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Defined Benefit Pension Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Defined Benefit Pension Plans We sponsor both funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans offering death and disability, retirement, and special termination benefits for certain of our international employees, primarily in Germany, France, India, and Indonesia. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by using the projected unit credit method. The measurement date for the pension plans was December 31, 2023. The following tables set forth the components of the changes in benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets:
| Year Ended December 31,
In thousands | 2023 |  | 2022
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |
Benefit obligation at January 1, | $ | 69,739 |  |  | $ | 112,073 |
Service cost | 2,450 |  |  | 2,908 |
Interest cost | 2,861 |  |  | 1,676 |
Actuarial gain (loss) | 1,682 |  |  | (23,682) |
Benefits paid | (2,950) |  |  | (2,753) |
Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 2,819 |  |  | (7,162) |
Curtailment | (114) |  |  | (225) |
Settlement | (217) |  |  | (1,499) |
Release for divestiture | — |  |  | (11,081) |
Other | — |  |  | (516) |
Benefit obligation at December 31, | $ | 76,270 |  |  | $ | 69,739 |
Change in plan assets: |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at January 1, | $ | 8,662 |  |  | $ | 9,609 |
Actual return on plan assets | 724 |  |  | (4) |
Company contributions | 254 |  |  | 217 |
Benefits paid | (283) |  |  | (278) |
Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 401 |  |  | (655) |
Settlement | — |  |  | (227) |
Other | (918) |  |  | — |
Fair value of plan assets at December 31, | 8,840 |  |  | 8,662 |
Net pension benefit obligation at fair value | $ | 67,430 |  |  | $ | 61,077 |
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:
| December 31,
In thousands | 2023 |  | 2022
Assets |  |  |
Plan assets in other long-term assets | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 162 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current portion of pension benefit obligation in wages and benefits payable | $ | 3,623 |  |  | $ | 3,400 |
Long-term portion of pension benefit obligation | 63,887 |  |  | 57,839 |
Pension benefit obligation, net | $ | 67,430 |  |  | $ | 61,077 |
Amounts recognized in OCI (pre-tax) are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
In thousands | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net actuarial (gain) loss | $ | 1,568 |  |  | $ | (24,316) |  |  | $ | (14,565) |
Settlement | 7 |  |  | (166) |  |  | 2 |
Curtailment | 114 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 557 |
Plan asset (gain) loss | (369) |  |  | 316 |  |  | 38 |
Amortization of net actuarial gain (loss) | 65 |  |  | (1,490) |  |  | (2,183) |
Amortization of prior service cost | (57) |  |  | (70) |  |  | (71) |
Other | 918 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 101 |
Other comprehensive (income) loss | $ | 2,246 |  |  | $ | (25,225) |  |  | $ | (16,121) |
If actuarial gains and losses exceed 10 percent of the greater of plan assets or plan liabilities, we amortize them over the employees' average future service period. The estimated net actuarial gain and prior service cost that will be amortized from AOCI into net periodic benefit cost during 2024 is $0.2 million. Net periodic pension benefit cost for our plans include the following components:
| Year Ended December 31,
In thousands | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Service cost | $ | 2,450 |  |  | $ | 2,908 |  |  | $ | 4,479 |
Interest cost | 2,861 |  |  | 1,676 |  |  | 1,383 |
Expected return on plan assets | (355) |  |  | (312) |  |  | (346) |
Amortization of prior service costs | 57 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 71 |
Amortization of actuarial net (gain) loss | (65) |  |  | 1,490 |  |  | 2,183 |
Settlement | (7) |  |  | 166 |  |  | (2) |
Curtailment | (114) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (557) |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 4,827 |  |  | $ | 5,978 |  |  | $ | 7,211 |
The components of net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in total other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The significant actuarial weighted average assumptions used in determining the benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for our benefit plans are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at end of period: |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate | 3.74 | % |  | 4.14 | % |  | 1.66 | %
Expected annual rate of compensation increase | 4.41 | % |  | 4.26 | % |  | 3.88 | %
Actuarial assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the period: |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate | 4.14 | % |  | 1.93 | % |  | 1.10 | %
Expected rate of return on plan assets | 3.99 | % |  | 3.45 | % |  | 3.45 | %
Expected annual rate of compensation increase | 4.26 | % |  | 3.88 | % |  | 3.68 | %
We determine a discount rate for our plans based on the estimated duration of each plan's liabilities. For euro denominated defined benefit pension plans, which represent 84% of our projected benefit obligation, we use discount rates with consideration of the duration of each of the plans, using a hypothetical yield curve developed from euro-denominated AA-rated corporate bond issues. These bonds are assigned different weights to adjust their relative influence on the yield curve, and the highest and lowest yielding 10% of bonds are excluded within each maturity group. The discount rate used was 3.25%. Our expected rate of return on plan assets is derived from a study of actual historic returns achieved and anticipated future long-term performance of plan assets, specific to plan investment asset category. While the study primarily gives consideration to recent insurers' performance and historical returns, the assumption represents a long-term prospective return. The total accumulated benefit obligation for our defined benefit pension plans was $68.8 million and $63.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The total obligations and fair value of plan assets for plans with projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations exceeding the fair value of plan assets are as follows:
In thousands | December 31,
2023 |  | 2022
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 75,182 |  |  | $ | 68,799 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 68,022 |  |  | 62,503 |
Fair value of plan assets | 7,672 |  |  | 7,560 |
Our asset investment strategy focuses on maintaining a portfolio using primarily insurance funds, which are accounted for as investments and measured at fair value, in order to achieve our long-term investment objectives on a risk adjusted basis. Our general funding policy for these qualified pension plans is to contribute amounts sufficient to satisfy regulatory funding standards of the respective countries for each plan. The fair values of our plan investments by asset category are as follows:
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
In thousands | December 31, 2023
Cash | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Insurance funds | 8,840 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,840 |
Total fair value of plan assets | $ | 8,840 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,840 |
In thousands | December 31, 2022
Cash | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | — |
Insurance funds | 7,805 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,805 |
Total fair value of plan assets | $ | 8,662 |  |  | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | 7,805 |
The following tables present a reconciliation of Level 3 assets held during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
In thousands | Balance at January 1, 2023 |  | Net Realized and Unrealized Gains |  | Net Purchases, Issuances, Settlements, and Other |  |  |  | Effect of Foreign Currency |  | Balance at December 31, 2023
Insurance funds | $ | 7,805 |  |  | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | (67) |  |  |  |  | $ | 375 |  |  | $ | 8,840 |
In thousands | Balance at January 1, 2022 |  | Net Realized and Unrealized Gains/(Loss) |  | Net Purchases, Issuances, Settlements, and Other |  |  |  | Effect of Foreign Currency |  | Balance at December 31, 2022
Insurance funds | $ | 8,534 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (165) |  |  |  |  | $ | (550) |  |  | $ | 7,805 |
As the plan assets and contributions are not significant to our total company assets, no further disclosures are considered material. Annual benefit payments for the next 10 years, including amounts to be paid from our assets for unfunded plans and reflecting expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows:
Year Ending December 31, |  | Estimated Annual Benefit Payments
In thousands |  |
2024 |  | $ | 4,088 |
2025 |  | 4,203 |
2026 |  | 4,191 |
2027 |  | 4,656 |
2028 |  | 4,753 |
2029-2033 |  | 28,547 |

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