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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income/(Loss) before Income Taxes by Geographic Area

Income (loss) before income taxes by geographic area was as follows (in thousands):

		Years Ended December 31,
		2018				2017				2016
Domestic		$	192,105			$	206,579			$	222,178
Foreign		13,298				12,424				5,193
Total income before income taxes		$	205,403			$	219,003			$	227,371

Federal, State and Foreign Income Tax Provisions/(Benefits)

Federal, state and foreign income tax provisions (benefits) were as follows (in thousands):

		Years Ended December 31,
		2018				2017				2016
Federal:
Current		$	35,923			$	44,921			$	57,321
Deferred		2,600				(46,938		)		18,704
State:
Current		4,327				3,774				4,636
Deferred		884				3,921				1,878
Foreign:
Current		3,907				2,929				4,187
Deferred		(10		)		(3,046		)		(6,420		)
Provision for income taxes		$	47,631			$	5,561			$	80,306

Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense due to the U.S. Federal Statutory Corporate Tax Rate

Actual income tax expense differed from income tax expense computed by applying the applicable U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21.0% in 2018 and of 35.0% in 2017 and 2016 to income before income taxes, as follows (in thousands):

		Years Ended December 31,
		2018				2017				2016
Provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate		$	43,135			$	76,651			$	79,580
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State income tax, net of benefit for federal deduction		3,639				4,472				4,230
Foreign income tax rate differential		(259		)		(2,443		)		(2,799		)
Employment credits		(1,327		)		(862		)		(821		)
Changes in valuation allowances		3,442				629				749
Non-deductible goodwill		—				—				34
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act - Enactment date effect		(575		)		(73,028		)		—
Stock-based compensation		(74		)		(136		)		368
Other		(350		)		278				(1,035		)
Provision for income taxes		$	47,631			$	5,561			$	80,306

Tax Effects of Temporary Differences Representing Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities

The tax effects of these temporary differences representing deferred tax assets/liabilities resulted principally from the following (in thousands):

		December 31,
		2018				2017
Deferred tax assets:
Loss reserves and accruals		$	41,779			$	44,004
Interest rate swaps		—				259
Goodwill and intangible franchise rights		44				2,770
U.S. state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards		17,894				17,430
Depreciation expense		433				—
Foreign NOL carryforwards		37,587				40,582
Other		84				379
Deferred tax assets		97,821				105,424
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		(52,257		)		(54,415		)
Net deferred tax assets		$	45,564			$	51,009
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and intangible franchise rights		$	(123,659	)		$	(118,447	)
Depreciation expense		(50,172		)		(50,166		)
Deferred gain on bond redemption		—				(327		)
Interest rate swaps		(2,788		)		—
Other		(72		)		(1,820		)
Deferred tax liabilities		(176,691		)		(170,760		)
Net deferred tax liability		$	(131,127	)		$	(119,751	)

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

	2018
BALANCE at January 1	$	1,151
Additions for current tax	562
Additions based on tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions for tax positions	—
Settlements with tax authorities	—
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations	(115		)
BALANCE, December 31	$	1,598

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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