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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes and income taxes in numerous U.S. states. In addition, the Company is subject to income tax in the U.K. and Brazil relative to its foreign subsidiaries. The Company's effective income tax rate of 36.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was more than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0%, due primarily to the taxes provided for in U.S. state jurisdictions, valuation allowances provided for net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in certain U.S. states and in Brazil and unrecognized tax benefits with respect to uncertain tax positions, partially offset by income generated in the U.K., which is taxed at a lower statutory rate. The Company's effective income tax rate of 35.7% of pretax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was more than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0%, as taxes provided for in the U.S. state jurisdictions and valuation allowances provided for net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in certain U.S. states and in Brazil and unrecognized tax benefits with respect to uncertain tax positions, were substantially offset by (a) income generated in the U.K., which is taxed at a lower statutory rate, (b) the tax impact of dealership dispositions in Brazil, and (c) excess tax deductions for restricted stock resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company's effective tax rate increased to 36.6% and 35.7%, respectively, as compared to 36.5% and 35.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. This increase was primarily due to the mix effect resulting from taxes provided for in foreign jurisdictions, changes to valuation allowances provided for net operating losses and other deferred tax assets in certain U.S. states and in Brazil and unrecognized tax benefits with respect to uncertain tax positions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, partially offset by excess tax deductions for restricted stock resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as well as the tax impact of dealership dispositions in Brazil during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
As of September 30, 2017, the Company recorded $1.2 million unrecognized tax benefits, including $0.2 million of related interest and penalty. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits with respect to uncertain tax positions and did not incur any interest and penalties. Consistent with prior treatment of tax related assessments, the Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
The Company's taxable years 2013 and subsequent remain open for examination in the U.S. The Company's taxable years 2015 and subsequent remain open in the U.K. and taxable years 2012 and subsequent remain open in Brazil.