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Intangible Assets and Liabilities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets and Liabilities | Intangible Assets and Liabilities The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization (accretion) of our intangible assets and liabilities, other than goodwill, were as follows:
| December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
In thousands | Gross Assets |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion |  | Net |  | Gross Assets |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion |  | Net
Intangible Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core-developed technology | $ | 525,051 |  |  | $ | (498,113) |  |  | $ | 26,938 |  |  | $ | 507,669 |  |  | $ | (458,109) |  |  | $ | 49,560 |
Customer contracts and relationships | 383,245 |  |  | (280,497) |  |  | 102,748 |  |  | 381,288 |  |  | (251,509) |  |  | 129,779 |
Trademarks and trade names | 79,716 |  |  | (76,912) |  |  | 2,804 |  |  | 78,837 |  |  | (73,732) |  |  | 5,105 |
Other | 12,025 |  |  | (11,560) |  |  | 465 |  |  | 12,020 |  |  | (11,367) |  |  | 653 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 1,000,037 |  |  | $ | (867,082) |  |  | $ | 132,955 |  |  | $ | 979,814 |  |  | $ | (794,717) |  |  | $ | 185,097 |
Intangible Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer contracts and relationships | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | 21,479 |  |  | $ | (2,421) |  |  | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | 13,450 |  |  | $ | (10,450) |
A summary of intangible assets and liabilities activity is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
In thousands | 2020 |  | 2019
Intangible assets, gross beginning balance | $ | 979,814 |  |  | $ | 981,160 |
Intangibles disposed in sale of business | (18,140) |  |  | — |
Effect of change in exchange rates | 38,363 |  |  | (1,346) |
Intangible assets, gross ending balance | $ | 1,000,037 |  |  | $ | 979,814 |
Intangible liabilities, gross beginning balance | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | (23,900) |
Effect of change in exchange rates | — |  |  | — |
Intangible liabilities, gross ending balance | $ | (23,900) |  |  | $ | (23,900) |
Assumed intangible liabilities reflect the present value of the projected cash outflows for an existing contract where remaining costs are expected to exceed projected revenues. The disposal of intangible assets was related to the sale of our Latin America business. The net book value of these assets was $0.8 million at the disposal date. Refer to Note 18: Sale of Business for additional information on the transaction. Estimated future annual amortization (accretion) is as follows:
Year Ending December 31, | Amortization |  | Accretion |  | Estimated Annual Amortization, net
In thousands |
2021 | $ | 38,033 |  |  | $ | (1,962) |  |  | $ | 36,071 |
2022 | 27,599 |  |  | (459) |  |  | 27,140 |
2023 | 19,955 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,955 |
2024 | 15,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,746 |
2025 | 14,742 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,742 |
Thereafter | 16,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,880 |
Total intangible assets subject to amortization (accretion) | $ | 132,955 |  |  | $ | (2,421) |  |  | $ | 130,534 |
Amortization Expense | Year Ended December 31,
In thousands | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization expense | $ | 44,711 |  |  | $ | 64,286 |  |  | $ | 71,713 |
We have recognized amortization expense within operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These expenses relate to intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of business combinations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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