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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income/(Loss) before Income Taxes by Geographic Area | Income (loss) before income taxes by geographic area was as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Domestic |  | $ | 192,105 |  |  | $ | 206,579 |  |  | $ | 222,178 |
Foreign |  | 13,298 |  |  | 12,424 |  |  | 5,193 |
Total income before income taxes |  | $ | 205,403 |  |  | $ | 219,003 |  |  | $ | 227,371 |
Federal, State and Foreign Income Tax Provisions/(Benefits) | Federal, state and foreign income tax provisions (benefits) were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Federal: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 35,923 |  |  | $ | 44,921 |  |  | $ | 57,321 |
Deferred |  | 2,600 |  |  | (46,938 | ) |  | 18,704 |
State: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | 4,327 |  |  | 3,774 |  |  | 4,636 |
Deferred |  | 884 |  |  | 3,921 |  |  | 1,878 |
Foreign: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | 3,907 |  |  | 2,929 |  |  | 4,187 |
Deferred |  | (10 | ) |  | (3,046 | ) |  | (6,420 | )
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 47,631 |  |  | $ | 5,561 |  |  | $ | 80,306 |
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense due to the U.S. Federal Statutory Corporate Tax Rate | Actual income tax expense differed from income tax expense computed by applying the applicable U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21.0% in 2018 and of 35.0% in 2017 and 2016 to income before income taxes, as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate |  | $ | 43,135 |  |  | $ | 76,651 |  |  | $ | 79,580 |
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |
State income tax, net of benefit for federal deduction |  | 3,639 |  |  | 4,472 |  |  | 4,230 |
Foreign income tax rate differential |  | (259 | ) |  | (2,443 | ) |  | (2,799 | )
Employment credits |  | (1,327 | ) |  | (862 | ) |  | (821 | )
Changes in valuation allowances |  | 3,442 |  |  | 629 |  |  | 749 |
Non-deductible goodwill |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act - Enactment date effect |  | (575 | ) |  | (73,028 | ) |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  | (74 | ) |  | (136 | ) |  | 368 |
Other |  | (350 | ) |  | 278 |  |  | (1,035 | )
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 47,631 |  |  | $ | 5,561 |  |  | $ | 80,306 |
Tax Effects of Temporary Differences Representing Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities | The tax effects of these temporary differences representing deferred tax assets/liabilities resulted principally from the following (in thousands):
|  | December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |
Loss reserves and accruals |  | $ | 41,779 |  |  | $ | 44,004 |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 259 |
Goodwill and intangible franchise rights |  | 44 |  |  | 2,770 |
U.S. state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards |  | 17,894 |  |  | 17,430 |
Depreciation expense |  | 433 |  |  | — |
Foreign NOL carryforwards |  | 37,587 |  |  | 40,582 |
Other |  | 84 |  |  | 379 |
Deferred tax assets |  | 97,821 |  |  | 105,424 |
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets |  | (52,257 | ) |  | (54,415 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 45,564 |  |  | $ | 51,009 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |
Goodwill and intangible franchise rights |  | $ | (123,659 | ) |  | $ | (118,447 | )
Depreciation expense |  | (50,172 | ) |  | (50,166 | )
Deferred gain on bond redemption |  | — |  |  | (327 | )
Interest rate swaps |  | (2,788 | ) |  | — |
Other |  | (72 | ) |  | (1,820 | )
Deferred tax liabilities |  | (176,691 | ) |  | (170,760 | )
Net deferred tax liability |  | $ | (131,127 | ) |  | $ | (119,751 | )
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
| 2018
BALANCE at January 1 | $ | 1,151 |
Additions for current tax | 562 |
Additions based on tax positions in prior years | — |
Reductions for tax positions | — |
Settlements with tax authorities | — |
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations | (115 | )
BALANCE, December 31 | $ | 1,598 |

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