net sales in the current-year period compared to the prior-year period.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 decreased $184,598, or 21.8%, compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022, primarily due to the 32.9% decrease in consolidated net sales and a decrease in net costs related to the ongoing investigation of the Company’s advertising practices in Germany and a product recall as discussed in Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The decrease of $754,062, or 67.2%, in income before income taxes for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022, was primarily driven by the decrease in consolidated net sales and the decrease in the consolidated gross profit percentage noted above.
The overall effective income tax rate for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 was 23.0% compared with 23.6% for the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The primary reason for the decrease in the overall effective income tax rate was certain unfavorable tax provision adjustments that primarily resulted from changes in estimates while completing the prior-year tax return that were made during the nine months ended April 30, 2022.
Additional information concerning the changes in net sales, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and income before income taxes are addressed below and in the segment reporting that follows.
44

The $15,323 decrease in Corporate costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022, primarily related to expenses accrued in the prior-year period related to the ongoing investigation of the Company’s advertising practices in Germany as discussed in Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. This decrease also includes a decrease in incentive compensation of $5,321 due to the decrease in income before income taxes compared to the prior-year period, and a decrease of $5,100 in costs recorded at Corporate related to our standby repurchase obligations due to a small decrease in dealer inventory levels in the current-year period as compared to a large increase in dealer inventory levels in the prior-year period. These decreases were partially offset by a stock-based compensation expense increase of $4,600, and deferred compensation increased $11,807 due to market fluctuations between the two periods.
The $9,090 increase in net expense in Corporate interest and other income and expense for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 includes an increase in net interest expense and fees of $7,999 on our debt primarily due to higher interest rates compared to the prior-year period, and a decrease of $7,819 in non-cash foreign currency gains on certain Euro-denominated loans in the current-year period as compared to the prior-year period. In addition, the current-year period included operating losses of $6,248 related to our Roadpass Digital joint venture as discussed in Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These increases in net expense were partially offset by the favorable change of $11,852 in the fair value of the Company's deferred compensation plan assets due to market fluctuations between the two periods.
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Segment Reporting
NORTH AMERICAN TOWABLE RECREATIONAL VEHICLES
Analysis of the change in net sales for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022:

| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers | $ | 2,030,451 |  |  | 62.1 |  |  | $ | 4,316,049 |  |  | 62.9 |  |  | $ | (2,285,598) |  |  | (53.0)
Fifth Wheels | 1,241,516 |  |  | 37.9 |  |  | 2,550,010 |  |  | 37.1 |  |  | (1,308,494) |  |  | (51.3)
Total North American Towables | $ | 3,271,967 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 6,866,059 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (3,594,092) |  |  | (52.3)
| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Towables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers | 63,106 |  |  | 77.0 |  |  | 155,896 |  |  | 80.3 |  |  | (92,790) |  |  | (59.5)
Fifth Wheels | 18,835 |  |  | 23.0 |  |  | 38,335 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | (19,500) |  |  | (50.9)
Total North American Towables | 81,941 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 194,231 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | (112,290) |  |  | (57.8)
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES: |  |  |  | % Change
North American Towables |  |  |  |
Travel Trailers |  |  |  | 6.5
Fifth Wheels |  |  |  | (0.4)
Total North American Towables |  |  |  | 5.5

The decrease in total North American towables net sales of 52.3% compared to the prior-year period resulted from a 57.8% decrease in unit shipments and a 5.5% increase in the overall net price per unit due to the combined impact of changes in price and product mix, which included net selling price increases to help offset higher material costs. The decrease in unit shipments is primarily due to a softening in dealer and consumer demand in comparison with the record demand in the prior-year period, which included independent dealers restocking their inventory unit stock levels. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the nine months ended April 30, 2023, combined North American travel trailer and fifth wheel wholesale unit shipments decreased 53.5% compared to the same period last year. According to the most recently published statistics from Stat Surveys, for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our North American market share for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined was 42.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Comparisons of Company shipments to industry shipments on a quarterly basis would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for a full fiscal year.
The increase in the overall net price per unit within the travel trailer product line of 6.5% was primarily due to the impact of selling price increases, primarily to offset higher material costs, and product mix changes compared to the prior-year period, partially offset by increased sales discounts. The slight decrease in the overall net price per unit within the fifth wheel product line of 0.4% was primarily due to the impact of selling price increases, primarily due to higher material costs, being offset by elevated sales discounting.
46

North American towables cost of products sold decreased $2,747,647 to $2,879,250, or 88.0% of North American towables net sales, for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to $5,626,897, or 82.0% of North American towables net sales, for the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $2,652,386 of the $2,747,647 decrease in cost of products sold. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American towables net sales increased to 80.4% for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 77.0% for the nine months ended April 30, 2022, primarily as a result of an increase in the material cost percentage compared to the prior-year period due to increased sales discounts, which effectively decrease net selling prices and correspondingly increase the material cost percentage, as well as higher material costs since the prior-year period. The warranty cost percentage also increased. Total manufacturing overhead decreased $95,261 in correlation with the decrease in sales, but increased as a percentage of North American towables net sales from 5.0% to 7.6%, as the decreased net sales levels resulted in higher overhead costs per unit sold.
The decrease of $846,445 in North American towables gross profit for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was driven by the decrease in net sales and the decrease in the gross profit percentage is due to the increase in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
The decrease of $153,597 in North American towables selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 includes the impact of the decrease in North American towables net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to decrease by $149,946. The remaining decrease is primarily due to a decrease in settlement costs related to a product recall related to certain purchased parts utilized in certain of our North American towable products, as discussed in Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $7,640 in sales-related travel, advertising and promotions costs, as certain dealer shows attended in the current-year period were canceled in the prior-year period due to COVID-19 concerns. The increase in the overall selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of North American towables net sales is primarily due to the decrease in net sales.
The decrease of $687,403 in North American towables income before income taxes for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in North American towables net sales, and the primary reason for the decrease in percentage was the increase in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
47

NORTH AMERICAN MOTORIZED RECREATIONAL VEHICLES
Analysis of the change in net sales for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022:

| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A | $ | 887,678 |  |  | 33.4 |  |  | $ | 1,314,067 |  |  | 44.5 |  |  | $ | (426,389) |  |  | (32.4)
Class C | 1,216,537 |  |  | 45.8 |  |  | 1,057,015 |  |  | 35.8 |  |  | 159,522 |  |  | 15.1
Class B | 553,827 |  |  | 20.8 |  |  | 583,797 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | (29,970) |  |  | (5.1)
Total North American Motorized | $ | 2,658,042 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 2,954,879 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (296,837) |  |  | (10.0)
| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A | 4,326 |  |  | 21.9 |  |  | 6,689 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | (2,363) |  |  | (35.3)
Class C | 10,844 |  |  | 54.8 |  |  | 10,268 |  |  | 45.5 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 5.6
Class B | 4,621 |  |  | 23.3 |  |  | 5,632 |  |  | 24.9 |  |  | (1,011) |  |  | (18.0)
Total North American Motorized | 19,791 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 22,589 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | (2,798) |  |  | (12.4)
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES: |  |  |  | % Change
North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.9 |
Class C |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.5 |
Class B |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.9 |
Total North American Motorized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.4 |

The decrease in total North American motorized net sales of 10.0% compared to the prior-year period resulted from a 12.4% decrease in unit shipments due to softening dealer and consumer demand, and a 2.4% increase in the overall net price per unit due to the combined impact of changes in product price and mix, which included net selling price increases to help offset higher material and other input costs. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the nine months ended April 30, 2023, combined North American motorhome wholesale unit shipments decreased 5.5% compared to the same period last year. According to statistics published by Stat Surveys, for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our North American market share for motorhomes was 47.3% and 48.5%, respectively. Comparisons of Company shipments to industry shipments on a quarterly basis would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for a full fiscal year.
The increase in the overall net price per unit within the Class A product line of 2.9% was primarily due to net selling price increases since the prior-year period to offset known and anticipated material and other input cost increases, partially offset by a higher concentration of sales of the more moderately-priced gas Class A products in the current-year period. The increase in the overall net price per unit within the Class C product line of 9.5% was primarily due to net selling price increases since the prior-year period to offset higher material and other input costs as well as product mix changes. The increase in the overall net price per unit within the Class B product line of 12.9% was primarily due to net selling price increases since the prior-year period, and a higher concentration of sales of higher-priced Class B products in the current-year period.
48

North American motorized cost of products sold decreased $213,185 to $2,271,788, or 85.5% of North American motorized net sales, for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to $2,484,973, or 84.1% of North American motorized net sales, for the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $212,110 of the $213,185 decrease due to the decreased sales volume. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American motorized net sales increased to 79.9% for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 79.0% for the nine months ended April 30, 2022, with the increase primarily due to an increase in the warranty cost percentage. Total manufacturing overhead decreased $1,075 but increased as a percentage of North American motorized net sales from 5.1% to 5.6% as the decrease in net sales levels resulted in slightly higher overhead costs per unit sold.
The decrease of $83,652 in North American motorized gross profit for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was driven by the decrease in net sales, while the increase in the gross profit percentage is due to the decrease in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
The decrease of $10,060 in North American motorized selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 is primarily due to the decreases in North American motorized net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to decrease by $19,338. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in sales-related travel, advertising and promotional costs of $2,383, as certain dealer shows attended in the current-year period were canceled in the prior-year period due to COVID-19 concerns, and an increase in professional fees and related settlement and RV repurchase costs of $5,765.
The decrease of $75,065 in North American motorized income before income taxes for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in North American motorized net sales, and the primary reason for the decrease in percentage was the increase in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
49

EUROPEAN RECREATIONAL VEHICLES
Analysis of the change in net sales for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022:

| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Net Sales |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
European |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan | $ | 901,926 |  |  | 44.7 |  |  | $ | 1,057,039 |  |  | 50.8 |  |  | $ | (155,113) |  |  | (14.7)
Campervan | 648,717 |  |  | 32.1 |  |  | 520,778 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 127,939 |  |  | 24.6
Caravan | 272,521 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 266,605 |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | 5,916 |  |  | 2.2
Other | 194,827 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 236,307 |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | (41,480) |  |  | (17.6)
Total European | $ | 2,017,991 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 2,080,729 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (62,738) |  |  | (3.0)
| Nine Months Ended April 30, 2023 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Nine Months Ended April 30, 2022 |  | % of Segment Shipments |  | Change Amount |  | % Change
# OF UNITS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
European |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan | 12,523 |  |  | 32.8 |  |  | 17,430 |  |  | 40.4 |  |  | (4,907) |  |  | (28.2)
Campervan | 13,853 |  |  | 36.3 |  |  | 13,349 |  |  | 30.9 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 3.8
Caravan | 11,755 |  |  | 30.9 |  |  | 12,410 |  |  | 28.7 |  |  | (655) |  |  | (5.3)
Total European | 38,131 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 43,189 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | (5,058) |  |  | (11.7)

IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY, PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:
|  | Foreign Currency % |  | Mix and Price % |  | % Change
European |  |  |  |  |  |
Motorcaravan |  | (7.8) |  | 21.3 |  | 13.5
Campervan |  | (7.8) |  | 28.6 |  | 20.8
Caravan |  | (7.8) |  | 15.3 |  | 7.5
Total European |  | (7.8) |  | 16.5 |  | 8.7

The decrease in total European recreational vehicle net sales of 3.0% compared to the prior-year period resulted from an 11.7% decrease in unit shipments and an 8.7% increase in the overall net price per unit due to the total combined impact of changes in foreign currency, product mix and price. The decrease in European recreational vehicle net sales of $62,738 includes a decrease of $162,249, or 7.8% of the 3.0% decrease, due to the decrease in foreign exchange rates since the prior-year period. Sales on a constant-currency basis increased by 4.8%.
The overall net price per unit increase of 8.7% includes a 7.8% decrease due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and a 16.5% increase due to the combined impact of product mix and selling price increases to offset increased material and other input costs.
The constant-currency increases in the overall net price per unit within the Motorcaravan product line of 21.3% and the Campervan product line of 28.6% were primarily due to the impact of selling price increases and product mix changes. The increase in the overall net price per unit due to product mix and price within the Caravan product line of 15.3% was primarily due to the impact of selling price increases.
50

European recreational vehicle cost of products sold decreased $117,395 to $1,705,916, or 84.5% of European recreational vehicle net sales, for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to $1,823,311, or 87.6% of European recreational vehicle net sales, for the nine months ended April 30, 2022. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $119,892 of the $117,395 decrease. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of European recreational vehicle net sales decreased to 73.9% for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 77.5% for the nine months ended April 30, 2022, with the decrease primarily due to a decrease in the material cost percentage due to net selling price increases and product mix changes. The labor and warranty cost percentages also both improved. Total manufacturing overhead increased as a percentage of European recreational vehicle net sales from 10.2% to 10.6% primarily due to the net sales reduction resulting in increased overhead costs per unit sold.
The increase of $54,657 in European recreational vehicle gross profit for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was due to the decrease in the cost of products sold percentage noted above.
The $228 decrease in European recreational vehicle selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was due to the reduction in foreign exchange rates since the prior-year period, which offset the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses on a constant-currency basis. The constant-currency increase was primarily due to increased advertising and promotion costs, as participation in most European trade fairs in the prior-year period was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic but resumed in the current-year period. Compensation and benefit costs also increased.
The primary reason for the $65,700 increase in European recreational vehicle income before income taxes, in spite of the decrease in European recreational vehicle net sales, was the improvement in the cost of products sold percentage noted above. The increase in the net income before income taxes percentage to net sales was primarily due to the improvement in the cost of products sold percentage noted above, partially offset by the increase in the selling general and administrative expense percentage noted above. Amortization expense was also 0.6% lower as a percentage of sales in the current year compared to the prior-year period.
Financial Condition and Liquidity
As of April 30, 2023, we had $353,226 in cash and cash equivalents, of which $258,452 was held in the U.S. and the equivalent of $94,774, predominantly in Euros, was held in Europe, compared to $311,553 on July 31, 2022, of which $256,492 was held in the U.S. and the equivalent of $55,061, predominantly in Euros, was held in Europe. Cash and cash equivalents held internationally may be subject to foreign withholding taxes if repatriated to the U.S. The components of this $41,673 increase in cash and cash equivalents are described in more detail below.
Net working capital at April 30, 2023 was $1,364,233 compared to $1,306,563 at July 31, 2022. Capital expenditures of $150,466 for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 were made primarily for production building additions and improvements and replacing machinery and equipment used in the ordinary course of business.
We strive to maintain adequate cash balances to ensure we have sufficient resources to respond to opportunities and changing business conditions. In addition, the unused availability under our revolving asset-based credit facility is generally available to the Company for general operating purposes, and approximated $950,000 at April 30, 2023. We believe our on-hand cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations, along with funds available under the revolving asset-based credit facility, will be sufficient to fund expected operational requirements for the foreseeable future.
Our priorities for the use of current and future available cash generated from operations remain consistent with our history, and include reducing our indebtedness, maintaining and, over time, growing our dividend payments and funding our growth, both organically and opportunistically, through acquisitions. We may also consider strategic and opportunistic repurchases of shares of THOR stock under the share repurchase authorizations as discussed in Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and special dividends based upon market and business conditions and excess cash availability, subject to potential customary limits and restrictions pursuant to our credit facilities, applicable legal limitations and determination by the Company's Board of Directors ("Board"). We believe our on-hand cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations will be sufficient to fund expected cash dividend payments and share repurchases for the foreseeable future.
Subsequent to April 30, 2023, we made principal payments totaling $50,000 to fully pay off the outstanding balance on our asset-based credit facility and paid $85,000 against the principal balance of our U.S. term loan.
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We anticipate capital expenditures during the remainder of fiscal 2023 for the Company ranging from approximately $50,000 to $60,000, primarily for certain building projects and certain automation projects, as well as replacing and upgrading machinery, equipment and other assets throughout our facilities to be used in the ordinary course of business. We anticipate approximately two-thirds of the anticipated capital expenditures will be in North America and one-third in Europe, and that these expenditures will be funded by cash provided by our operating activities.
The Company’s Board currently intends to continue regular quarterly cash dividend payments in the future. As is customary under credit facilities, certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends, are subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions prior to payment. The conditions for the payment of dividends under the existing debt facilities include a minimum level of adjusted excess cash availability and a fixed charge coverage ratio test, both as defined in the credit agreements. The declaration of future dividends and the establishment of the per share amounts, record dates and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the determination of the Board, and will be dependent upon future earnings, cash flows and other factors, in addition to compliance with any then-existing financing facilities.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 was $474,120 as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $637,549 for the nine months ended April 30, 2022.
For the nine months ended April 30, 2023, net income adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles and stock-based compensation) provided $511,534 of operating cash, while the change in net working capital resulted in a net use of $37,414 of operating cash during that period.
For the nine months ended April 30, 2022, net income adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles and stock-based compensation) provided $1,082,146 of operating cash. The change in working capital resulted in the use of $444,597 of operating cash during that period, primarily due to an increase in inventory, as production levels increased due to continued heightened consumer demand, and ongoing supply constraints caused work in process and other inventory categories to increase. In addition, there was an increase in accounts receivable. These increases were partially offset by an increase in accounts payable primarily related to the inventory growth, and an increase in accrued liabilities.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 was $171,562, primarily due to capital expenditures of $150,466.
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was $971,846, primarily due to $781,967 used in business acquisitions, primarily for the Airxcel acquisition discussed in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and capital expenditures of $170,702.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2023 was $266,068, including payments of $50,000 on the asset-based credit facility and $102,355 on the term-loan credit facilities, in addition to treasury share repurchases of $42,007. Regular quarterly dividend payments of $0.45 per share for each of the first three quarters of fiscal 2023 were also made totaling $71,978.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended April 30, 2022 was $250,452, consisting primarily of borrowings of $660,088 on the revolving asset-based credit facilities, which included $625,000 borrowed in connection with the acquisition of Airxcel and $35,088 for temporary working capital needs, in addition to $500,000 in proceeds from the issuance of Senior Unsecured Notes in October 2021, which were then used as part of the $559,035 in payments on the ABL facility. Payments of $132,407 were also made on the term-loan credit facilities and other debt. Regular quarterly dividend payments of $0.43 per share for each of the first three quarters of fiscal 2022 were made totaling $71,496, and $98,321 was spent on treasury share repurchases.
The Company increased its previous regular quarterly dividend of $0.43 per share to $0.45 per share in October 2022. In October 2021, the Company increased its previous regular quarterly dividend of $0.41 per share to $0.43 per share.
52

Accounting Standards
None.
Critical Accounting Estimates
For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates, refer to "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 and the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2022.
53

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. At times, the Company enters into hedging transactions to mitigate certain of these risks in accordance with guidelines established by the Company’s management. The Company does not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
CURRENCY EXCHANGE RISK – The Company’s principal currency exposures mainly relate to the Euro and British Pound Sterling. The Company periodically uses foreign currency forward contracts to manage certain foreign exchange rate exposure related to anticipated sales transactions in Pounds Sterling with financial instruments whose maturity date, along with the realized gain or loss, occurs on or near the execution of the anticipated transaction.
The Company also holds $557,228 of debt denominated in Euros at April 30, 2023. A hypothetical 10% change in the Euro/U.S. Dollar exchange rate would change our April 30, 2023 debt balance by approximately $55,723.
INTEREST RATE RISK – The Company uses pay-fixed, receive-floating interest rate swaps to convert a portion of the Company’s long-term debt from floating to fixed-rate debt. As of April 30, 2023, the Company has $110,175 as notional amounts hedged in relation to the floating-to-fixed interest rate swap. The notional amounts hedged will decrease on a quarterly basis to zero by August 1, 2023.
Based on our interest rate exposure at April 30, 2023, assumed floating-rate debt levels throughout the next 12 months and the effects of our existing derivative instruments, a one-percentage-point increase in interest rates (approximately 13.6% of our weighted-average interest rate at April 30, 2023) would result in an estimated $11,017 pre-tax reduction in net earnings over a one-year period.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined under Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. The Company has carried out an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at attaining the level of reasonable assurance noted above.
During the quarter ended April 30, 2023, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
(Unless otherwise indicated, amounts in thousands except share and per share data.)
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved in certain litigation arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business, most of which is based upon state “lemon laws,” warranty claims and vehicle accidents (for which the Company carries insurance above a specified self-insured retention or deductible amount). The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the probability of an adverse outcome and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. In management’s opinion, the ultimate disposition of any current legal proceedings or claims against the Company will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Litigation is, however, inherently uncertain and an adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on the operating results of a particular reporting period.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Although risks specific to the supply chain disruptions are ongoing, and macroeconomic issues like general inflation, as well as certain geopolitical events, including military conflicts, remain, at this point there have been no material changes in those risks or any others from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
During the three months ended April 30, 2023, the Company used $16,600 to purchase shares of common stock under its share repurchase authorizations. The Company’s total remaining authorizations for common stock repurchases was $491,207 at April 30, 2023.
A summary of the Company’s share repurchases during the three months ended April 30, 2023 is set forth below:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
2/1/23 – 2/28/23 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 507,807 |
3/1/23 – 3/31/23 |  | 190,233 |  |  | $ | 78.83 |  |  | 190,233 |  |  | $ | 492,811 |
4/1/23 – 4/30/23 |  | 20,566 |  |  | $ | 77.99 |  |  | 20,566 |  |  | $ | 491,207 |
|  | 210,799 |  |  |  |  | 210,799 |  |  |

(1)On December 21, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized Company management to utilize up to $250,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through December 21, 2024. On June 24, 2022, the Board authorized Company management to utilize up to an additional $448,321 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through July 31, 2025. Under the two share repurchase authorizations, the Company is authorized to repurchase, on a discretionary basis and from time-to-time, outstanding shares of its common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means. The timing and amount of share repurchases will be determined at the discretion of the Company’s management team based upon the market price of the stock, management's evaluation of general market and economic conditions, cash availability and other factors. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and the Company has no obligation to repurchase any amount of its common stock under this program. During the nine months ended April 30, 2023, the Company purchased 549,532 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $76.44 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $42,007, all from the December 21, 2021 authorization. As of April 30, 2023, the remaining amount of the Company's common stock that may be repurchased under the December 21, 2021 $250,000 authorization expiring on December 21, 2024 is $42,886. As of April 30, 2023, the remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under the June 24, 2022 authorization expiring on July 31, 2025 is $448,321. As of April 30, 2023, the total remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under these two authorizations is $491,207.
55

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit | Description
3.1 | Thor Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2018)
3.2 | Thor Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated By-Laws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2018)
31.1 | Chief Executive Officer’s Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
31.2 | Chief Financial Officer’s Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
32.1 | Chief Executive Officer’s Section 1350 Certification
32.2 | Chief Financial Officer’s Section 1350 Certification
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Attached as Exhibits 101 to this report are the following financial statements from the Company's Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2023 formatted in XBRL (“eXtensible Business Reporting Language”): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity and (v) related notes to these financial statements.
56

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
THOR INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Registrant)

DATE: | June 6, 2023 | /s/ Robert W. Martin
|  | Robert W. Martin
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
DATE: | June 6, 2023 | /s/ Colleen Zuhl
|  | Colleen Zuhl
|  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer