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Allowance for Credit Losses, Credit Quality and Other (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Balance of Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
			Construction/ Land Development						Other Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial & Industrial						Consumer & Other						Total
			(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance			$	58,673					$	86,842					$	51,354					$	69,635					$	29,352					$	295,856
Loans charged off			—						—						(42)						(741)						(1,218)						(2,001)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off			7						34						54						143						281						519
Net loans recovered (charged off)			7						34						12						(598)						(937)						(1,482)
Provision for credit losses			4,718						9,799						8,059						(8,434)						4,058						18,200
Balance, September 30			$	63,398					$	96,675					$	59,425					$	60,603					$	32,473					$	312,574

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
			Construction/ Land Development						Other Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial & Industrial						Consumer & Other						Total
			(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance			$	33,877					$	78,635					$	55,860					$	92,810					$	27,052					$	288,234
Loans charged off			(81)						(1,164)						(260)						(4,500)						(3,072)						(9,077)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off			96						59						149						503						910						1,717
Net loans recovered (charged off)			15						(1,105)						(111)						(3,997)						(2,162)						(7,360)
Provision for credit losses			29,506						19,145						3,676						(28,210)						7,583						31,700
Balance, September 30			$	63,398					$	96,675					$	59,425					$	60,603					$	32,473					$	312,574

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company implemented updated allowance for credit loss models as part of the annual model review and challenge process. In light of the current commercial real estate ("CRE") environment, the allowance calculation called for a higher level of reserves for the CRE portfolio and a corresponding reduction in reserves for the commercial and industrial portfolio.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2023:

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Construction/ Land Development						Other Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial & Industrial						Consumer & Other						Total
			(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance			$	32,275					$	85,158					$	51,732					$	90,474					$	26,044					$	285,683
Loans charged off			(150)						(1,950)						(103)						(183)						(1,063)						(3,449)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off			33						25						22						119						329						528
Net loans recovered (charged off)			(117)						(1,925)						(81)						(64)						(734)						(2,921)
Provision for credit losses			484						(4,680)						3,233						2,059						1,704						2,800
Balance, September 30			$	32,642					$	78,553					$	54,884					$	92,469					$	27,014					$	285,562

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and Year Ended December 31, 2023
			Construction/ Land Development						Other Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Commercial & Industrial						Consumer & Other						Total
			(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance			$	32,243					$	93,848					$	50,963					$	89,354					$	23,261					$	289,669
Loans charged off			(175)						(2,023)						(192)						(7,015)						(3,058)						(12,463)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off			103						517						161						375						900						2,056
Net loans (charged off) recovered			(72)						(1,506)						(31)						(6,640)						(2,158)						(10,407)
Provision for credit loss - loans			471						(13,789)						3,952						9,755						5,911						6,300
Balance, September 30			32,642						78,553						54,884						92,469						27,014						285,562
Loans charged off			(88)						(312)						(77)						(2,142)						(973)						(3,592)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off			10						16						168						208						212						614
Net loans (charged off) recovered			(78)						(296)						91						(1,934)						(761)						(2,978)
Provision for credit loss - loans			1,313						378						885						2,275						799						5,650
Balance, December 31			$	33,877					$	78,635					$	55,860					$	92,810					$	27,052					$	288,234

Amortized Cost Basis of Loans on Nonaccrual Status and Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

			September 30, 2024
			Nonaccrual						Nonaccrual with Reserve						Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	48,086					$	42,025					$	709
Construction/land development			5,403						—						657
Agricultural			737						—						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			23,905						—						1,495
Multifamily residential			592						—						—
Total real estate			78,723						42,025						2,861
Consumer			7,501						2,340						28
Commercial and industrial			8,511						2,162						2,405
Agricultural & other			1,012						—						62
Total			$	95,747					$	46,527					$	5,356

			December 31, 2023
			Nonaccrual						Nonaccrual with Reserve						Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	13,178					$	—					$	2,177
Construction/land development			12,094						—						255
Agricultural			431						—						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			20,351						—						84
Total real estate			46,054						—						2,516
Consumer			3,423						—						79
Commercial and industrial			9,982						2,534						1,535
Agricultural & other			512						—						—
Total			$	59,971					$	2,534					$	4,130

Amortized Cost Basis of Collateral-dependent Impaired Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of impaired loans (which includes loans individually analyzed for credit losses for which a specific reserve has been recorded, non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and restructured loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty) by class of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

			September 30, 2024
			Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Other
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	54,382					$	—					$	—
Construction/land development			6,060						—						—
Agricultural			737						—						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			—						26,695						—
Multifamily residential			—						21,494						—
Total real estate			61,179						48,189						—
Consumer			—						—						10,527
Commercial and industrial			—						—						13,157
Agricultural & other			—						—						1,074
Total			$	61,179					$	48,189					$	24,758

			December 31, 2023
			Commercial Real Estate						Residential Real Estate						Other
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	39,813					$	—					$	—
Construction/land development			12,350						—						—
Agricultural			431						—						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			—						21,386						—
Multifamily residential			—						—						—
Total real estate			52,594						21,386						—
Consumer			—						—						3,511
Commercial and industrial			—						—						16,890
Agricultural & other			—						—						512
Total			$	52,594					$	21,386					$	20,913

Summary of Aging Analysis for Loans Receivable

The following is an aging analysis for loans receivable as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

			September 30, 2024
			Loans Past Due 30-59 Days						Loans Past Due 60-89 Days						Loans Past Due 90 Days or More						Total Past Due						Current Loans						Total Loans Receivable						Accruing Loans Past Due 90 Days or More
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	4,391					$	837					$	48,795					$	54,023					$	5,442,513					$	5,496,536					$	709
Construction/land development			778						221						6,060						7,059						2,734,360						2,741,419						657
Agricultural			177						198						737						1,112						334,853						335,965						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			2,329						6,698						25,400						34,427						1,897,925						1,932,352						1,495
Multifamily residential			20,902						—						592						21,494						461,154						482,648						—
Total real estate			28,577						7,954						81,584						118,115						10,870,805						10,988,920						2,861
Consumer			2,928						155						7,529						10,612						1,208,585						1,219,197						28
Commercial and industrial			1,071						567						10,916						12,554						2,072,113						2,084,667						2,405
Agricultural & other			1,120						91						1,074						2,285						528,910						531,195						62
Total			$	33,696					$	8,767					$	101,103					$	143,566					$	14,680,413					$	14,823,979					$	5,356

			December 31, 2023
			Loans Past Due 30-59 Days						Loans Past Due 60-89 Days						Loans Past Due 90 Days or More						Total Past Due						Current Loans						Total Loans Receivable						Accruing Loans Past Due 90 Days or More
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	8,124					$	416					$	15,355					$	23,895					$	5,526,059					$	5,549,954					$	2,177
Construction/land development			1,430						—						12,349						13,779						2,279,268						2,293,047						255
Agricultural			474						314						431						1,219						323,937						325,156						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			4,346						1,423						20,435						26,204						1,818,056						1,844,260						84
Multifamily residential			—						—						—						—						435,736						435,736						—
Total real estate			14,374						2,153						48,570						65,097						10,383,056						10,448,153						2,516
Consumer			1,022						303						3,502						4,827						1,148,863						1,153,690						79
Commercial and industrial			2,089						3,378						11,517						16,984						2,308,007						2,324,991						1,535
Agricultural and other			1,074						113						512						1,699						496,195						497,894						—
Total			$	18,559					$	5,947					$	64,101					$	88,607					$	14,336,121					$	14,424,728					$	4,130

Presentation of Classified Loans by Class and Risk Rating

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is as follows:

			September 30, 2024
			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	331					$	74					$	405
Risk rating 2			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 3			163,941						312,252						601,970						562,043						230,931						1,021,405						256,875						3,149,417
Risk rating 4			54,483						169,205						457,070						268,482						145,758						665,513						322,795						2,083,306
Risk rating 5			27						—						1,265						—						960						26,353						383						28,988
Risk rating 6			—						—						8,155						5,720						23,967						196,483						95						234,420
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total non-farm/non-residential			218,451						481,457						1,068,460						836,245						401,616						1,910,085						580,222						5,496,536
Construction/land development
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	10					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	10
Risk rating 2			—						136						—						—						—						165						37						338
Risk rating 3			535,815						411,289						424,306						84,734						41,633						62,671						65,049						1,625,497
Risk rating 4			131,982						189,494						466,044						79,663						9,720						24,720						205,071						1,106,694
Risk rating 5			—						623						1,431						—						—						—						—						2,054
Risk rating 6			—						73						2,559						1,909						299						933						981						6,754
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						72						—						—						—						72
Total construction/land development			667,797						601,615						894,340						166,388						51,652						88,489						271,138						2,741,419
Agricultural
Risk rating 1			$	700					$	—					$	1,462					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	2,162
Risk rating 2			278						241						—						1,853						—						—						—						2,372
Risk rating 3			35,210						34,159						32,111						15,598						21,231						44,924						31,107						214,340
Risk rating 4			13,118						10,178						27,185						19,868						10,503						26,221						5,214						112,287
Risk rating 5			—						—						—						—						—						571						—						571
Risk rating 6			—						—						—						1,621						1,084						1,335						193						4,233
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total agricultural			49,306						44,578						60,758						38,940						32,818						73,051						36,514						335,965
Total commercial real estate loans			$	935,554					$	1,127,650					$	2,023,558					$	1,041,573					$	486,086					$	2,071,625					$	887,874					$	8,573,920
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	92					$	2					$	94
Risk rating 2			—						230						—						—						—						11						5						246
Risk rating 3			181,112						232,086						368,096						232,800						131,378						361,150						114,114						1,620,736
Risk rating 4			6,592						22,038						44,936						24,590						20,640						72,339						82,201						273,336
Risk rating 5			—						1,015						601						293						397						1,073						778						4,157
Risk rating 6			—						1,533						8,904						3,568						4,276						14,977						523						33,781
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						2						—						2
Total residential 1-4 family			187,704						256,902						422,537						261,251						156,691						449,644						197,623						1,932,352

			September 30, 2024
			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Multifamily residential
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Risk rating 2			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 3			1,876						11,133						34,052						36,223						52,758						76,818						11,449						224,309
Risk rating 4			—						689						130,725						10,228						59,023						20,830						14,970						236,465
Risk rating 5			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 6			—						—						21,052						592						—						230						—						21,874
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total multifamily residential			1,876						11,822						185,829						47,043						111,781						97,878						26,419						482,648
Total real estate			$	1,125,134					$	1,396,374					$	2,631,924					$	1,349,867					$	754,558					$	2,619,147					$	1,111,916					$	10,988,920
Consumer
Risk rating 1			$	4,480					$	2,582					$	1,667					$	1,291					$	642					$	1,064					$	1,506					$	13,232
Risk rating 2			—						—						—						—						—						150						—						150
Risk rating 3			210,168						213,187						217,177						181,131						90,901						252,855						1,124						1,166,543
Risk rating 4			4,342						4,633						5,151						1,381						166						5,688						184						21,545
Risk rating 5			—						433						—						214						156						83						—						886
Risk rating 6			71						5,287						4,533						343						583						5,944						65						16,826
Risk rating 7			—						9						—						—						—						—						—						9
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						6						—						—						—						6
Total consumer			219,061						226,131						228,528						184,366						92,448						265,784						2,879						1,219,197
Commercial and industrial
Risk rating 1			$	3,402					$	1,207					$	793					$	651					$	219					$	21,338					$	10,740					$	38,350
Risk rating 2			48						132						1,074						185						5						19						2,142						3,605
Risk rating 3			72,780						511,791						239,265						62,304						42,767						210,038						205,363						1,344,308
Risk rating 4			57,244						34,109						29,322						29,917						8,695						66,115						308,873						534,275
Risk rating 5			—						86						485						4,526						33						—						1,305						6,435
Risk rating 6			38						12,082						68,479						13,365						34						13,526						50,159						157,683
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						1						—						—						1						9						—						11
Total commercial and industrial			133,512						559,408						339,418						110,948						51,754						311,045						578,582						2,084,667
Agricultural and other
Risk rating 1			$	643					$	378					$	222					$	16					$	105					$	—					$	782					$	2,146
Risk rating 2			537						304						28						—						—						—						2,447						3,316
Risk rating 3			45,944						51,932						39,142						27,332						24,600						32,955						106,271						328,176
Risk rating 4			30,475						4,469						8,446						6,964						388						15,305						127,762						193,809
Risk rating 5			1,915						—						312						—						61						543						5						2,836
Risk rating 6			—						4						—						46						59						683						120						912
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total agricultural and other			79,514						57,087						48,150						34,358						25,213						49,486						237,387						531,195
Total			$	1,557,221					$	2,239,000					$	3,248,020					$	1,679,539					$	923,973					$	3,245,462					$	1,930,764					$	14,823,979

			December 31, 2023
			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	232					$	116					$	55					$	403
Risk rating 2			—						—						—						—						111						—						—						111
Risk rating 3			305,742						584,860						568,413						243,177						216,746						934,111						440,414						3,293,463
Risk rating 4			83,089						557,540						242,217						224,378						149,258						590,864						95,360						1,942,706
Risk rating 5			—						—						10,000						—						14,095						42,694						758						67,547
Risk rating 6			—						8,198						9,958						23,743						24,380						179,350						95						245,724
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total non-farm/non-residential			388,831						1,150,598						830,588						491,298						404,822						1,747,135						536,682						5,549,954
Construction/land development
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	10					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	10
Risk rating 2			759						—						—						—						—						186						—						945
Risk rating 3			300,941						499,984						130,342						62,134						22,656						56,180						44,603						1,116,840
Risk rating 4			198,874						417,244						252,602						22,713						32,342						24,527						209,063						1,157,365
Risk rating 5			641						1,163						—						3,306						218						69						—						5,397
Risk rating 6			—						7,817						1,631						748						641						254						1,327						12,418
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						72						—						—						—						—						72
Total construction/land development			501,215						926,208						384,657						88,901						55,857						81,216						254,993						2,293,047
Agricultural
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	1,605					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	1,605
Risk rating 2			247						—						1,936						—						—						—						—						2,183
Risk rating 3			30,252						43,291						22,919						25,992						10,678						43,284						20,104						196,520
Risk rating 4			9,477						24,688						20,358						19,532						7,873						32,692						4,612						119,232
Risk rating 5			—						—						—						—						314						571						—						885
Risk rating 6			—						—						1,675						1,084						1,620						352						—						4,731
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total agricultural			39,976						69,584						46,888						46,608						20,485						76,899						24,716						325,156
Total commercial real estate loans			$	930,022					$	2,146,390					$	1,262,133					$	626,807					$	481,164					$	1,905,250					$	816,391					$	8,168,157
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	144					$	2					$	146
Risk rating 2			259						—						—						—						—						20						1						280
Risk rating 3			246,462						366,149						241,985						145,339						93,751						324,569						122,950						1,541,205
Risk rating 4			14,992						37,444						55,406						21,240						13,313						67,084						62,356						271,835
Risk rating 5			—						243						246						479						831						1,343						40						3,182
Risk rating 6			71						5,361						2,926						4,064						3,432						10,567						1,189						27,610
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						2						—						2
Total residential 1-4 family			261,784						409,197						300,563						171,122						111,327						403,729						186,538						1,844,260

			December 31, 2023
			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Multifamily residential
Risk rating 1			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Risk rating 2			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 3			3,314						9,827						37,755						44,407						31,436						53,068						6,537						186,344
Risk rating 4			669						77,185						69,546						64,295						8,116						18,490						7,822						246,123
Risk rating 5			—						—						—						—						—						3,006						—						3,006
Risk rating 6			—						—						—						—						263						—						—						263
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total multifamily residential			3,983						87,012						107,301						108,702						39,815						74,564						14,359						435,736
Total real estate			$	1,195,789					$	2,642,599					$	1,669,997					$	906,631					$	632,306					$	2,383,543					$	1,017,288					$	10,448,153
Consumer
Risk rating 1			$	5,195					$	2,952					$	2,002					$	839					$	355					$	1,114					$	1,580					$	14,037
Risk rating 2			—						—						—						—						126						54						—						180
Risk rating 3			240,897						245,543						211,312						108,009						108,063						191,220						1,264						1,106,308
Risk rating 4			9,597						7,534						2,479						69						109						6,073						214						26,075
Risk rating 5			22						—						22						483						872						261						—						1,660
Risk rating 6			204						1,559						830						581						881						1,349						11						5,415
Risk rating 7			15						—						—						—						—						—						—						15
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total consumer			255,930						257,588						216,645						109,981						110,406						200,071						3,069						1,153,690
Commercial and industrial
Risk rating 1			$	3,757					$	918					$	1,120					$	236					$	121					$	20,835					$	12,644					$	39,631
Risk rating 2			174						1,293						220						12						164						218						963						3,044
Risk rating 3			487,896						272,608						78,507						50,340						77,761						170,610						227,043						1,364,765
Risk rating 4			115,025						34,474						55,812						33,000						27,189						71,854						378,417						715,771
Risk rating 5			21						547						16,318						3,352						201						980						1,767						23,186
Risk rating 6			12,498						75,536						4,942						1,154						9,086						12,180						63,198						178,594
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial and industrial			619,371						385,376						156,919						88,094						114,522						276,677						684,032						2,324,991
Agricultural and other
Risk rating 1			$	408					$	131					$	16					$	105					$	—					$	2					$	563					$	1,225
Risk rating 2			396						28						1						—						1,181						100						693						2,399
Risk rating 3			52,758						45,796						31,378						26,918						3,059						43,984						145,419						349,312
Risk rating 4			14,007						7,663						8,025						955						10,955						3,188						94,186						138,979
Risk rating 5			—						2,286						—						134						—						593						665						3,678
Risk rating 6			71						33						63						108						—						370						1,656						2,301
Risk rating 7			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Risk rating 8			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total agricultural and other			67,640						55,937						39,483						28,220						15,195						48,237						243,182						497,894
Total			$	2,138,730					$	3,341,500					$	2,083,044					$	1,132,926					$	872,429					$	2,908,528					$	1,947,571					$	14,424,728

The following table presents gross write-offs by origination date as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

			September 30, 2024
			Gross Loan Write-Offs by Origination Year
			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Real estate
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	780					$	1					$	383					$	—					$	1,164
Construction/land development			—						—						—						48						33						—						—						81
Agricultural			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			—						1						100						1						26						132						—						260
Total real estate			—						1						100						829						60						515						—						1,505
Consumer			4						86						75						40						109						485						—						799
Commercial and industrial			—						557						89						292						108						199						3,255						4,500
Agricultural & other			2,202			*			71						—						—						—						—						—						2,273
Total			$	2,206					$	715					$	264					$	1,161					$	277					$	1,199					$	3,255					$	9,077

*The 2024 write-off consists entirely of overdrafts.

			December 31, 2023
			Gross Loan Write-Offs by Origination Year
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Real estate
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	1,826					$	502					$	—					$	2,328
Construction/land development			—						2						168						5						—						88						—						263
Agricultural			—						—						—						—						1						6						—						7
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			—						29						28						73						13						126						—						269
Total real estate			—						31						196						78						1,840						722						—						2,867
Consumer			—						51						44						98						63						263						25						544
Commercial and industrial			—						407						1,110						894						911						5,369						466						9,157
Agricultural & other			3,252			**			1						1						2						64						3						164						3,487
Total			$	3,252					$	490					$	1,351					$	1,072					$	2,878					$	6,357					$	655					$	16,055

**The 2023 write-offs consist entirely of overdrafts.

The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. The Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following tables present the amortized cost of performing and nonperforming loans as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

			September 30, 2024
			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential
Performing			$	218,451					$	481,457					$	1,068,305					$	835,292					$	387,389					$	1,871,118					$	580,142					$	5,442,154
Non-performing			—						—						155						953						14,227						38,967						80						54,382
Total non-farm/non-residential			218,451						481,457						1,068,460						836,245						401,616						1,910,085						580,222						5,496,536
Construction/land development
Performing			$	667,797					$	601,542					$	891,810					$	164,990					$	51,470					$	87,594					$	270,156					$	2,735,359
Non-performing			—						73						2,530						1,398						182						895						982						6,060
Total construction/ land development			667,797						601,615						894,340						166,388						51,652						88,489						271,138						2,741,419
Agricultural
Performing			$	49,306					$	44,578					$	60,758					$	38,875					$	32,818					$	72,572					$	36,321					$	335,228
Non-performing			—						—						—						65						—						479						193						737
Total agricultural			49,306						44,578						60,758						38,940						32,818						73,051						36,514						335,965
Total commercial real estate loans			$	935,554					$	1,127,650					$	2,023,558					$	1,041,573					$	486,086					$	2,071,625					$	887,874					$	8,573,920
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family
Performing			$	187,704					$	255,185					$	416,753					$	257,574					$	153,384					$	437,827					$	197,230					$	1,905,657
Non-performing			—						1,717						5,784						3,677						3,307						11,817						393						26,695
Total residential 1-4 family			187,704						256,902						422,537						261,251						156,691						449,644						197,623						1,932,352
Multifamily residential
Performing			$	1,876					$	11,822					$	164,927					$	46,451					$	111,781					$	97,878					$	26,419					$	461,154
Non-performing			—						—						20,902						592						—						—						—						21,494
Total multifamily residential			1,876						11,822						185,829						47,043						111,781						97,878						26,419						482,648
Total real estate			$	1,125,134					$	1,396,374					$	2,631,924					$	1,349,867					$	754,558					$	2,619,147					$	1,111,916					$	10,988,920
Consumer
Performing			$	218,988					$	225,480					$	225,577					$	184,063					$	91,893					$	259,861					$	2,808					$	1,208,670
Non-performing			73						651						2,951						303						555						5,923						71						10,527
Total consumer			219,061						226,131						228,528						184,366						92,448						265,784						2,879						1,219,197
Commercial and industrial
Performing			$	133,512					$	556,469					$	336,274					$	109,586					$	51,740					$	306,000					$	577,929					$	2,071,510
Non-performing			—						2,939						3,144						1,362						14						5,045						653						13,157
Total commercial and industrial			133,512						559,408						339,418						110,948						51,754						311,045						578,582						2,084,667
Agricultural and other
Performing			$	79,514					$	57,083					$	48,150					$	34,312					$	25,209					$	48,579					$	237,274					$	530,121
Non-performing			—						4						—						46						4						907						113						1,074
Total agricultural and other			79,514						57,087						48,150						34,358						25,213						49,486						237,387						531,195
Total			$	1,557,221					$	2,239,000					$	3,248,020					$	1,679,539					$	923,973					$	3,245,462					$	1,930,764					$	14,823,979

			December 31, 2023
			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
			2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior						Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis						Total
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential
Performing			$	388,831					$	1,150,598					$	821,373					$	490,153					$	404,061					$	1,718,776					$	536,349					$	5,510,141
Non-performing			—						—						9,215						1,145						761						28,359						333						39,813
Total non-farm/non-residential			388,831						1,150,598						830,588						491,298						404,822						1,747,135						536,682						5,549,954
Construction/land development
Performing			$	501,215					$	918,390					$	382,954					$	88,204					$	55,239					$	81,028					$	253,667					$	2,280,697
Non-performing			—						7,818						1,703						697						618						188						1,326						12,350
Total construction/land development			501,215						926,208						384,657						88,901						55,857						81,216						254,993						2,293,047
Agricultural
Performing			$	39,976					$	69,584					$	46,809					$	46,608					$	20,485					$	76,547					$	24,716					$	324,725
Non-performing			—						—						79						—						—						352						—						431
Total agricultural			39,976						69,584						46,888						46,608						20,485						76,899						24,716						325,156
Total commercial real estate loans			$	930,022					$	2,146,390					$	1,262,133					$	626,807					$	481,164					$	1,905,250					$	816,391					$	8,168,157
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family
Performing			$	261,784					$	405,239					$	298,207					$	167,475					$	108,091					$	396,130					$	185,948					$	1,822,874
Non-performing			—						3,958						2,356						3,647						3,236						7,599						590						21,386
Total residential 1-4 family			261,784						409,197						300,563						171,122						111,327						403,729						186,538						1,844,260
Multifamily residential
Performing			$	3,983					$	87,012					$	107,301					$	108,702					$	39,815					$	74,564					$	14,359					$	435,736
Non-performing			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total multifamily residential			3,983						87,012						107,301						108,702						39,815						74,564						14,359						435,736
Total real estate			$	1,195,789					$	2,642,599					$	1,669,997					$	906,631					$	632,306					$	2,383,543					$	1,017,288					$	10,448,153
Consumer
Performing			$	255,771					$	256,826					$	215,831					$	109,442					$	110,267					$	198,982					$	3,060					$	1,150,179
Non-performing			159						762						814						539						139						1,089						9						3,511
Total consumer			255,930						257,588						216,645						109,981						110,406						200,071						3,069						1,153,690
Commercial and industrial
Performing			$	616,809					$	382,190					$	156,056					$	87,531					$	111,529					$	273,434					$	680,552					$	2,308,101
Non-performing			2,562						3,186						863						563						2,993						3,243						3,480						16,890
Total commercial and industrial			619,371						385,376						156,919						88,094						114,522						276,677						684,032						2,324,991
Agricultural and other
Performing			$	67,569					$	55,904					$	39,473					$	28,220					$	15,195					$	48,203					$	242,818					$	497,382
Non-performing			71						33						10						—						—						34						364						512
Total agricultural and other			67,640						55,937						39,483						28,220						15,195						48,237						243,182						497,894
Total			$	2,138,730					$	3,341,500					$	2,083,044					$	1,132,926					$	872,429					$	2,908,528					$	1,947,571					$	14,424,728

Presentation of Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs") by Class

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by class and modification type at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.

			September 30, 2024
																											Combination of Modifications
			Term Extension						Interest Rate Reduction						Principal Reduction						Interest Only						Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension						Principal Reduction and Interest Rate Reduction						Term Extension and Interest Only						Term Extension and Principal Reduction						Post- Modification Outstanding Balance						Percentage of Total Class of Loans Receivable
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	389					$	—					$	—					$	1,307					$	342					$	—					$	15,874					$	—					$	17,912					0.33		%
Construction/land development			—						—						—						78						—						—						—						—						78						—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			1,061						951						103						23						606						—						—						117						2,861						0.15
Total real estate			1,450						951						103						1,408						948						—						15,874						117						20,851						0.19
Consumer			6						—						—						9						—						3						—						—						18						—
Commercial and industrial			2,308						—						—						992						74						—						—						—						3,374						0.16
Total			$	3,764					$	951					$	103					$	2,409					$	1,022					$	3					$	15,874					$	117					$	24,243					0.16		%

			December 31, 2023
																											Combination of Modifications
			Term Extension						Interest Rate Reduction						Principal Reduction						Interest Only						Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension						Principal Reduction and Interest Rate Reduction						Term Extension and Interest Only						Term Extension and Principal Reduction						Post- Modification Outstanding Balance						Percentage of Total Class of Loans Receivable
			(In thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	398					$	—					$	—					$	1,537					$	348					$	—					$	16,023					$	—					$	18,306					0.33		%
Construction/land development			—						—						—						149						—						—						—						—						149						0.01
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			560						598						106						59						516						—						—						116						1,955						0.11
Total real estate			958						598						106						1,745						864						—						16,023						116						20,410						0.20
Consumer			14						—						1						10						—						5						—						—						30						—
Commercial and industrial			2,253						38						42						1,763						74						—						—						—						4,170						0.18
Total			$	3,225					$	636					$	149					$	3,518					$	938					$	5					$	16,023					$	116					$	24,610					0.17		%

Presentation of TDR's on Non-Accrual Status

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

			September 30, 2024
			Term Extension						Interest Rate Reduction																		Combination Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
			(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	—					$	—																	$	—
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			385						511																		238
Total real estate			385						511																		238
Consumer			6						—																		—
Commercial and industrial			—						—																		—
Total			$	391					$	511																	$	238

Summary of Total Foreclosed Assets

The following is a presentation of total foreclosed assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

			September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
			(In thousands)
Commercial real estate loans
Non-farm/non-residential			$	29,824					$	29,894
Construction/land development			12,919						47
Residential real estate loans
Residential 1-4 family			297						545
Total foreclosed assets held for sale			$	43,040					$	30,486

X

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X

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Schedule of recorded investment in loans held for investment and related allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment.

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