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Financial Instruments
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments
20. Financial Instruments
Fair value is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There is a hierarchy of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
Level 1Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities
A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Transfers of financial instruments between levels within the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the date management determines that the underlying circumstances or assumptions have changed.
Available-for-sale securities – the Company's available-for-sale securities are considered to be Level 2 securities. The Level 2 securities consist primarily of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, mortgage-backed securities plus state and political subdivisions. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.
The Company reviews the prices supplied by the independent pricing service, as well as their underlying pricing methodologies, for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with traditional pricing matrices. In general, the Company does not purchase investment portfolio securities with complicated structures. Pricing for the Company’s investment securities is fairly generic and is easily obtained. The Company uses a third-party comparison pricing vendor in order to reflect consistency in the fair values of the investment securities sampled by the Company each quarter.
Held-to-maturity securities – the Company's held-to-maturity securities are considered to be Level 2 securities. The Level 2 securities consist primarily of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, mortgage-backed securities plus state and political subdivisions. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.
Impaired loans – Impaired loans include loans individually analyzed for credit losses for which a specific reserve has been recorded, non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and restructured loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Impaired loans are carried at the net realizable value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A portion of the allowance for credit losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance. If these allocations cause the allowance for credit losses to require an increase, such increase is reported as a component of the provision for credit losses. The fair value of loans with specific allocated losses was $8.6 million and $10.5 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. This valuation is considered Level 3, consisting of appraisals of underlying collateral. The Company reversed $172,000 and $420,000 of accrued interest receivable when impaired loans were put on non-accrual status during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company reversed $486,000 and $656,000 of accrued interest receivable when impaired loans were put on non-accrual status during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Foreclosed assets held for sale – Foreclosed assets held for sale are held by the Company at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At foreclosure, if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the real estate acquired is less than the Company’s recorded investment in the related loan, a write-down is recognized through a charge to the allowance for credit losses. Additionally, valuations are periodically performed by management and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income. The fair value of foreclosed assets held for sale is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on appraisals of underlying collateral. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of foreclosed assets held for sale, less estimated costs to sell, was $41.3 million and $30.5 million, respectively.
No foreclosed assets held for sale were remeasured during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Regulatory guidelines require the Company to reevaluate the fair value of foreclosed assets held for sale on at least an annual basis. The Company’s policy is to comply with the regulatory guidelines.
The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent impaired loans and foreclosed assets primarily relate to customized discounting criteria applied to the customer’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the underlying collateral. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to monetize the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, less marketable collateral would receive a larger discount.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
June 30, 2024
Carrying
Amount		Fair ValueLevel
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,058,716 $1,058,716 1
Investment securities - available for sale3,344,539 3,344,539 2
Investment securities - held-to-maturity 1,278,853 1,159,160 2
Loans receivable, net of impaired loans and allowance14,393,901 14,334,637 3
Accrued interest receivable120,984 120,984 1
FHLB, FRB & FNBB Bank stock; other equity investments
227,067 227,067 3
Marketable equity securities50,147 50,147 1
Financial liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand and non-interest bearing$4,068,302 $4,068,302 1
Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts11,150,516 11,150,516 1
Time deposits1,736,985 1,718,037 3
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase137,996 137,996 1
FHLB and other borrowed funds1,301,050 1,281,175 2
Accrued interest payable35,559 35,559 1
Subordinated debentures439,542 379,572 3
December 31, 2023
Carrying
Amount		Fair ValueLevel
(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,000,213 $1,000,213 1
Federal funds sold5,100 5,100 1
Investment securities - available for sale3,507,841 3,507,841 2
Investment securities - held-to-maturity
1,281,982 1,170,481 2
Loans receivable, net of impaired loans and allowance14,048,002 14,071,775 3
Accrued interest receivable118,966 118,966 1
FHLB, FRB & FNBB Bank stock; other equity investments
223,748 223,748 3
Marketable equity securities49,419 49,419 1
Financial liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand and non-interest bearing$4,085,501 $4,085,501 1
Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts11,050,347 11,050,347 1
Time deposits1,651,863 1,633,091 3
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase142,085 142,085 1
FHLB and other borrowed funds1,301,300 1,291,926 2
Accrued interest payable19,124 19,124 1
Subordinated debentures439,834 358,682 3