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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Line Items] |
Provision for (Benefit From) Income Taxes | The provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists of the following:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current |  |  |  |  |
| Federal | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )
| State | 36 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |
| Foreign | 59 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 63 |
| Current income tax provision | 88 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 65 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
| Federal | 63 |  |  | (205 | ) |  | 51 |
| State | (39 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | 5 |
| Foreign | (10 | ) |  | 18 |  |  | (5 | )
| Deferred income tax provision | 14 |  |  | (192 | ) |  | 51 |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | (150 | ) |  | $ | 116 |
Pretax Income (Loss) for Domestic and Foreign Operations | Pretax income for domestic and foreign operations consists of the following:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
United States | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 127 |
Foreign | 153 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 152 |
Pretax income | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 279 |
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities | Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:
|  | As of December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
| Net tax loss carryforwards | $ | 1,390 |  |  | $ | 1,104 |
| Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue | 230 |  |  | 216 |
| Tax credits | 17 |  |  | 24 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 16 |  |  | 4 |
| Provision for doubtful accounts | 6 |  |  | 8 |
| Other | 38 |  |  | 50 |
| Valuation allowance (a) | (311 | ) |  | (331 | )
Deferred income tax assets | 1,386 |  |  | 1,075 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization | 60 |  |  | 121 |
| Prepaid expenses | 20 |  |  | 20 |
| Other | 5 |  |  | 3 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 85 |  |  | 144 |
Deferred income tax assets, net | $ | 1,301 |  |  | $ | 931 |
__________
(a) | The valuation allowance of $311 million at December 31, 2018 relates to tax loss carryforwards and certain deferred tax assets of $283 million and $28 million, respectively. The valuation allowance will be reduced when and if the Company determines it is more likely than not that the related deferred income tax assets will be realized. The valuation allowance of $331 million at December 31, 2017 relates to tax loss carryforwards and certain deferred tax assets of $302 million and $29 million, respectively. The valuation allowance will be reduced when and if the Company determines it is more likely than not that the related deferred income tax assets will be re
Reconciliation of U.S Federal Income Tax Statutory Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate | The reconciliation between the U.S. federal income tax statutory rate and the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
U.S. federal statutory rate | 21.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
Adjustments to reconcile to the effective rate: |  |  |  |  |
| State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefits | 5.5 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 2.0 |
| Changes in valuation allowances | 6.3 |  |  | (4.7 | ) |  | (0.2 | )
| Taxes on foreign operations at rates different than statutory U.S. federal rates | (5.2 | ) |  | (3.6 | ) |  | 3.1 |
| Stock-based compensation | (0.8 | ) |  | (3.4 | ) |  | — |
| Tax Act (benefit) expense | 11.2 |  |  | (100.8 | ) |  | — |
| Other non-deductible expenses | 1.1 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1.7 |
| Other | (0.9 | ) |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |
|  | 38.2 | % |  | (71.1 | )% |  | 41.6 | %
Changes in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | The following is a tabular reconciliation of the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year:
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance at January 1 | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 56 |
| Additions for tax positions related to current year | 8 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |
| Additions for tax positions for prior years | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3 |
| Reductions for tax positions for prior years | (6 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (3 | )
| Settlements | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
| Statute of limitations | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 59 |
Unrecognized Tax Benefits | The following table presents unrecognized tax benefits:
| As of December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Unrecognized tax benefit in non-current income taxes payable (a) | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Accrued interest payable on potential tax liabilities (b) | 29 |  |  | 26 |
__________
(a) | Pursuant to the agreements governing the disposition of certain subsidiaries in 2006, the Company is entitled to indemnification for certain pre-disposition tax contingencies. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, $13 million of unrecognized tax benefits are related to tax contingencies for which the Company believes it is entitled to indemnification.
(b) | The Company recognizes potential interest related to unrecognized tax benefits within interest expense related to corporate debt, net on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Penalties incurred during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were not significant and were recognized as a component of the provision for income taxes.
Vehicle Programs |
Income Taxes [Line Items] |
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities | Deferred income tax assets and liabilities related to vehicle programs are comprised of the following:
| As of December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 58 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,005 |  |  | 1,652 |
Deferred income tax liabilities under vehicle programs, net | $ | 1,961 |  |  | $ | 1,594 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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