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Intangible Assets and Liabilities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets and Liabilities | Intangible Assets and Liabilities The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization (accretion) of our intangible assets and liabilities, other than goodwill, are as follows:
| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |
In thousands | Gross Assets |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion |  | Net |  | Gross Assets |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion |  | Net
Intangible Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core-developed technology | $ | 507,669 |  |  | $ | (458,109) |  |  | $ | 49,560 |  |  | $ | 507,100 |  |  | $ | (429,955) |  |  | $ | 77,145 |
Customer contracts and relationships | 381,288 |  |  | (251,509) |  |  | 129,779 |  |  | 379,614 |  |  | (212,538) |  |  | 167,076 |
Trademarks and trade names | 78,837 |  |  | (73,732) |  |  | 5,105 |  |  | 78,746 |  |  | (69,879) |  |  | 8,867 |
Other | 12,020 |  |  | (11,367) |  |  | 653 |  |  | 12,600 |  |  | (11,205) |  |  | 1,395 |
Total intangible assets subject to amortization | 979,814 |  |  | (794,717) |  |  | 185,097 |  |  | 978,060 |  |  | (723,577) |  |  | 254,483 |
In-process research and development | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,100 |  |  |  |  | 3,100 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 979,814 |  |  | $ | (794,717) |  |  | $ | 185,097 |  |  | $ | 981,160 |  |  | $ | (723,577) |  |  | $ | 257,583 |
Intangible Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer contracts and relationships | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | 13,450 |  |  | $ | (10,450) |  |  | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | 5,217 |  |  | $ | (18,683) |
A summary of the intangible assets and liabilities account activity is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, |  |
In thousands | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance, intangible assets, gross | $ | 981,160 |  |  | $ | 769,851 |
Intangible assets acquired | — |  |  | 242,039 |
Effect of change in exchange rates | (1,346) |  |  | (30,730) |
Ending balance, intangible assets, gross | $ | 979,814 |  |  | $ | 981,160 |
Beginning balance, intangible liabilities, gross | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | — |
Intangible liabilities acquired | — |  |  | (23,900) |
Effect of change in exchange rates | — |  |  | — |
Ending balance, intangible liabilities, gross | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | (23,900) |
On January 5, 2018, we completed our acquisition of SSNI by purchasing 100% of the voting stock. Acquired intangible assets include in-process research and development (IPR&D), which is not amortized until such time as the associated development projects are completed. Of these projects, $3.1 million were completed during the first half of 2019 and are included in core-developed technology. Assumed intangible liabilities reflect the present value of the projected cash outflows for an existing contract where remaining costs are expected to exceed projected revenues. Estimated future annual amortization (accretion) is as follows:
Year Ending December 31, | Amortization |  | Accretion |  | Estimated Annual Amortization, net
In thousands |  |  |  |  |
2020 | $ | 53,028 |  |  | $ | (8,028) |  |  | $ | 45,000 |
2021 | 37,705 |  |  | (1,963) |  |  | 35,742 |
2022 | 27,346 |  |  | (459) |  |  | 26,887 |
2023 | 19,785 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,785 |
2024 | 15,612 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,612 |
Thereafter | 31,621 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 31,621 |
Total intangible assets subject to amortization | $ | 185,097 |  |  | $ | (10,450) |  |  | $ | 174,647 |
Amortization Expense | Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  |
In thousands | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Amortization expense | $ | 64,286 |  |  | $ | 71,713 |  |  | $ | 20,785 |
We have recognized amortization expense within operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These expenses relate to intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of business combinations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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