Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets, other than goodwill, are as follows:



	March 31, 2013							December 31, 2012
	Gross Assets		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Assets		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(in thousands)
Core-developed technology	$	418,123	$	(331,603	)	$	86,520	$	407,024	$	(332,763	)	$	74,261
Customer contracts and relationships	281,697		(154,042		)	127,655		292,252		(154,890		)	137,362
Trademarks and trade names	71,004		(64,100		)	6,904		72,770		(65,090		)	7,680
Other	11,092		(11,024		)	68		11,094		(11,026		)	68
Total intangible assets subject to amortization	781,916		(560,769		)	221,147		783,140		(563,769		)	219,371
In-process research and development	—					—		19,400					19,400
Total intangible assets	$	781,916	$	(560,769	)	$	221,147	$	802,540	$	(563,769	)	$	238,771

A summary of the intangible asset account activity is as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance, intangible assets, gross	$	802,540		$	749,194
Effect of change in exchange rates	(20,624		)	16,518
Ending balance, intangible assets, gross	$	781,916		$	765,712

The balance of IPR&D as of December 31, 2012 was related to the SmartSynch acquisition on May 1, 2012, and consisted primarily of projects to upgrade the hardware components of cellular communication modules to be compatible with 3G cellular network standards. Upon completion of these projects in March 2013, we performed a qualitative assessment and determined that it was more than likely that the carrying amount of IPR&D was not impaired. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2013, the carrying amount of IPR&D was reclassified as core-developed technology and will be amortized over its expected useful life of seven years based on the SmartSynch acquisition discounted cash flow valuation model.

Intangible assets of our international subsidiaries are recorded in their respective functional currency; therefore, the carrying amounts of intangible assets increase or decrease, with a corresponding change in accumulated OCI, due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Estimated future annual amortization expense is as follows:



Years ending December 31,	Estimated Annual Amortization
	(in thousands)
2013 (amount remaining at March 31, 2013)	$	30,901
2014	43,672
2015	35,055
2016	27,306
2017	20,295
Beyond 2017	63,918
Total intangible assets, net	$	221,147