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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-09614
Vail Resorts, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 51-0291762
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
390 Interlocken Crescent |  |
Broomfield, | Colorado |  | 80021
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(303) | 404-1800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | MTN | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
As of March 7, 2024, 37,968,155 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

Table of Contents

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | Page
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited). |
| Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023 | 2
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 | 3
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 | 4
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 | 5
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 38
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 38
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 39
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 39
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 39
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 39
Item 5. | Other Information | 39
Item 6. | Exhibits | 40

1

Vail Resorts, Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | January 31, 2024 |  | July 31, 2023 |  | January 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 812,163 |  |  | $ | 562,975 |  |  | $ | 1,295,252 |
Restricted cash |  | 13,329 |  |  | 10,118 |  |  | 24,103 |
Trade receivables, net |  | 138,269 |  |  | 381,067 |  |  | 160,393 |
Inventories, net |  | 134,839 |  |  | 132,548 |  |  | 122,088 |
Other current assets |  | 80,204 |  |  | 121,403 |  |  | 158,295 |
Total current assets |  | 1,178,804 |  |  | 1,208,111 |  |  | 1,760,131 |
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 7) |  | 2,349,424 |  |  | 2,371,557 |  |  | 2,421,395 |
Real estate held for sale or investment |  | 86,737 |  |  | 90,207 |  |  | 90,354 |
Goodwill, net (Note 7) |  | 1,699,909 |  |  | 1,720,344 |  |  | 1,723,019 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 304,115 |  |  | 309,345 |  |  | 310,666 |
Operating right-of-use assets |  | 189,838 |  |  | 192,289 |  |  | 200,667 |
Other assets |  | 38,837 |  |  | 55,901 |  |  | 58,730 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,847,664 |  |  | $ | 5,947,754 |  |  | $ | 6,564,962 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 7) |  | $ | 1,141,624 |  |  | $ | 978,021 |  |  | $ | 1,144,795 |
Income taxes payable |  | 18,015 |  |  | 83,514 |  |  | 73,559 |
Long-term debt due within one year (Note 5) |  | 69,135 |  |  | 69,160 |  |  | 69,582 |
Total current liabilities |  | 1,228,774 |  |  | 1,130,695 |  |  | 1,287,936 |
Long-term debt, net (Note 5) |  | 2,721,598 |  |  | 2,750,675 |  |  | 2,789,827 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 168,716 |  |  | 168,326 |  |  | 184,298 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 291,330 |  |  | 286,261 |  |  | 237,478 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  | 286,581 |  |  | 276,137 |  |  | 288,072 |
Total liabilities |  | 4,696,999 |  |  | 4,612,094 |  |  | 4,787,611 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 25,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 46,852, 46,798 and 46,795 shares issued, respectively |  | 469 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 468 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,133,275 |  |  | 1,124,433 |  |  | 1,112,519 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (29,838) |  |  | (10,358) |  |  | (8,565) |
Retained earnings |  | 760,820 |  |  | 873,710 |  |  | 837,573 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 8,885, 8,648 and 6,466 shares, respectively (Note 11) |  | (1,034,822) |  |  | (984,306) |  |  | (479,417) |
Total Vail Resorts, Inc. stockholders’ equity |  | 829,904 |  |  | 1,003,947 |  |  | 1,462,578 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 320,761 |  |  | 331,713 |  |  | 314,773 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 1,150,665 |  |  | 1,335,660 |  |  | 1,777,351 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 5,847,664 |  |  | $ | 5,947,754 |  |  | $ | 6,564,962 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.
2

Vail Resorts, Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Six Months Ended January 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mountain and Lodging services and other | $ | 905,053 |  |  | $ | 901,837 |  |  | $ | 1,087,887 |  |  | $ | 1,112,223 |  |  |  |  |
Mountain and Lodging retail and dining | 172,745 |  |  | 192,182 |  |  | 244,187 |  |  | 261,130 |  |  |  |  |
Resort net revenue | 1,077,798 |  |  | 1,094,019 |  |  | 1,332,074 |  |  | 1,373,353 |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate | 160 |  |  | 7,699 |  |  | 4,449 |  |  | 7,812 |  |  |  |  |
Total net revenue | 1,077,958 |  |  | 1,101,718 |  |  | 1,336,523 |  |  | 1,381,165 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mountain and Lodging operating expense | 474,170 |  |  | 507,216 |  |  | 729,746 |  |  | 749,502 |  |  |  |  |
Mountain and Lodging retail and dining cost of products sold | 65,289 |  |  | 75,431 |  |  | 96,584 |  |  | 110,516 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 112,714 |  |  | 116,616 |  |  | 220,739 |  |  | 215,415 |  |  |  |  |
Resort operating expense | 652,173 |  |  | 699,263 |  |  | 1,047,069 |  |  | 1,075,433 |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate operating expense | 1,676 |  |  | 6,310 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | 7,692 |  |  |  |  |
Total segment operating expense | 653,849 |  |  | 705,573 |  |  | 1,053,926 |  |  | 1,083,125 |  |  |  |  |
Other operating (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | (69,399) |  |  | (65,989) |  |  | (136,127) |  |  | (130,603) |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of real property | — |  |  | 757 |  |  | 6,285 |  |  | 757 |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimated fair value of contingent consideration (Note 8) | (3,400) |  |  | (1,100) |  |  | (6,457) |  |  | (1,736) |  |  |  |  |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets and other, net | (758) |  |  | (1,780) |  |  | (2,801) |  |  | (1,786) |  |  |  |  |
Income from operations | 350,552 |  |  | 328,033 |  |  | 143,497 |  |  | 164,672 |  |  |  |  |
Mountain equity investment (loss) income, net | (579) |  |  | 42 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 388 |  |  |  |  |
Investment income and other, net | 4,863 |  |  | 7,108 |  |  | 8,547 |  |  | 9,994 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency gain (loss) on intercompany loans (Note 5) | 3,040 |  |  | 2,338 |  |  | (1,925) |  |  | (3,797) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (40,585) |  |  | (38,370) |  |  | (81,315) |  |  | (73,672) |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes | 317,291 |  |  | 299,151 |  |  | 69,084 |  |  | 97,585 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | (87,486) |  |  | (79,032) |  |  | (22,326) |  |  | (21,026) |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 229,805 |  |  | 220,119 |  |  | 46,758 |  |  | 76,559 |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (10,506) |  |  | (11,440) |  |  | (2,971) |  |  | (4,851) |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 219,299 |  |  | $ | 208,679 |  |  | $ | 43,787 |  |  | $ | 71,708 |  |  |  |  |
Per share amounts (Note 4): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic net income per share attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 5.78 |  |  | $ | 5.17 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.78 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net income per share attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 5.76 |  |  | $ | 5.16 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 2.06 |  |  | $ | 1.91 |  |  | $ | 4.12 |  |  | $ | 3.82 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.
3

Vail Resorts, Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Six Months Ended January 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 229,805 |  |  | $ | 220,119 |  |  | $ | 46,758 |  |  | $ | 76,559 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax | 70,882 |  |  | 82,468 |  |  | (21,212) |  |  | (35,340) |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimated fair value of hedging instruments, net of tax | (3,592) |  |  | (2,787) |  |  | (6,062) |  |  | 5,220 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 297,095 |  |  | 299,800 |  |  | 19,484 |  |  | 46,439 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (29,258) |  |  | (30,778) |  |  | 4,823 |  |  | 5,781 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 267,837 |  |  | $ | 269,022 |  |  | $ | 24,307 |  |  | $ | 52,220 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.
4

Vail Resorts, Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Common Stock | Additional Paid in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total Vail Resorts, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity
|  | Vail Resorts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, October 31, 2022 |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 1,106,813 |  | $ | (68,908) |  | $ | 705,923 |  | $ | (479,417) |  | $ | 1,264,879 |  | $ | 286,839 |  | $ | 1,551,718 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | 208,679 |  | — |  | 208,679 |  | 11,440 |  | 220,119 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | 63,130 |  | — |  | — |  | 63,130 |  | 19,338 |  | 82,468 |
Change in estimated fair value of hedging instruments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | (2,787) |  | — |  | — |  | (2,787) |  | — |  | (2,787) |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 269,022 |  | 30,778 |  | 299,800 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 6,844 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,844 |  | — |  | 6,844 |
Issuance of shares under share award plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |  | — |  |  | (1,138) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,138) |  | — |  | (1,138) |
Dividends (Note 4) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | (77,029) |  | — |  | (77,029) |  | — |  | (77,029) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2,844) |  | (2,844) |
Balance, January 31, 2023 |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 1,112,519 |  | $ | (8,565) |  | $ | 837,573 |  | $ | (479,417) |  | $ | 1,462,578 |  | $ | 314,773 |  | $ | 1,777,351 |
Balance, October 31, 2023 |  | $ | 469 |  |  | $ | 1,126,033 |  | $ | (78,376) |  | $ | 619,727 |  | $ | (1,034,822) |  | $ | 633,031 |  | $ | 295,149 |  | $ | 928,180 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | 219,299 |  | — |  | 219,299 |  | 10,506 |  | 229,805 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | 52,130 |  | — |  | — |  | 52,130 |  | 18,752 |  | 70,882 |
Change in estimated fair value of hedging instruments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | (3,592) |  | — |  | — |  | (3,592) |  | — |  | (3,592) |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 267,837 |  | 29,258 |  | 297,095 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 7,336 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,336 |  | — |  | 7,336 |
Issuance of shares under share award plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |  | — |  |  | (94) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (94) |  | — |  | (94) |
Dividends (Note 4) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | (78,206) |  | — |  | (78,206) |  | — |  | (78,206) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,646) |  | (3,646) |
Balance, January 31, 2024 |  | $ | 469 |  |  | $ | 1,133,275 |  | $ | (29,838) |  | $ | 760,820 |  | $ | (1,034,822) |  | $ | 829,904 |  | $ | 320,761 |  | $ | 1,150,665 |

5

|  | Common Stock | Additional Paid in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total Vail Resorts, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity
|  | Vail Resorts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, July 31, 2022 |  | $ | 467 |  |  | $ | 1,184,577 |  | $ | 10,923 |  | $ | 895,889 |  | $ | (479,417) |  | $ | 1,612,439 |  | $ | 235,045 |  | $ | 1,847,484 |
Comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | 71,708 |  | — |  | 71,708 |  | 4,851 |  | 76,559 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | (24,708) |  | — |  | — |  | (24,708) |  | (10,632) |  | (35,340) |
Change in estimated fair value of hedging instruments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | 5,220 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,220 |  | — |  | 5,220 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52,220 |  | (5,781) |  | 46,439 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 13,189 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 13,189 |  | — |  | 13,189 |
Issuance of shares under share award plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |  | 1 |  |  | (5,181) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (5,180) |  | — |  | (5,180) |
Dividends (Note 4) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | (154,047) |  | — |  | (154,047) |  | — |  | (154,047) |
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2020-06 |  | — |  |  | (80,066) |  | — |  | 24,023 |  | — |  | (56,043) |  | — |  | (56,043) |
Estimated acquisition date fair value of noncontrolling interests (Note 6) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 91,524 |  | 91,524 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (6,015) |  | (6,015) |
Balance, January 31, 2023 |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 1,112,519 |  | $ | (8,565) |  | $ | 837,573 |  | $ | (479,417) |  | $ | 1,462,578 |  | $ | 314,773 |  | $ | 1,777,351 |
Balance, July 31, 2023 |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 1,124,433 |  | $ | (10,358) |  | $ | 873,710 |  | $ | (984,306) |  | $ | 1,003,947 |  | $ | 331,713 |  | $ | 1,335,660 |
Comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | 43,787 |  | — |  | 43,787 |  | 2,971 |  | 46,758 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | (13,418) |  | — |  | — |  | (13,418) |  | (7,794) |  | (21,212) |
Change in estimated fair value of hedging instruments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  | (6,062) |  | — |  | — |  | (6,062) |  | — |  | (6,062) |
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,307 |  | (4,823) |  | 19,484 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | 14,132 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14,132 |  | — |  | 14,132 |
Issuance of shares under share award plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |  | 1 |  |  | (5,290) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (5,289) |  | — |  | (5,289) |
Repurchases of common stock (Note 11) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (50,516) |  | (50,516) |  | — |  | (50,516) |
Dividends (Note 4) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | (156,677) |  | — |  | (156,677) |  | — |  | (156,677) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (6,129) |  | (6,129) |
Balance, January 31, 2024 |  | $ | 469 |  |  | $ | 1,133,275 |  | $ | (29,838) |  | $ | 760,820 |  | $ | (1,034,822) |  | $ | 829,904 |  | $ | 320,761 |  | $ | 1,150,665 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.
6

Vail Resorts, Inc.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended January 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 46,758 |  |  | $ | 76,559 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 136,127 |  |  | 130,603 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 14,132 |  |  | 13,189 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 22,326 |  |  | 21,026 |
Other non-cash income, net |  | 11,770 |  |  | 2,602 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Trade receivables, net |  | 235,183 |  |  | 226,796 |
Inventories, net |  | (2,708) |  |  | (12,962) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | 90,578 |  |  | 96,247 |
Deferred revenue |  | 108,693 |  |  | 104,996 |
Income taxes payable |  | (67,119) |  |  | (31,166) |
Other assets and liabilities, net |  | (24,579) |  |  | (22,397) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 571,161 |  |  | 605,493 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (130,291) |  |  | (206,554) |
Return of deposit for acquisition of business |  | — |  |  | 114,506 |
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired |  | — |  |  | (38,567) |
Investments in short-term deposits |  | — |  |  | (86,756) |
Maturity of short-term deposits |  | 57,647 |  |  | — |
Other investing activities, net |  | 6,565 |  |  | 11,346 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (66,079) |  |  | (206,025) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Repayments of borrowings under Vail Holdings Credit Agreement |  | (31,250) |  |  | (31,250) |
Employee taxes paid for share award exercises |  | (5,289) |  |  | (5,181) |
Dividends paid |  | (156,677) |  |  | (154,047) |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (50,000) |  |  | — |
Other financing activities, net |  | (7,961) |  |  | (10,899) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (251,177) |  |  | (201,377) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (1,506) |  |  | (4,843) |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | 252,399 |  |  | 193,248 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | 573,093 |  |  | 1,126,107 |
End of period |  | $ | 825,492 |  |  | $ | 1,319,355 |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |  |
Accrued capital expenditures |  | $ | 11,784 |  |  | $ | 49,091 |

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.
7

Vail Resorts, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1.Organization and Business
Vail Resorts, Inc. (“Vail Resorts”) is organized as a holding company and operates through various subsidiaries. Vail Resorts and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) operate in three reportable segments: Mountain, Lodging and Real Estate. The Company refers to “Resort” as the combination of the Mountain and Lodging segments.
In the Mountain segment, the Company operates the following 41 destination mountain resorts and regional ski areas:
*Denotes a destination mountain resort, which generally receives a meaningful portion of skier visits from long-distance travelers, as opposed to the Company’s regional ski areas, which tend to generate skier visits predominantly from their respective local markets.
Additionally, the Mountain segment includes ancillary services, primarily including ski school, dining and retail/rental operations, and for the Company’s Australian ski areas, including lodging and transportation operations.
In the Lodging segment, the Company owns and/or manages a collection of luxury hotels and condominiums under its RockResorts brand; other strategic lodging properties and a large number of condominiums located in proximity to the Company’s North American mountain resorts; National Park Service (“NPS”) concessioner properties including the Grand Teton Lodge Company, which operates destination resorts in Grand Teton National Park; a Colorado resort ground transportation company and mountain resort golf courses.
The Company’s Real Estate segment primarily owns, develops and sells real estate in and around the Company’s resort communities.
The Company’s mountain business and its lodging properties at or around the Company’s mountain resorts are seasonal in nature, and typically experience their peak operating seasons primarily from mid-December through mid-April in North America and Europe. The peak operating season at the Company’s Australian resorts, NPS concessioner properties and golf courses generally occurs from June to early October.
8

Pending Acquisition of Crans-Montana Mountain Resort
On November 30, 2023, the Company announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire Crans-Montana Mountain Resort (“Crans-Montana”) in Switzerland from CPI Property Group. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company will acquire (i) an 84% ownership stake in Remontées Mécaniques Crans Montana Aminona SA, which controls and operates all of the lifts and supporting mountain operations, including four retail and rental locations; (ii) an 80% ownership stake in SportLife AG, which operates one of the ski schools located at the resort; and (iii) 100% ownership of 11 restaurants located on and around the mountain. Subject to closing adjustments, the enterprise value of the resort operations is expected to be CHF 118.5 million. The Company expects to fund the purchase price for the acquired ownership interest of the resort operations through cash on hand when the transaction closes.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements — In the opinion of the Company, the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements reflect all adjustments necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Results for interim periods are not indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year, particularly given the significant seasonality to the Company’s operating cycle. The accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023. Certain information and footnote disclosures, including significant accounting policies, normally included in fiscal year financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. The Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2023 was derived from audited financial statements.
Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The estimated fair values of the 6.25% Notes and the 0.0% Convertible Notes (each as defined in Note 5, Long-Term Debt) are based on quoted market prices (a Level 2 input). The estimated fair value of the EPR Secured Notes and the NRP Loan (both as defined in Note 5, Long-Term Debt) have been estimated using analyses based on current borrowing rates for comparable debt instruments with similar maturity dates (a Level 2 input). The carrying values, including any unamortized premium or discount, and estimated fair values of the 6.25% Notes, 0.0% Convertible Notes, EPR Secured Notes and NRP Loan as of January 31, 2024 are presented below (in thousands):

| January 31, 2024
| Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
6.25% Notes | $ | 600,000 |  |  | $ | 600,954 |
0.0% Convertible Notes | $ | 575,000 |  |  | $ | 519,294 |
EPR Secured Notes | $ | 131,701 |  |  | $ | 170,865 |
NRP Loan | $ | 39,491 |  |  | $ | 31,453 |

The carrying values for all other financial instruments not included in the above table approximate their respective fair value due to their short-term nature or the variable nature of their associated interest rates.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Standards Being Evaluated
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosures, primarily through incorporating enhanced segment disclosure requirements set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission into U.S. GAAP. The enhanced disclosures will primarily require public entities to include specific disclosures regarding “significant expenses” that are regularly provided to or easily computed from information provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within segment profit and loss. This ASU also requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported
9

measure(s) of segment profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (the Company’s fiscal year ending July 31, 2025), and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (the Company’s fiscal quarter ending October 31, 2025), with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on its Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, including determining the timing of adoption.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which includes amendments that further enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 (the Company’s fiscal year ending July 31, 2026), though early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on its Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, including determining the timing of adoption.
3. Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenues
The following table presents net revenues disaggregated by segment and major revenue type for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Six Months Ended January 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Mountain net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lift |  | $ | 603,459 |  |  | $ | 592,603 |  |  | $ | 648,849 |  |  | $ | 652,143 |
Ski School |  | 126,629 |  |  | 123,451 |  |  | 133,807 |  |  | 132,378 |
Dining |  | 82,060 |  |  | 85,828 |  |  | 100,137 |  |  | 105,270 |
Retail/Rental |  | 136,156 |  |  | 159,932 |  |  | 169,630 |  |  | 200,276 |
Other |  | 51,677 |  |  | 51,628 |  |  | 120,013 |  |  | 125,092 |
Total Mountain net revenue |  | $ | 999,981 |  |  | $ | 1,013,442 |  |  | $ | 1,172,436 |  |  | $ | 1,215,159 |
Lodging net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owned hotel rooms |  | $ | 13,583 |  |  | $ | 13,479 |  |  | $ | 38,760 |  |  | $ | 37,044 |
Managed condominium rooms |  | 28,308 |  |  | 31,336 |  |  | 40,311 |  |  | 44,195 |
Dining |  | 13,609 |  |  | 13,184 |  |  | 31,692 |  |  | 30,013 |
Transportation |  | 6,405 |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | 7,910 |  |  | 7,348 |
Golf |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,471 |  |  | 5,939 |
Other |  | 11,417 |  |  | 11,700 |  |  | 26,540 |  |  | 24,988 |
|  | 73,322 |  |  | 75,587 |  |  | 151,684 |  |  | 149,527 |
Payroll cost reimbursements |  | 4,495 |  |  | 4,990 |  |  | 7,954 |  |  | 8,667 |
Total Lodging net revenue |  | $ | 77,817 |  |  | $ | 80,577 |  |  | $ | 159,638 |  |  | $ | 158,194 |
Total Resort net revenue |  | $ | 1,077,798 |  |  | $ | 1,094,019 |  |  | $ | 1,332,074 |  |  | $ | 1,373,353 |
Total Real Estate net revenue |  | 160 |  |  | 7,699 |  |  | 4,449 |  |  | 7,812 |
Total net revenue |  | $ | 1,077,958 |  |  | $ | 1,101,718 |  |  | $ | 1,336,523 |  |  | $ | 1,381,165 |

Contract Balances
Deferred revenue balances of a short-term nature were $660.3 million and $572.6 million as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively. For the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $238.0 million and $294.5 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of July 31, 2023. Deferred revenue balances of a long-term nature, comprised primarily of long-term private club initiation fee revenue, were $108.3 million, $109.7 million and $113.3 million as of January 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, respectively. As of January 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining period over which revenue for unsatisfied performance obligations on long-term private club contracts will be recognized was approximately 15 years.
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Costs to Obtain Contracts with Customers
Costs to obtain contracts with customers are recorded within other current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets, and were $14.4 million, $5.1 million and $13.0 million as of January 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, respectively. The amounts capitalized are subject to amortization generally beginning in the second quarter of each fiscal year, commensurate with the recognition of revenue for related pass products. The Company recorded amortization of $13.9 million for these costs during both the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, which was recorded within Mountain and Lodging operating expense on the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations.
4. Net Income per Share
Earnings per Share
Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income attributable to Vail Resorts stockholders by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, resulting in the issuance of shares of common stock that would then share in the earnings of Vail Resorts.
In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Whistler Blackcomb in October 2016, the Company issued consideration in the form of shares of Vail Resorts common stock (the “Vail Shares”), redeemable preferred shares of the Company’s wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary Whistler Blackcomb Holdings Inc. (“Exchangeco Shares”) or cash (or a combination thereof). Effective September 26, 2022, all Exchangeco Shares had been exchanged for Vail Shares. Both Vail Shares and Exchangeco Shares have a par value of $0.01 per share, and Exchangeco Shares, while they were outstanding, were substantially the economic equivalent of the Vail Shares. The Company’s calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding as of January 31, 2023 included the Exchangeco Shares, but there were no Exchangeco Shares that remained outstanding as of January 31, 2023.
Presented below is basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  | Basic |  | Diluted |  | Basic |  | Diluted
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Vail Resorts |  | $ | 219,299 |  |  | $ | 219,299 |  |  | $ | 208,679 |  |  | $ | 208,679 |
Weighted-average Vail Shares outstanding |  | 37,967 |  |  | 37,967 |  |  | 40,327 |  |  | 40,327 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 107 |
Total shares |  | 37,967 |  |  | 38,046 |  |  | 40,327 |  |  | 40,434 |
Net income per share attributable to Vail Resorts |  | $ | 5.78 |  |  | $ | 5.76 |  |  | $ | 5.17 |  |  | $ | 5.16 |

The Company computes the effect of dilutive securities using the treasury stock method and average market prices during the period. The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of share-based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive totaled approximately 15,000 and 25,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Presented below is basic and diluted EPS for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Six Months Ended January 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  | Basic |  | Diluted |  | Basic |  | Diluted
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Vail Resorts |  | $ | 43,787 |  |  | $ | 43,787 |  |  | $ | 71,708 |  |  | $ | 71,708 |
Weighted-average Vail Shares outstanding |  | 38,042 |  |  | 38,042 |  |  | 40,312 |  |  | 40,312 |
Weighted-average Exchangeco Shares outstanding |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total Weighted-average shares outstanding |  | 38,042 |  |  | 38,042 |  |  | 40,313 |  |  | 40,313 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |
Total shares |  | 38,042 |  |  | 38,133 |  |  | 40,313 |  |  | 40,408 |
Net income per share attributable to Vail Resorts |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.78 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |

The number of shares issuable upon the exercise of share-based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive totaled approximately 18,000 and 26,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively.
In December 2020, the Company completed an offering of $575.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.0% Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 5, Long-Term Debt). The Company is required to settle the principal amount of the 0.0% Convertible Notes in cash and has the option to settle the conversion spread in cash or shares. The Company uses the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted EPS when the instruments may be settled in cash or shares. If the conversion value of the 0.0% Convertible Notes exceeds their conversion price, then the Company will calculate its diluted EPS as if all the notes were converted into common stock at the beginning of the period. However, if reflecting the 0.0% Convertible Notes in diluted EPS in this manner is anti-dilutive, or if the conversion value of the notes does not exceed their conversion price for a reporting period, then the shares underlying the notes will not be reflected in the Company’s calculation of diluted EPS. For the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the price of Vail Shares did not exceed the conversion price and therefore there was no impact to diluted EPS during those periods.
Dividends
During the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company paid cash dividends of $2.06 and $4.12 per share, respectively ($78.2 million and $156.7 million, respectively). During the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, the Company paid cash dividends of $1.91 and $3.82 per share, respectively ($77.0 million and $154.0 million), respectively. On March 7, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $2.22 per share payable on April 11, 2024 to stockholders of record as of March 28, 2024.
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5. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt, net as of January 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

|  | Maturity |  | January 31, 2024 |  | July 31, 2023 |  | January 31, 2023
Vail Holdings Credit Agreement term loan (a) |  | 2026 |  | $ | 984,375 |  |  | $ | 1,015,625 |  |  | $ | 1,046,875 |
Vail Holdings Credit Agreement revolver (a) |  | 2026 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
6.25% Notes |  | 2025 |  | 600,000 |  |  | 600,000 |  |  | 600,000 |
0.0% Convertible Notes (b) |  | 2026 |  | 575,000 |  |  | 575,000 |  |  | 575,000 |
Whistler Credit Agreement revolver (c) |  | 2028 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,275 |
EPR Secured Notes (d) |  | 2034-2036 |  | 114,162 |  |  | 114,162 |  |  | 114,162 |
NRP Loan |  | 2036 |  | 39,285 |  |  | 40,399 |  |  | 39,967 |
Employee housing bonds |  | 2027-2039 |  | 52,575 |  |  | 52,575 |  |  | 52,575 |
Canyons obligation |  | 2063 |  | 366,264 |  |  | 363,386 |  |  | 360,497 |
Whistler Blackcomb employee housing leases |  | 2042 |  | 28,796 |  |  | 29,491 |  |  | 29,346 |
Other |  | 2024-2036 |  | 33,574 |  |  | 35,011 |  |  | 37,633 |
Total debt |  |  |  | 2,794,031 |  |  | 2,825,649 |  |  | 2,867,330 |
Less: Unamortized premiums, discounts and debt issuance costs |  |  |  | 3,298 |  |  | 5,814 |  |  | 7,921 |
Less: Current maturities (e) |  |  |  | 69,135 |  |  | 69,160 |  |  | 69,582 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  |  | $ | 2,721,598 |  |  | $ | 2,750,675 |  |  | $ | 2,789,827 |

(a)As of January 31, 2024, the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement consists of a $500.0 million revolving credit facility and a $1.0 billion outstanding term loan. The term loan is subject to quarterly amortization of principal of approximately $15.6 million, in equal installments, for a total of 5% of principal payable in each year and the final payment of all amounts outstanding, plus accrued and unpaid interest is due upon maturity in September 2026. The proceeds of the loans made under the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement may be used to fund the Company’s working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments and other general corporate purposes, including the issuance of letters of credit. Borrowings under the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement, including the term loan, bear interest annually at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread of 1.60% as of January 31, 2024 (6.93% as of January 31, 2024). Interest rate margins may fluctuate based upon the ratio of the Company’s Net Funded Debt to Adjusted EBITDA on a trailing four-quarter basis. The Vail Holdings Credit Agreement also includes a quarterly unused commitment fee, which is equal to a percentage determined by the Net Funded Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio, as each such term is defined in the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement, multiplied by the daily amount by which the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement commitment exceeds the total of outstanding loans and outstanding letters of credit (0.30% as of January 31, 2024). The Company is party to various interest rate swap agreements which hedge the cash flows associated with the SOFR-based variable interest rate component of $400.0 million in principal amount of its Vail Holdings Credit Agreement until September 23, 2024, at an effective rate of 1.38%.
(b)The Company issued $575.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.0% Convertible Notes due 2026 (the “0.0% Convertible Notes) under an indenture dated December 18, 2020. As of January 31, 2024, the conversion price of the 0.0% Convertible Notes, adjusted for cash dividends paid since the issuance date, was $377.76.
(c)Whistler Mountain Resort Limited Partnership (“Whistler LP”) and Blackcomb Skiing Enterprises Limited Partnership (“Blackcomb LP” and together with Whistler LP, the “WB Partnerships”) are party to a credit agreement consisting of a C$300.0 million credit facility which was most recently amended on April 14, 2023, by and among Whistler LP, Blackcomb LP, certain subsidiaries of Whistler LP and Blackcomb LP party thereto as guarantors, the financial institutions party thereto as lenders and The Toronto-Dominion Bank, as administrative agent. The Whistler Credit Agreement has a maturity date of April 14, 2028 and uses rates based on SOFR with regard to borrowings under the facility made in U.S. dollars. As of January 31, 2024, there were no borrowings under the Whistler Credit Agreement. The Whistler Credit Agreement also includes a quarterly unused commitment fee based on the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio, which as of January 31, 2024 is equal to 0.39% per annum.
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(d)In September 2019, in conjunction with the acquisition of Peak Resorts, Inc. (“Peak Resorts”), the Company assumed various secured borrowings (the “EPR Secured Notes”) under the master credit and security agreements and other related agreements, as amended, (collectively, the “EPR Agreements”) with EPT Ski Properties, Inc. and its affiliates (“EPR”). The EPR Secured Notes include the following:
i.The Alpine Valley Secured Note. The $4.6 million Alpine Valley Secured Note provides for interest payments through its maturity on December 1, 2034. As of January 31, 2024, interest on this note accrued at a rate of 11.90%.
ii.The Boston Mills/Brandywine Secured Note. The $23.3 million Boston Mills/Brandywine Secured Note provides for interest payments through its maturity on December 1, 2034. As of January 31, 2024, interest on this note accrued at a rate of 11.41%.
iii.The Jack Frost/Big Boulder Secured Note. The $14.3 million Jack Frost/Big Boulder Secured Note provides for interest payments through its maturity on December 1, 2034. As of January 31, 2024, interest on this note accrued at a rate of 11.41%.
iv.The Mount Snow Secured Note. The $51.1 million Mount Snow Secured Note provides for interest payments through its maturity on December 1, 2034. As of January 31, 2024, interest on this note accrued at a rate of 12.32%.
v.The Hunter Mountain Secured Note. The $21.0 million Hunter Mountain Secured Note provides for interest payments through its maturity on January 5, 2036. As of January 31, 2024, interest on this note accrued at a rate of 9.03%.
In addition, Peak Resorts is required to maintain a debt service reserve account which amounts are applied to fund interest payments and other amounts due and payable to EPR.
(e)Current maturities represent principal payments due in the next 12 months.
Aggregate maturities of debt outstanding as of January 31, 2024 reflected by fiscal year (August 1 through July 31) are as follows (in thousands):

| Total
2024 (February 2024 through July 2024) | $ | 35,317 |
2025 | 676,063 |
2026 | 643,837 |
2027 | 851,454 |
2028 | 4,883 |
Thereafter | 582,477 |
Total debt | $ | 2,794,031 |

The Company recorded interest expense of $40.6 million and $38.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of which $1.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively, was amortization of deferred financing costs. The Company recorded interest expense of $81.3 million and $73.7 million for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of which $3.2 million was amortization of deferred financing costs in both periods. The Company was in compliance with all of its financial and operating covenants required to be maintained under its debt instruments for all periods presented.
In connection with the acquisition of Whistler Blackcomb, VHI funded a portion of the purchase price through an intercompany loan to Whistler Blackcomb, which was effective as of November 1, 2016, and requires foreign currency remeasurement to Canadian dollars, the functional currency for Whistler Blackcomb. As a result, foreign currency fluctuations associated with the loan are recorded within the Company’s results of operations. The Company recognized approximately $3.0 million and $(1.9) million of non-cash foreign currency gains (losses) on the intercompany loan to Whistler Blackcomb for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. The Company recognized approximately $2.3 million and $(3.8) million of non-cash foreign currency gains (losses) on the intercompany loan to Whistler Blackcomb for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations.
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6. Acquisitions
Andermatt-Sedrun
On August 3, 2022, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, the Company acquired a 55% controlling interest in Andermatt-Sedrun Sport AG (“Andermatt-Sedrun”) from Andermatt Swiss Alps AG (“ASA”). The consideration paid consisted of an investment of $114.4 million (CHF 110.0 million) into Andermatt-Sedrun for use in capital investments to enhance the guest experience on mountain (which was prepaid to fund the acquisition and was recorded in other current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2022) and $41.3 million (CHF 39.3 million) paid to ASA (which was paid on August 3, 2022, commensurate with closing). As of August 3, 2022 the total fair value of the consideration paid was $155.4 million (CHF 149.3 million).
Andermatt-Sedrun operates mountain and ski-related assets, including lifts, most of the restaurants and a ski school operation at the ski area. Ski operations are conducted on land owned by ASA as freehold or leasehold properties, land owned by Usern Corporation, land owned by the municipality of Tujetsch and land owned by private property owners. ASA retained a 40% ownership stake, with a group of existing shareholders comprising the remaining 5% ownership stake. ASA and the other noncontrolling economic interests contain certain protective rights pursuant to a shareholder agreement (the “Andermatt Agreement”) and no ability to participate in the day-to-day operations of Andermatt-Sedrun. The Andermatt Agreement provides that no dividend distributions be made by Andermatt-Sedrun until the end of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2026, after which time there shall be annual distributions of 50% of the available cash (as defined in the Andermatt Agreement) for the most recently completed fiscal year. In addition, the distribution rights are non-transferable and transfer of the noncontrolling interests are limited.
The following summarizes the purchase consideration and the purchase price allocation to estimated fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date the transaction was effective (in thousands):

| Acquisition Date Estimated Fair Value
Total cash consideration paid by Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 155,365 |
Estimated fair value of noncontrolling interests | 91,524 |
Total estimated purchase consideration | $ | 246,889 |
Allocation of total estimated purchase consideration: |
Current assets | $ | 119,867 |
Property, plant and equipment | 176,805 |
Goodwill | 3,368 |
Identifiable intangible assets and other assets | 7,476 |
Assumed long-term debt | (44,130) |
Other liabilities | (16,497) |
Net assets acquired | $ | 246,889 |

Identifiable intangible assets acquired in the transaction were primarily related to a trade name. The process of estimating the fair value of the property, plant, and equipment includes the use of certain estimates and assumptions related to replacement cost and physical condition at the time of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the aggregate estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies, the assembled workforce of the resort and other factors, and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The operating results of Andermatt-Sedrun are reported within the Mountain segment prospectively from the date of acquisition.
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7. Supplementary Balance Sheet Information
The composition of property, plant and equipment follows (in thousands):

|  | January 31, 2024 |  | July 31, 2023 |  | January 31, 2023
Land and land improvements |  | $ | 800,460 |  |  | $ | 796,730 |  |  | $ | 793,271 |
Buildings and building improvements |  | 1,649,112 |  |  | 1,643,517 |  |  | 1,635,700 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 1,914,253 |  |  | 1,792,378 |  |  | 1,769,052 |
Furniture and fixtures |  | 316,269 |  |  | 298,725 |  |  | 330,257 |
Software |  | 160,072 |  |  | 152,033 |  |  | 141,595 |
Vehicles |  | 90,303 |  |  | 87,298 |  |  | 85,329 |
Construction in progress |  | 74,884 |  |  | 134,113 |  |  | 135,903 |
Gross property, plant and equipment |  | 5,005,353 |  |  | 4,904,794 |  |  | 4,891,107 |
Accumulated depreciation |  | (2,655,929) |  |  | (2,533,237) |  |  | (2,469,712) |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 2,349,424 |  |  | $ | 2,371,557 |  |  | $ | 2,421,395 |

The composition of accounts payable and accrued liabilities follows (in thousands):

|  | January 31, 2024 |  | July 31, 2023 |  | January 31, 2023
Trade payables |  | $ | 130,796 |  |  | $ | 148,521 |  |  | $ | 179,221 |
Deferred revenue |  | 660,281 |  |  | 572,602 |  |  | 619,511 |
Accrued salaries, wages and deferred compensation |  | 66,064 |  |  | 38,908 |  |  | 66,275 |
Accrued benefits |  | 63,314 |  |  | 60,466 |  |  | 54,129 |
Deposits |  | 90,217 |  |  | 37,798 |  |  | 81,612 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 38,765 |  |  | 36,904 |  |  | 36,667 |
Other liabilities |  | 92,187 |  |  | 82,822 |  |  | 107,380 |
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 1,141,624 |  |  | $ | 978,021 |  |  | $ | 1,144,795 |

The changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the six months ended January 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

| Mountain |  | Lodging |  | Goodwill, net
Balance at July 31, 2023 | $ | 1,675,338 |  |  | $ | 45,006 |  |  | $ | 1,720,344 |
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates | (20,435) |  |  | — |  |  | (20,435) |
Balance at January 31, 2024 | $ | 1,654,903 |  |  | $ | 45,006 |  |  | $ | 1,699,909 |

8. Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes FASB-issued fair value guidance that establishes how reporting entities should measure fair value for measurement and disclosure purposes. The guidance establishes a common definition of fair value applicable to all assets and liabilities measured at fair value and prioritizes the inputs into valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Accordingly, the Company uses valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1: Inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Company for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2: Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active and inactive markets or that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3: Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.
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The table below summarizes the Company’s cash equivalents, restricted cash, other current assets, interest rate swaps and Contingent Consideration (defined below) measured at estimated fair value (all other assets and liabilities measured at fair value are immaterial) (in thousands).

|  | Estimated Fair Value Measurement as of January 31, 2024
Description |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market |  | $ | 102,608 |  |  | $ | 102,608 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Paper |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of Deposit |  | $ | 240,450 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 240,450 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | $ | 9,115 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,115 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent Consideration |  | $ | 62,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 62,700 |
|  | Estimated Fair Value Measurement as of July 31, 2023
Description |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market |  | $ | 170,872 |  |  | $ | 170,872 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Paper |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of Deposit |  | $ | 144,365 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144,365 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | $ | 17,229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,229 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent Consideration |  | $ | 73,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73,300 |
|  | Estimated Fair Value Measurement as of January 31, 2023
Description |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money Market |  | $ | 614,439 |  |  | $ | 614,439 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Paper |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,401 |  |  | $ | — |
Certificates of Deposit |  | $ | 111,140 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 111,140 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest Rate Swaps |  | $ | 19,270 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,270 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent Consideration |  | $ | 25,200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,200 |

The Company’s cash equivalents, restricted cash, other current assets and interest rate swaps are measured utilizing quoted market prices or pricing models whereby all significant inputs are either observable or corroborated by observable market data. The estimated fair value of the interest rate swaps are included within other current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of January 31, 2024 and included within other assets as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023.
The changes in Contingent Consideration during the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively |  | $ | 73,300 |  |  | $ | 42,400 |
Payments |  | (17,057) |  |  | (18,936) |
Change in estimated fair value |  | 6,457 |  |  | 1,736 |
Balance as of January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively |  | $ | 62,700 |  |  | $ | 25,200 |

The lease for Park City provides for participating contingent payments (the “Contingent Consideration”) to the landlord of 42% of the amount by which EBITDA for the Park City resort operations, as calculated under the lease, exceeds approximately $35 million, as established upon the Company’s acquisition of the resort, with such threshold amount subsequently increased annually by an inflation linked index and an adjustment equal to 10% of any capital improvements or investments made under the lease by the Company. Contingent Consideration is classified as a liability, which is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved.
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The Company estimated the fair value of the Contingent Consideration payments using an option pricing valuation model. The estimated fair value of Contingent Consideration includes future period resort operations of Park City in the calculation of EBITDA on which participating contingent payments are made, which is determined on the basis of estimated subsequent year performance, escalated by an assumed annual growth factor and discounted to present value. Other significant assumptions included a discount rate of 11.1%, and volatility of 17.0%, which together with future period Park City EBITDA, are all unobservable inputs and thus are considered Level 3 inputs. The Company prepared a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect that changes on certain key assumptions would have on the estimated fair value of the Contingent Consideration. A change in the discount rate of 100 basis points or a 5% change in estimated subsequent year performance of the resort would result in a change in the estimated fair value within the range of approximately $10.1 million to $13.8 million.
During the six months ended January 31, 2024, the Company made a payment to the landlord for Contingent Consideration of approximately $17.1 million and recorded an increase of approximately $6.5 million, primarily related to the estimated Contingent Consideration payment for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024. These changes resulted in an estimated fair value of the Contingent Consideration of approximately $62.7 million, which is reflected in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet.
9. Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees/Indemnifications
As of January 31, 2024, the Company had various letters of credit outstanding totaling $95.0 million, consisting of $53.4 million to support the Employee Housing Bonds; $6.4 million to support bonds issued by Holland Creek Metropolitan District; and $35.2 million primarily for workers’ compensation, a wind energy purchase agreement and insurance-related deductibles. The Company also had surety bonds of $9.5 million as of January 31, 2024, primarily to provide collateral for its U.S. workers compensation self-insurance programs.
In addition to the guarantees noted above, the Company has entered into contracts in the normal course of business that include certain indemnifications under which it could be required to make payments to third parties upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain future events. These indemnities include indemnities related to licensees in connection with third-parties’ use of the Company’s trademarks and logos, liabilities associated with the infringement of other parties’ technology and software products, liabilities associated with the use of easements, liabilities associated with employment of contract workers and the Company’s use of trustees and liabilities associated with the Company’s use of public lands and environmental matters. The duration of these indemnities generally is indefinite and generally do not limit the future payments the Company could be obligated to make.
As permitted under applicable law, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries have agreed to indemnify their directors and officers over their lifetimes for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving the Company or its subsidiaries in such a capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that should enable the Company to recover a portion of any amounts paid.
Unless otherwise noted, the Company has not recorded any significant liabilities for the letters of credit, indemnities and other guarantees noted above in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, either because the Company has recorded on its Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets the underlying liability associated with the guarantee, the guarantee is with respect to the Company’s own performance and is therefore not subject to the measurement requirements as prescribed by GAAP, or because the Company has calculated the estimated fair value of the indemnification or guarantee to be immaterial based on the current facts and circumstances that would trigger a payment under the indemnification clause. In addition, with respect to certain indemnifications, it is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these potential obligations due to the unique set of facts and circumstances likely to be involved in each particular claim and indemnification provision. Historically, payments made by the Company under these obligations have not been material.
As noted above, the Company makes certain indemnifications to licensees for their use of the Company’s trademarks and logos. The Company does not record any liabilities with respect to these indemnifications.
Additionally, the Company has entered into strategic long-term season pass alliance agreements with third-party mountain resorts in which the Company has committed to pay minimum revenue guarantees over the remaining terms of these agreements.
Self-Insurance
The Company is self-insured for claims under its U.S. health benefit plans and for the majority of workers’ compensation claims in the U.S. Workers compensation claims in the U.S. are subject to stop loss policies. The self-insurance liability related to workers’ compensation is determined actuarially based on claims filed. The self-insurance liability related to claims under
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the Company’s U.S. health benefit plans is determined based on analysis of actual claims. The amounts related to these claims are included as a component of accrued benefits in accounts payable and accrued liabilities (see Note 7, Supplementary Balance Sheet Information).
Legal
The Company is a party to various lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes the Company has adequate insurance coverage and/or has accrued for all loss contingencies for asserted and unasserted matters deemed to be probable and estimable losses. As of January 31, 2024, July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, the accruals for the above loss contingencies were not material individually or in the aggregate.
10. Segment Information
The Company has three reportable segments: Mountain, Lodging and Real Estate. The Company refers to “Resort” as the combination of the Mountain and Lodging segments. The Mountain segment includes the operations of the Company’s mountain resorts/ski areas and related ancillary activities. The Lodging segment includes the operations of the Company’s owned hotels, RockResorts, NPS concessioner properties, condominium management, Colorado resort ground transportation operations and mountain resort golf operations. The Real Estate segment owns, develops and sells real estate in and around the Company’s resort communities. The Company’s reportable segments, although integral to the success of the others, offer distinctly different products and services and require different types of management focus. As such, these segments are managed separately.
The Company reports its segment results using Reported EBITDA (defined as segment net revenue less segment operating expenses, plus segment equity investment income or loss, and for the Real Estate segment, plus gain or loss on sale of real property). The Company reports segment results in a manner consistent with management’s internal reporting of operating results to the chief operating decision maker (Chief Executive Officer) for purposes of evaluating segment performance.
Items excluded from Reported EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Reported EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or substitute for, net income, net change in cash and cash equivalents or other financial statement data presented in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity.
The Company utilizes Reported EBITDA in evaluating the performance of the Company and in allocating resources to its segments. Mountain Reported EBITDA consists of Mountain net revenue less Mountain operating expense plus Mountain equity investment income or loss. Lodging Reported EBITDA consists of Lodging net revenue less Lodging operating expense. Real Estate Reported EBITDA consists of Real Estate net revenue less Real Estate operating expense plus gain or loss on sale of real property. All segment expenses include an allocation of corporate administrative expense. Assets are not used to evaluate performance, except as shown in the table below. The accounting policies specific to each segment are the same as those described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
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The following table presents financial information by reportable segment, which is used by management in evaluating performance and allocating resources (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Six Months Ended January 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mountain | $ | 999,981 |  |  | $ | 1,013,442 |  |  | $ | 1,172,436 |  |  | $ | 1,215,159 |
Lodging | 77,817 |  |  | 80,577 |  |  | 159,638 |  |  | 158,194 |
Total Resort net revenue | 1,077,798 |  |  | 1,094,019 |  |  | 1,332,074 |  |  | 1,373,353 |
Real Estate | 160 |  |  | 7,699 |  |  | 4,449 |  |  | 7,812 |
Total net revenue | $ | 1,077,958 |  |  | $ | 1,101,718 |  |  | $ | 1,336,523 |  |  | $ | 1,381,165 |
Segment operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mountain | $ | 579,062 |  |  | $ | 614,633 |  |  | $ | 891,901 |  |  | $ | 908,829 |
Lodging | 73,111 |  |  | 84,630 |  |  | 155,168 |  |  | 166,604 |
Total Resort operating expense | 652,173 |  |  | 699,263 |  |  | 1,047,069 |  |  | 1,075,433 |
Real Estate | 1,676 |  |  | 6,310 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | 7,692 |
Total segment operating expense | $ | 653,849 |  |  | $ | 705,573 |  |  | $ | 1,053,926 |  |  | $ | 1,083,125 |
Gain on sale of real property | $ | — |  |  | $ | 757 |  |  | $ | 6,285 |  |  | $ | 757 |
Mountain equity investment (loss) income, net | $ | (579) |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 388 |
Reported EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mountain | $ | 420,340 |  |  | $ | 398,851 |  |  | $ | 280,815 |  |  | $ | 306,718 |
Lodging | 4,706 |  |  | (4,053) |  |  | 4,470 |  |  | (8,410) |
Resort | 425,046 |  |  | 394,798 |  |  | 285,285 |  |  | 298,308 |
Real Estate | (1,516) |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | 3,877 |  |  | 877 |
Total Reported EBITDA | $ | 423,530 |  |  | $ | 396,944 |  |  | $ | 289,162 |  |  | $ | 299,185 |
Real estate held for sale or investment | $ | 86,737 |  |  | $ | 90,354 |  |  | $ | 86,737 |  |  | $ | 90,354 |
Reconciliation from net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. to Total Reported EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 219,299 |  |  | $ | 208,679 |  |  | $ | 43,787 |  |  | $ | 71,708 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 10,506 |  |  | 11,440 |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | 4,851 |
Net income | 229,805 |  |  | 220,119 |  |  | 46,758 |  |  | 76,559 |
Provision for income taxes | 87,486 |  |  | 79,032 |  |  | 22,326 |  |  | 21,026 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 317,291 |  |  | 299,151 |  |  | 69,084 |  |  | 97,585 |
Depreciation and amortization | 69,399 |  |  | 65,989 |  |  | 136,127 |  |  | 130,603 |
Change in estimated fair value of contingent consideration | 3,400 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 6,457 |  |  | 1,736 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets and other, net | 758 |  |  | 1,780 |  |  | 2,801 |  |  | 1,786 |
Investment income and other, net | (4,863) |  |  | (7,108) |  |  | (8,547) |  |  | (9,994) |
Foreign currency (gain) loss on intercompany loans | (3,040) |  |  | (2,338) |  |  | 1,925 |  |  | 3,797 |
Interest expense, net | 40,585 |  |  | 38,370 |  |  | 81,315 |  |  | 73,672 |
Total Reported EBITDA | $ | 423,530 |  |  | $ | 396,944 |  |  | $ | 289,162 |  |  | $ | 299,185 |

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11. Share Repurchase Program
On March 9, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to 3,000,000 Vail Shares. On July 16, 2008, December 4, 2015 and March 7, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the authorization by an additional 3,000,000, 1,500,000 and 2,500,000 Vail Shares, respectively, for a total authorization to repurchase up to 10,000,000 Vail Shares. The Company did not repurchase any Vail Shares during the three months ended January 31, 2024. The Company repurchased 237,056 Vail Shares during the six months ended January 31, 2024 (at a total cost of approximately $50.0 million, excluding accrued excise tax). The Company did not repurchase any Vail Shares during the three and six months ended January 31, 2023. Since inception of its share repurchase program through January 31, 2024, the Company has repurchased 8,885,358 Vail Shares for approximately $1,029.5 million. As of January 31, 2024, 1,114,642 Vail Shares remained available to repurchase under the existing share repurchase program, which has no expiration date. Vail Shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program will be held as treasury shares and may be used for the issuance of Vail Shares under the Company’s employee share award plan.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Vail Resorts, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is referred to throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 31, 2024 (“Form 10-Q”) as “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company.”
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023 (“Form 10-K”) and the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements as of January 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the three and six months then ended, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, which provide additional information regarding our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. To the extent that the following MD&A contains statements which are not of a historical nature, such statements are forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements” below. These risks include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the risks described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Part I of our Form 10-K, which was filed on September 28, 2023.
The MD&A includes discussion of financial performance within each of our three segments. We have chosen to specifically include segment Reported EBITDA (defined as segment net revenue less segment operating expense, plus segment equity investment income or loss, and for the Real Estate segment, plus gain or loss on sale of real property) in the following discussion because we consider this measurement to be a significant indication of our financial performance. We utilize segment Reported EBITDA in evaluating our performance and in allocating resources to our segments. Net Debt (defined as long-term debt, net plus long-term debt due within one year less cash and cash equivalents) is included in the following discussion because we consider this measurement to be a significant indication of our available capital resources. We also believe that Net Debt is an important measurement as it is an indicator of our ability to obtain additional capital resources for our future cash needs. Resort Reported EBITDA (defined as the combination of segment Reported EBITDA of our Mountain and Lodging segments), Total Reported EBITDA (which is Resort Reported EBITDA plus segment Reported EBITDA from our Real Estate segment) and Net Debt are not measures of financial performance or liquidity defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Refer to the end of the Results of Operations section for a reconciliation of net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. to Total Reported EBITDA and Resort Reported EBITDA, and long-term debt, net to Net Debt.
Items excluded from Resort Reported EBITDA, Total Reported EBITDA and Net Debt are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance or liquidity. Resort Reported EBITDA, Total Reported EBITDA and Net Debt should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or substitute for, net income, net change in cash and cash equivalents or other financial statement data presented in the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because Resort Reported EBITDA, Total Reported EBITDA and Net Debt are not measurements determined in accordance with GAAP and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, Resort Reported EBITDA, Total Reported EBITDA and Net Debt, as presented herein, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. In addition, our segment Reported EBITDA (i.e., Mountain, Lodging and Real Estate), the measure of segment profit or loss required to be disclosed in accordance with GAAP, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
Overview
Our operations are grouped into three integrated and interdependent segments: Mountain, Lodging and Real Estate. We refer to “Resort” as the combination of the Mountain and Lodging segments.
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Mountain Segment
In the Mountain segment, the Company operates the following 41 destination mountain resorts and regional ski areas (collectively, “Resorts”):
*Denotes a destination mountain resort, which generally receives a meaningful portion of skier visits from long-distance travelers, as opposed to our regional ski areas, which tend to generate skier visits predominantly from their respective local markets.
Additionally, the Mountain segment includes ancillary services, primarily including ski school, dining and retail/rental operations, and for our Australian ski areas, including lodging and transportation operations. Mountain segment revenue is seasonal, with the majority of revenue earned from our North American and European ski operations occurring in our second and third fiscal quarters and the majority of revenue earned from our Australian ski operations occurring in our first and fourth fiscal quarters. Our North American and European Resorts typically experience their peak operating season for the Mountain segment from mid-December through mid-April, and our Australian ski areas typically experience their peak operating season from June to earl y October. Consequently, our first and fourth fiscal quarters are seasonally low periods as most of our North American and European ski operations are generally not open for business, and the activity of our Australian ski areas’ peak season and our North American and European summer operating results are not sufficient to offset the losses incurred during these seasonally low periods. Revenue of the Mountain segment during the first and fourth fiscal quarters is primarily generated from summer and group related visitation at our North American and European destination mountain resorts, retail/rental operations and peak season Australian ski operations. Our largest source of Mountain segment revenue is the sale of lift tickets (including pass products), which represented approximately 60% and 58% of Mountain segment net revenue for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Lift revenue is driven by volume and pricing. Pricing is impacted by absolute pricing, as well as both the demographic and geographic mix of guests, which impacts the price points at which various products are purchased. The demographic mix of guests that visit our North American Resorts is divided into two primary categories: (i) out-of-state and international (“Destination”) guests and (ii) in-state and local (“Local”) guests. The geographic mix depends on levels of visitation to our destination mountain resorts versus our regional ski areas. For the three months ended January 31, 2024, Destination guests comprised approximately 55% of our North American destination mountain resort skier visits (excluding complimentary access), while Local guests comprised approximately 45% of our North American destination mountain resort skier visits (excluding complimentary access), which compares to 54% and 46%, respectively, for the three months ended January 31, 2023. Skier visitation at our regional ski areas is largely comprised of Local guests. Destination guests generally purchase our higher-priced lift tickets (including pass products) and utilize more ancillary services such as ski school, dining and retail/rental, as well as lodging at or around our mountain resorts. Additionally, Destination guest visitation is less likely to be impacted by changes in the weather during the current season, but may be more impacted by adverse economic conditions, the global geopolitical climate, travel disruptions or weather conditions in the immediately preceding ski season. Local guests tend to be more value-oriented and weather-sensitive.
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We offer a variety of pass products for all of our Resorts, marketed toward both Destination and Local guests. Our pass product offerings range from providing access to one or a combination of our Resorts for a certain number of days to our Epic Pass, which allows pass holders unlimited and unrestricted access to all of our Resorts. The Epic Day Pass is a customizable one to seven day pass product purchased in advance of the season, for those skiers and riders who expect to ski a certain number of days during the season, and which is available in three tiers of resort access offerings. Our pass products provide a compelling value proposition to our guests, which in turn assists us in developing a loyal base of customers who commit to ski at our Resorts generally in advance of the ski season and typically ski more days each season at our Resorts than those guests who do not buy pass products. Additionally, we enter into strategic long-term pass alliance agreements with third-party mountain resorts, which further increase the value proposition of our pass products. For the 2024/2025 ski season, our pass alliances include Telluride Ski Resort in Colorado, Hakuba Valley and Rusutsu Resort in Japan, Resorts of the Canadian Rockies in Canada, Les 3 Vallées in France, Disentis Ski Area and Verbier 4 Vallées in Switzerland, Skirama Dolomiti in Italy and Ski Arlberg in Austria. Our pass program drives strong customer loyalty; mitigates exposure to more weather sensitive guests; generates additional ancillary spending; and provides cash flow in advance of winter season operations. In addition, our pass program attracts new guests to our Resorts. All of our pass products, including the Epic Pass and Epic Day Pass, are predominately sold prior to the start of the ski season. Pass product revenue, although primarily collected prior to the ski season, is recognized in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations throughout the ski season on a straight-line basis using the number of skiable days of the season-to-date period relative to the total estimated number of skiable days of the season.
Lift revenue consists of pass product lift revenue (“pass revenue”) and non-pass product lift revenue (“non-pass revenue”). For the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 74% and 70%, respectively, of our total lift revenue recognized was derived from pass revenue. Pass revenue recognized year to date, which is primarily recognized in our second fiscal quarter, represents approximately 50% and 51%, of our total North American pass product revenue for the 2023/2024 and 2022/2023 North American ski seasons, respectively, with the remaining North American pass revenue almost entirely recognized as lift revenue in our third fiscal quarter ending April 30. The decrease in the portion of pass product revenue recognized year to date compared to the prior year to date period is primarily the result of unfavorable early season conditions in the current year, which were impacted by limited natural snow and variable temperatures that resulted in delayed openings, compared with strong conditions in the prior year. This variability in Resort opening dates resulted in an approximately $14 million reduction of recognized pass revenue for the three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to what we would have recognized had our Resorts been able to open on the same schedule as they did in the prior year. This is a timing difference that will largely reverse during our third fiscal quarter.
The cost structure of our mountain resort operations has a significant fixed component with variable expenses including, but not limited to, land use permit or lease fees, credit card fees, retail/rental cost of sales and labor, ski school labor and dining operations; as such, profit margins can fluctuate greatly based on the level of revenues.
Lodging Segment
Operations within the Lodging segment include: (i) ownership/management of a group of luxury hotels through the RockResorts brand proximate to our Colorado and Utah mountain resorts; (ii) ownership/management of non-RockResorts branded hotels and condominiums proximate to our North American Resorts; (iii) National Park Service (“NPS”) concessioner properties, including the Grand Teton Lodge Company (“GTLC”); (iv) a Colorado resort ground transportation company; and (v) mountain resort golf courses.
The performance of our lodging properties (including managed condominium rooms) proximate to our Resorts, and our Colorado resort ground transportation company, are closely aligned with the performance of the Mountain segment and generally experience similar seasonal trends, particularly with respect to visitation by Destination guests. Revenues from such properties represented approximately 94% of Lodging segment net revenue (excluding Lodging segment revenue associated with the reimbursement of payroll costs) for both the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023. Management primarily focuses on Lodging net revenue excluding payroll cost reimbursements and Lodging operating expense excluding reimbursed payroll costs (which are not measures of financial performance under GAAP) as the reimbursements are made based upon the costs incurred with no added margin and as such, the revenue and corresponding expense do not affect our Lodging Reported EBITDA, which we use to evaluate Lodging segment performance. Revenue of the Lodging segment during our first and fourth fiscal quarters is generated primarily by the operations of our NPS concessioner properties (as their peak operating season generally occurs during the months of June to October), as well as golf operations and seasonally low operations from our other owned and managed properties and businesses.
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Real Estate Segment
The principal activities of our Real Estate segment include the sale of land parcels to third-party developers and planning for future real estate development projects, including zoning and acquisition of applicable permits. We continue undertaking preliminary planning and design work on future projects and are pursuing opportunities with third-party developers rather than undertaking our own significant vertical development projects. Additionally, real estate development projects by third-party developers most often result in the creation of certain resort assets that provide additional benefit to the Mountain segment. We believe that, due to our low carrying cost of real estate land investments, we are well situated to promote future projects by third-party developers while limiting our financial risk. Our revenue from the Real Estate segment and associated expense can fluctuate significantly based upon the timing of closings and the type of real estate being sold, causing volatility in the Real Estate segment’s operating results from period to period.
Recent Trends, Risks and Uncertainties
Together with those risk factors we have identified in our Form 10-K, we have identified the following important factors (as well as risks and uncertainties associated with such factors) that could impact our future financial performance or condition:
•Our results for the three months ended January 31, 2024 were negatively impacted by challenging conditions at all of our North American resorts, with approximately 42% lower snowfall across our western North American resorts through January compared to the same period in the prior year and limited natural snow and variable temperatures at our Eastern U.S. resorts (comprising the Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast). Despite the impacts of conditions, Resort Reported EBITDA increased approximately 8% for the three months ended January 31, 2024 as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by the stability created by our season pass results. While visitation declined, our ancillary businesses performed well, in particular our ski and ride school, dining and rental businesses experienced strong growth in spending per visit compared to the prior year.
•The timing and amount of snowfall can have an impact on Mountain and Lodging revenue, particularly with regard to skier visits and the duration and frequency of guest visitation. To help mitigate this impact, we sell a variety of pass products prior to the beginning of the ski season, which results in a more stabilized stream of lift revenue. Additionally, our pass products provide a compelling value proposition to our guests, which in turn create a guest commitment predominately prior to the start of the ski season. Pass revenue increased approximately $34.3 million, or 8.3%, for the three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to increased pass product sales for the 2023/2024 North American ski season compared to the 2022/2023 North American ski season, partially offset by the impact of delayed Resort opening dates in the current year (as discussed above). Deferred revenue related to North American pass product sales was approximately $457.0 million as of January 31, 2024 (compared to approximately $398.0 million as of January 31, 2023).
•The economies in the countries in which we operate and from which we attract our guests may be impacted by economic challenges associated with rising inflation, increasing or elevated interest rates, geopolitical conflicts and financial institution disruptions and/or fluctuating commodity prices that could adversely impact our business, including decreased guest spending or visitation or increased costs of operations. Skiing, travel and tourism are discretionary recreational activities that can entail a relatively high cost of participation. As a result, economic downturns and other negative impacts to consumer discretionary spending may have a pronounced impact on visitation to our Resorts. We cannot predict the extent to which we may be impacted by such potential economic challenges, whether in North America or globally.
•Given that we operate in the travel and leisure industry, we are subject to risks related to public health emergencies, including the potential outbreak and spread of contagious disease. Public health emergencies may lead to adverse economic impacts in global and local economies, including the economies in which we operate, which may in turn impact consumer demand, the willingness or ability of guests to travel, guest visitation, staffing levels or financial results. We cannot predict the ultimate impact that any potential public health emergency may have on our guest visitation, guest spending, staffing capabilities, other related trends or overall results of operations.
•As of January 31, 2024, we had $812.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, as well as $409.0 million available under the revolver component of our Eighth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2018 and as amended most recently on August 31, 2022 (the “Vail Holdings Credit Agreement”), which represents the total commitment of $500.0 million less certain letters of credit outstanding of $91.0 million. Additionally, we have a credit facility which supports the liquidity needs of Whistler Blackcomb (the “Whistler Credit Agreement”). As of January 31, 2024, we had C$296.6 million ($220.6 million) available under the revolver component of the Whistler Credit Agreement, which represents the total commitment of C$300.0 million ($223.2 million) less letters of credit
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outstanding of C$3.4 million ($2.6 million). We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, availability under our credit agreements and the expected positive cash flow from operating activities of our Mountain and Lodging segments less resort capital expenditures will continue to provide us with sufficient liquidity to fund our operations.
•On November 30, 2024, we announced that we had entered into an agreement to acquire Crans-Montana Mountain Resort (“Crans-Montana”) in Switzerland from CPI Property Group. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we will acquire (i) an 84% ownership stake in Remontées Mécaniques Crans Montana Aminona SA, which controls and operates all of the lifts and supporting mountain operations, including four retail and rental locations; (ii) an 80% ownership stake in SportLife AG, which operates one of the ski schools located at the resort; and (iii) 100% ownership of 11 restaurants located on and around the mountain. Subject to closing adjustments, the enterprise value of the resort operations is expected to be CHF 118.5 million. We expect to fund the purchase price for the acquired ownership interest of the resort operations through cash on hand when the transaction closes. We plan to include access to Crans-Montana on select Epic Pass products for the 2024/2025 ski season. We cannot predict the ultimate impact the acquisition of Crans-Montana will have on our future results of operations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary
Below is a summary of operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, compared to the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Six Months Ended January 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. |  | $ | 219,299 |  |  | $ | 208,679 |  |  | $ | 43,787 |  |  | $ | 71,708 |
Income before provision for income taxes |  | $ | 317,291 |  |  | $ | 299,151 |  |  | $ | 69,084 |  |  | $ | 97,585 |
Mountain Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 420,340 |  |  | $ | 398,851 |  |  | $ | 280,815 |  |  | $ | 306,718 |
Lodging Reported EBITDA |  | 4,706 |  |  | (4,053) |  |  | 4,470 |  |  | (8,410) |
Resort Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 425,046 |  |  | $ | 394,798 |  |  | $ | 285,285 |  |  | $ | 298,308 |
Real Estate Reported EBITDA |  | $ | (1,516) |  |  | $ | 2,146 |  |  | $ | 3,877 |  |  | $ | 877 |

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Mountain Segment
Three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2023
Mountain segment operating results for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by category as follows (in thousands, except effective ticket price (“ETP”)). ETP is calculated as lift revenue divided by total skier visits for each applicable period presented.

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Mountain net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |
Lift |  | $ | 603,459 |  |  | $ | 592,603 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Ski school |  | 126,629 |  |  | 123,451 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Dining |  | 82,060 |  |  | 85,828 |  |  | (4.4) | %
Retail/rental |  | 136,156 |  |  | 159,932 |  |  | (14.9) | %
Other |  | 51,677 |  |  | 51,628 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Total Mountain net revenue |  | 999,981 |  |  | 1,013,442 |  |  | (1.3) | %
Mountain operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Labor and labor-related benefits |  | 252,641 |  |  | 277,537 |  |  | (9.0) | %
Retail cost of sales |  | 41,177 |  |  | 48,197 |  |  | (14.6) | %
Resort related fees |  | 44,568 |  |  | 43,550 |  |  | 2.3 | %
General and administrative |  | 96,353 |  |  | 97,365 |  |  | (1.0) | %
Other |  | 144,323 |  |  | 147,984 |  |  | (2.5) | %
Total Mountain operating expense |  | 579,062 |  |  | 614,633 |  |  | (5.8) | %
Mountain equity investment (loss) income, net |  | (579) |  |  | 42 |  |  | (1,478.6) | %
Mountain Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 420,340 |  |  | $ | 398,851 |  |  | 5.4 | %
Total skier visits |  | 7,264 |  |  | 8,308 |  |  | (12.6) | %
ETP |  | $ | 83.08 |  |  | $ | 71.33 |  |  | 16.5 | %

Mountain Reported EBITDA includes $6.3 million and $5.7 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Mountain Reported EBITDA increased $21.5 million, or 5.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in North American pass product revenue, driven by an increase in pass product sales for the 2023/2024 North American ski season compared to the prior year, partially offset by the timing of recognition of pass product revenue, which resulted in an approximately $14 million decrease due to delayed openings for a number of our Resorts in the current year as a result of challenging early season conditions across our North American Resorts in all regions compared to strong early season conditions in the prior year. The challenging conditions also led to a decline in both Local and Destination skier visitation, which resulted in decreases for non-pass revenue and other ancillary lines of business, which were partially offset by decreases in labor and labor-related benefits and other variable expenses. Mountain segment results also include $2.1 million and $0.3 million of acquisition and integration related expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Lift revenue increased $10.9 million, or 1.8%, primarily due to an increase in pass revenue of 8.3%, which was primarily driven by an increase in pass product sales for the 2023/2024 North American ski season. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in non-pass revenue of 13.1%, driven by a decrease in skier visitation across all regions, which was impacted by limited natural snow and variable temperatures that resulted in delayed openings and reduced terrain offerings as compared to the prior year, and particularly impacted our resorts in the Eastern U.S. and Tahoe, partially offset by an increase in non-pass ETP of 10.8%.
Ski school revenue increased $3.2 million, or 2.6%, primarily driven by increased revenue at our resorts in Colorado and Park City, which benefited from an increase in guest spending per visit. Dining revenue decreased $3.8 million, or 4.4%, primarily due to decreased revenue from on-mountain dining venues at our resorts in the Eastern U.S. and Tahoe, partially offset by an increase in guest spending per visit. Retail/rental revenue decreased $23.8 million, or 14.9%, for which retail sales decreased $15.9 million, or 17.2%, and rental sales decreased $7.9 million, or 11.6%. The decrease in both retail and rental revenue was primarily driven by a decrease in skier visitation, as well as our exit of certain leased store operations which we operated in the prior year, which resulted in a reduction in revenue of approximately $8.4 million.
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Other revenue mainly consists of other mountain activities revenue, employee housing revenue, guest services revenue, commercial leasing revenue, marketing revenue, private club revenue (which includes both club dues and amortization of initiation fees), municipal services revenue and other recreation activity revenue.
Operating expense decreased $35.6 million, or 5.8%, which was primarily attributable to reduced labor hours at our North American Resorts as a result of challenging early season weather conditions including limited natural snow and variable temperatures that resulted in delayed openings and reduced terrain offerings which impacted our ability to operate at full capacity, as compared to the prior year, as well as lower variable expenses associated with decreased revenue, and disciplined cost management. Operating expense includes $2.1 million and $0.3 million of acquisition and integration related expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Labor and labor-related benefits decreased 9.0%, primarily due to reduced labor hours at our North American Resorts in the current year as a result of challenging early season weather conditions that impacted our ability to operate at full capacity, as well as disciplined cost management. Retail cost of sales decreased 14.6%, compared to a decrease in retail sales of 17.2%, reflecting decreased margins on retail products driven by higher sales of discounted inventory. Resort related fees increased 2.3% primarily as a result of an increase in revenues on which those fees are based. General and administrative expense decreased 1.0%, primarily due to a decrease in corporate overhead costs. Other expense decreased 2.5%, primarily due to decreases in variable operating expenses associated with decreased revenues, including supplies ($2.9 million) and dining cost of sales ($2.6 million), partially offset by an increase in acquisition and integration related expenses of $1.8 million and the impact of inflation.
Mountain equity investment (loss) income, net primarily includes our share of (loss) income from the operations of a real estate brokerage company.
Six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023
Mountain segment operating results for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by category as follows (in thousands, except ETP):

|  | Six Months Ended January 31, |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Mountain net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |
Lift |  | $ | 648,849 |  |  | $ | 652,143 |  |  | (0.5) | %
Ski school |  | 133,807 |  |  | 132,378 |  |  | 1.1 | %
Dining |  | 100,137 |  |  | 105,270 |  |  | (4.9) | %
Retail/rental |  | 169,630 |  |  | 200,276 |  |  | (15.3) | %
Other |  | 120,013 |  |  | 125,092 |  |  | (4.1) | %
Total Mountain net revenue |  | 1,172,436 |  |  | 1,215,159 |  |  | (3.5) | %
Mountain operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Labor and labor-related benefits |  | 364,690 |  |  | 385,582 |  |  | (5.4) | %
Retail cost of sales |  | 58,998 |  |  | 68,938 |  |  | (14.4) | %
Resort related fees |  | 48,263 |  |  | 47,181 |  |  | 2.3 | %
General and administrative |  | 189,521 |  |  | 180,654 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Other |  | 230,429 |  |  | 226,474 |  |  | 1.7 | %
Total Mountain operating expense |  | 891,901 |  |  | 908,829 |  |  | (1.9) | %
Mountain equity investment income, net |  | 280 |  |  | 388 |  |  | (27.8) | %
Mountain Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 280,815 |  |  | $ | 306,718 |  |  | (8.4) | %
Total skier visits |  | 7,922 |  |  | 9,301 |  |  | (14.8) | %
ETP |  | $ | 81.90 |  |  | $ | 70.12 |  |  | 16.8 | %

Mountain Reported EBITDA includes $12.2 million and $11.1 million of stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Mountain Reported EBITDA decreased $25.9 million, or 8.4%. The decrease was primarily driven by: (i) our Australian operations, which experienced weather-related challenges that impacted terrain during the 2023 Australian ski season, compared to record visitation and favorable snow conditions in the prior year season; (ii) challenging conditions at our Resorts across all regions during the 2023/2024 North American ski season compared to the strong early season conditions in the prior year, leading to a decline in both Local and Destination skier visitation, which resulted in decreases for non-pass revenue and other ancillary lines of business, partially offset by a decrease in labor and labor-related benefits; and (iii) a decrease in summer revenue at our North American Resorts, primarily as a result of decreased summer visitation from lower demand for summer mountain travel and weather related challenges compared to the prior year. Mountain Reported EBITDA also decreased as a result of an increase in general and administrative expenses (which includes the incremental impact of our prior year investments in employee wages), an increase in repairs and maintenance expense and the impact of inflation. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in pass product sales for the 2023/2024 North American ski season compared to the prior year, partially offset by the timing of recognition of pass product revenue, which resulted in an approximately $14 million decrease due to delayed openings for a number of our Resorts in the current year. Mountain segment results also include $4.0 million and $2.9 million of acquisition and integration related expenses for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As our North American Resorts primarily opened for ski season operations during our second fiscal quarter, certain components of Mountain segment net revenue, such as North American lift revenue, ski school revenue, dining revenue, and retail/rental revenue for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are materially unchanged as compared to those same components for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023. Accordingly, the primary basis for the changes to these components of our North American Resorts for the six months ended January 31, 2024 as compared to the prior period are discussed above under the section heading “Three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2023.” Additionally, with regard to the six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023, lift revenue decreased due to a decrease in paid lift revenue at our Australian resorts as a result of decreased visitation from weather-related disruptions and unfavorable snow conditions during the 2023 Australian ski season, compared to record visitation and favorable snow conditions in the prior year season. Ski school revenue and dining revenue also decreased due to decreased visitation at our Australian resorts, as a result of weather-related disruptions and unfavorable snow conditions in the current year, compared to record visitation and favorable snow conditions in the prior year. Additionally, the decrease in retail/rental revenue was also driven by a decrease in summer visitation at our North American Resorts, which drove decreased demand at our on-mountain retail locations, as well as a decrease in retail/rental revenue at our Australian stores.
Other revenue mainly consists of summer visitation, other mountain activities revenue, employee housing revenue, guest services revenue, commercial leasing revenue, marketing and internet advertising revenue, private club revenue (which includes both club dues and amortization of initiation fees), municipal services revenue and other recreation activity revenue. Other revenue also includes Australian resort lodging and transportation revenue. Other revenue decreased $5.1 million or 4.1%, primarily driven by our Australian operations, which experienced weather-related challenges that impacted terrain in the current year, compared to record visitation and favorable snow conditions in the prior year. Other revenue at our North American Resorts also declined as a result of decreased summer visitation from lower demand for summer mountain travel and weather related challenges compared to the prior year.
Operating expense decreased $16.9 million or 1.9%, which was primarily attributable to reduced labor hours at our North American Resorts in the current year as a result of challenging early season weather conditions, including limited natural snow and variable temperatures that resulted in delayed openings and reduced terrain offerings which impacted our ability to operate at full capacity, as well as disciplined cost management. Additionally, operating expense includes $4.0 million and $2.9 million of acquisition and integration related expenses for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Labor and labor-related benefits decreased 5.4%, primarily attributable to reduced labor hours at our North American Resorts in the current year as a result of challenging early season weather conditions that impacted our ability to operate at full capacity, as well as disciplined cost management. Retail cost of sales decreased 14.4%, compared to a decrease in retail sales of 16.8%, reflecting decreased margins on retail products driven by higher sales of discounted inventory. Resort related fees increased 2.3% primarily as a result of an increase in revenues on which those fees are based. General and administrative expense increased 4.9%, primarily due to an increase in corporate overhead costs across nearly all corporate functions (which includes the incremental impact of our prior year investments in employee wages, which went into effect in October 2022), as well as an increase in marketing expense to drive incremental 2023/2024 North American pass product sales. Other expense increased 1.7%, primarily due to increased repairs and maintenance expense ($3.6 million), property taxes ($2.3 million), acquisition and integration related expenses ($1.1 million), tax and licensing fees ($1.0 million) and employee housing expenses ($1.0 million), including the impact of inflation, partially offset by decreased variable expenses associated with decreased revenues, including dining cost of sales ($3.8 million) and fuel ($1.8 million).
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Mountain equity investment income, net primarily includes our share of income from the operations of a real estate brokerage company.
Lodging Segment
Three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2023
Lodging segment operating results for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by category as follows (in thousands, except average daily rates (“ADR”) and revenue per available room (“RevPAR”)):

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Lodging net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |
Owned hotel rooms |  | $ | 13,583 |  |  | $ | 13,479 |  |  | 0.8 | %
Managed condominium rooms |  | 28,308 |  |  | 31,336 |  |  | (9.7) | %
Dining |  | 13,609 |  |  | 13,184 |  |  | 3.2 | %
Transportation |  | 6,405 |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | 8.8 | %
Other |  | 11,417 |  |  | 11,700 |  |  | (2.4) | %
|  | 73,322 |  |  | 75,587 |  |  | (3.0) | %
Payroll cost reimbursements |  | 4,495 |  |  | 4,990 |  |  | (9.9) | %
Total Lodging net revenue |  | 77,817 |  |  | 80,577 |  |  | (3.4) | %
Lodging operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Labor and labor-related benefits |  | 33,151 |  |  | 39,497 |  |  | (16.1) | %
General and administrative |  | 16,361 |  |  | 19,251 |  |  | (15.0) | %
Other |  | 19,104 |  |  | 20,892 |  |  | (8.6) | %
|  | 68,616 |  |  | 79,640 |  |  | (13.8) | %
Reimbursed payroll costs |  | 4,495 |  |  | 4,990 |  |  | (9.9) | %
Total Lodging operating expense |  | 73,111 |  |  | 84,630 |  |  | (13.6) | %
Lodging Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 4,706 |  |  | $ | (4,053) |  |  | 216.1 | %
Owned hotel statistics: |  |  |  |  |  |
ADR |  | $ | 317.51 |  |  | $ | 337.16 |  |  | (5.8) | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 140.65 |  |  | $ | 145.48 |  |  | (3.3) | %
Managed condominium statistics: |  |  |  |  |  |
ADR |  | $ | 522.29 |  |  | $ | 514.29 |  |  | 1.6 | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 164.43 |  |  | $ | 171.81 |  |  | (4.3) | %
Owned hotel and managed condominium statistics (combined): |  |  |  |  |  |
ADR |  | $ | 463.26 |  |  | $ | 469.72 |  |  | (1.4) | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 159.13 |  |  | $ | 166.37 |  |  | (4.4) | %

Lodging Reported EBITDA includes $0.9 million and $1.1 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Lodging Reported EBITDA increased $8.8 million, or 216.1%. Revenue from managed condominium rooms decreased $3.0 million, or 9.7%, primarily due to decreased demand, including the impact of decreased skier visitation driven by challenging weather conditions, as well as a reduction in our inventory of available managed condominium rooms proximate to our mountain resorts.
Operating expense (excluding reimbursed payroll costs) decreased 13.8%. Labor and labor-related benefits decreased 16.1%, primarily due to a reduction in labor hours associated with decreased demand, as well as lower staffing required to support a reduced inventory of managed condominium rooms. General and administrative expense decreased 15.0% compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in corporate overhead costs across nearly all corporate functions. Other expense decreased 8.6%, primarily due to the receipt of property tax refunds during the three months ended January 31, 2024.
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Revenue from payroll cost reimbursement and the corresponding reimbursed payroll costs relate to payroll costs at managed hotel properties where we are the employer and all payroll costs are reimbursed by the owners of the properties under contractual arrangements. Since the reimbursements are made based upon the costs incurred with no added margin, the revenue and corresponding expense have no effect on our Lodging Reported EBITDA.
Six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023
Lodging segment operating results for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by category as follows (in thousands, except ADR and RevPAR):

|  | Six Months Ended January 31, |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Lodging net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |
Owned hotel rooms |  | $ | 38,760 |  |  | $ | 37,044 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Managed condominium rooms |  | 40,311 |  |  | 44,195 |  |  | (8.8) | %
Dining |  | 31,692 |  |  | 30,013 |  |  | 5.6 | %
Transportation |  | 7,910 |  |  | 7,348 |  |  | 7.6 | %
Golf |  | 6,471 |  |  | 5,939 |  |  | 9.0 | %
Other |  | 26,540 |  |  | 24,988 |  |  | 6.2 | %
|  | 151,684 |  |  | 149,527 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Payroll cost reimbursements |  | 7,954 |  |  | 8,667 |  |  | (8.2) | %
Total Lodging net revenue |  | 159,638 |  |  | 158,194 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Lodging operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Labor and labor-related benefits |  | 70,626 |  |  | 76,412 |  |  | (7.6) | %
General and administrative |  | 31,218 |  |  | 34,761 |  |  | (10.2) | %
Other |  | 45,370 |  |  | 46,764 |  |  | (3.0) | %
|  | 147,214 |  |  | 157,937 |  |  | (6.8) | %
Reimbursed payroll costs |  | 7,954 |  |  | 8,667 |  |  | (8.2) | %
Total Lodging operating expense |  | 155,168 |  |  | 166,604 |  |  | (6.9) | %
Lodging Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 4,470 |  |  | $ | (8,410) |  |  | 153.2 | %
Owned hotel statistics: |  |  |  |  |  |
ADR |  | $ | 308.89 |  |  | $ | 297.69 |  |  | 3.8 | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 151.64 |  |  | $ | 151.19 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Managed condominium statistics: |  |  |  |  |  |
ADR |  | $ | 403.05 |  |  | $ | 405.00 |  |  | (0.5) | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 106.98 |  |  | $ | 112.21 |  |  | (4.7) | %
Owned hotel and managed condominium statistics (combined): |  |  |  |  |  |
ADR |  | $ | 365.67 |  |  | $ | 365.05 |  |  | 0.2 | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 118.73 |  |  | $ | 121.74 |  |  | (2.5) | %

Lodging Reported EBITDA includes $1.8 million and $2.0 million of stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Lodging Reported EBITDA increased $12.9 million, or 153.2%, driven by a decrease in labor and labor-related benefits primarily associated with strong cost management in the current year, as well as a decrease in general and administrative expense.
Revenue from owned hotel rooms increased $1.7 million, or 4.6%, primarily due to an increase in ADR at GTLC. Revenue from managed condominium rooms decreased $3.9 million, or 8.8%, primarily due to decreased demand, including the impact of decreased skier visitation driven by challenging weather conditions, as well as a reduction in our inventory of available managed condominium rooms proximate to our mountain resorts. Dining revenue increased $1.7 million, or 5.6%, and other
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revenue increased $1.6 million, or 6.2%, each primarily due to improved park visitation at GTLC, driven by positive weather conditions which enabled increased ancillary product sales.
Operating expense (excluding reimbursed payroll costs) decreased 6.8%. Labor and labor-related benefits decreased 7.6%, primarily due to a reduction in labor hours associated with decreased demand, as well as lower staffing required to support a reduced inventory of managed condominium rooms. General and administrative expense decreased 10.2%, primarily due to a decrease in corporate overhead costs across nearly all corporate functions. Other expense decreased 3.0%, primarily due to the receipt of property tax refunds during the three months ended January 31, 2024.
Revenue from payroll cost reimbursement and the corresponding reimbursed payroll costs relate to payroll costs at managed hotel properties where we are the employer and all payroll costs are reimbursed by the owners of the properties under contractual arrangements. Since the reimbursements are made based upon the costs incurred with no added margin, the revenue and corresponding expense have no effect on our Lodging Reported EBITDA.
Real Estate Segment
Our Real Estate net revenue is primarily determined by the timing of closings and the mix of real estate sold in any given period. Different types of projects have different revenue and profit margins; therefore, as the real estate inventory mix changes, it can greatly impact Real Estate segment net revenue, operating expense, gain or loss on sale of real property and Real Estate Reported EBITDA.
Three months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2023
Real Estate segment operating results for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by category as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Total Real Estate net revenue |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 7,699 |  |  | (97.9) | %
Real Estate operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | — |  |  | 5,146 |  |  | (100.0) | %
Other |  | 1,676 |  |  | 1,164 |  |  | 44.0 | %
Total Real Estate operating expense |  | 1,676 |  |  | 6,310 |  |  | (73.4) | %
Gain on sale of real property |  | — |  |  | 757 |  |  | (100.0) | %
Real Estate Reported EBITDA |  | $ | (1,516) |  |  | $ | 2,146 |  |  | (170.6) | %

We did not close on any significant real estate transactions during the three months ended January 31, 2024. During the three months ended January 31, 2023, we closed on the sale of a land parcel in Keystone for $7.5 million, which was recorded within Real Estate net revenue, with a corresponding cost of sale of $5.1 million.
Other operating expense for both the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 was primarily comprised of general and administrative costs, such as labor and labor-related benefits, professional services and corporate overhead costs.
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Six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023
Real Estate segment operating results for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by category as follows (in thousands):

|  | Six Months Ended January 31, |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Total Real Estate net revenue |  | $ | 4,449 |  |  | $ | 7,812 |  |  | (43.0) | %
Real Estate operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | 3,607 |  |  | 5,146 |  |  | (29.9) | %
Other |  | 3,250 |  |  | 2,546 |  |  | 27.7 | %
Total Real Estate operating expense |  | 6,857 |  |  | 7,692 |  |  | (10.9) | %
Gain on sale of real property |  | 6,285 |  |  | 757 |  |  | 730.3 | %
Real Estate Reported EBITDA |  | $ | 3,877 |  |  | $ | 877 |  |  | 342.1 | %

During the six months ended January 31, 2024, we closed on the sale of a land parcel in Keystone, CO for $4.2 million, which was recorded within Real Estate net revenue, with a corresponding cost of sale of $3.6 million. Additionally, we recorded a gain on sale of real property for $6.3 million related to a land parcel sale in Beaver Creek, CO, which closed for proceeds of $6.5 million during the six months ended January 31, 2024. During the six months ended January 31, 2023, we closed on the sale of a land parcel in Keystone for $7.5 million, which was recorded within Real Estate net revenue, with a corresponding cost of sale of $5.1 million.
Other operating expense for both the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 was primarily comprised of general and administrative costs, such as labor and labor-related benefits, professional services and corporate overhead costs.
Other Items
In addition to segment operating results, the following material items contributed to our overall financial results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Six Months Ended January 31, |  | Increase (Decrease)
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | (69,399) |  |  | $ | (65,989) |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | $ | (136,127) |  |  | $ | (130,603) |  |  | 4.2 | %
Interest expense, net | $ | (40,585) |  |  | $ | (38,370) |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | $ | (81,315) |  |  | $ | (73,672) |  |  | 10.4 | %
Provision for income taxes | $ | (87,486) |  |  | $ | (79,032) |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | $ | (22,326) |  |  | $ | (21,026) |  |  | 6.2 | %
Effective tax rate | 27.6 | % |  | 26.4 | % |  | 1.2 pts |  | 32.3 | % |  | 21.5 | % |  | 10.8 pts

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense for the six months ended January 31, 2024 increased $5.5 million compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to capital projects completed at our Resorts during the prior capital year.
Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net for the six months ended January 31, 2024 increased $7.6 million compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to an increase in variable interest rates associated with the unhedged portion of our term loan borrowings under the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement.
Provision for income taxes. At the end of each interim period, the Company estimates the annual effective tax rate and applies that rate to its ordinary quarterly earnings. The tax expense or benefit related to significant, unusual or extraordinary items that will be separately reported or reported net of their related tax effect are individually computed and recognized in the interim period in which those items occur. In addition, the effects of changes in enacted tax laws or rates or tax status are recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 was 27.6% and 32.3%, respectively, compared to 26.4% and 21.5% for the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, respectively.
The increase in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the three and six months ended January 31, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in net unfavorable discrete items impacting the tax provision in the current period, including a reduction in deferred tax assets of $4.8 million. The increase in the effective tax rate for the six
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months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023 was also due to a decrease in the impact of the lapse of the statute of limitations for an uncertain tax position compared to the prior year period ($6.3 million).
Reconciliation of Segment Earnings and Net Debt
The following table reconciles net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. to Total Reported EBITDA for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended January 31, |  | Six Months Ended January 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income attributable to Vail Resorts, Inc. | $ | 219,299 |  |  | $ | 208,679 |  |  | $ | 43,787 |  |  | $ | 71,708 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 10,506 |  |  | 11,440 |  |  | 2,971 |  |  | 4,851 |
Net income | 229,805 |  |  | 220,119 |  |  | 46,758 |  |  | 76,559 |
Provision for income taxes | 87,486 |  |  | 79,032 |  |  | 22,326 |  |  | 21,026 |
Income before provision for income taxes | 317,291 |  |  | 299,151 |  |  | 69,084 |  |  | 97,585 |
Depreciation and amortization | 69,399 |  |  | 65,989 |  |  | 136,127 |  |  | 130,603 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets and other, net | 758 |  |  | 1,780 |  |  | 2,801 |  |  | 1,786 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 3,400 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 6,457 |  |  | 1,736 |
Investment income and other, net | (4,863) |  |  | (7,108) |  |  | (8,547) |  |  | (9,994) |
Foreign currency (gain) loss on intercompany loans | (3,040) |  |  | (2,338) |  |  | 1,925 |  |  | 3,797 |
Interest expense, net | 40,585 |  |  | 38,370 |  |  | 81,315 |  |  | 73,672 |
Total Reported EBITDA | $ | 423,530 |  |  | $ | 396,944 |  |  | $ | 289,162 |  |  | $ | 299,185 |
Mountain Reported EBITDA | $ | 420,340 |  |  | $ | 398,851 |  |  | $ | 280,815 |  |  | $ | 306,718 |
Lodging Reported EBITDA | 4,706 |  |  | (4,053) |  |  | 4,470 |  |  | (8,410) |
Resort Reported EBITDA | 425,046 |  |  | 394,798 |  |  | 285,285 |  |  | 298,308 |
Real Estate Reported EBITDA | (1,516) |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | 3,877 |  |  | 877 |
Total Reported EBITDA | $ | 423,530 |  |  | $ | 396,944 |  |  | $ | 289,162 |  |  | $ | 299,185 |

The following table reconciles long-term debt, net to Net Debt (in thousands):

|  | January 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Long-term debt, net |  | $ | 2,721,598 |  |  | $ | 2,789,827 |
Long-term debt due within one year |  | 69,135 |  |  | 69,582 |
Total debt |  | 2,790,733 |  |  | 2,859,409 |
Less: cash and cash equivalents |  | 812,163 |  |  | 1,295,252 |
Net Debt |  | $ | 1,978,570 |  |  | $ | 1,564,157 |

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Changes in significant sources of cash for the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented by categories as follows (in thousands).

| Six Months Ended January 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 571,161 |  |  | $ | 605,493 |  |  |  |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (66,079) |  |  | $ | (206,025) |  |  |  |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (251,177) |  |  | $ | (201,377) |  |  |  |

Six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023
We generated $571.2 million of cash from operating activities during the six months ended January 31, 2024, a decrease of $34.3 million compared to $605.5 million generated during the six months ended January 31, 2023. The decrease in operating cash flows was primarily a result of an increase in income tax payments of approximately $36.0 million for the six months ended January 31, 2024 as compared to the prior year, driven by amounts in the prior year which offset our estimated payments made during the six months ended January 31, 2023, and did not recur in the current year period, including overpayments, net operating loss carryforwards and other deductions.
Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2024 decreased by $139.9 million primarily due to (i) prior year short-term bank deposit investments of $86.8 million, which were invested in deposits with maturity dates of more than three months at the date of purchase and were therefore not reflected as cash equivalents as of January 31, 2023, of which $57.6 million matured in the current year and were either not reinvested or were reinvested in deposits with original maturities of three months or less; (ii) a decrease in capital expenditures of approximately $76.3 million as compared to the prior year, driven by our significant investments in lift upgrades during calendar year 2022; and (iii) $38.6 million of cash paid to Andermatt Swiss Alps AG upon closing the acquisition of Andermatt-Sedrun, net of cash acquired, on August 3, 2022. This increase was partially offset by the return of a cash deposit of approximately $114.5 million (CHF 110.0 million) originally made in July 2022 in conjunction with the acquisition of Andermatt-Sedrun, which closed on August 3, 2022. The cash deposit was invested into Andermatt-Sedrun, which is consolidated in our consolidated condensed financial statements subsequent to the acquisition being completed.
Cash used in financing activities increased by $49.8 million during the six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase in repurchases of common stock of $50.0 million.
Significant Sources of Cash
We had $812.2 million of cash and cash equivalents as of January 31, 2024, compared to $1,295.3 million as of January 31, 2023, and the decrease was primarily due to approximately $550 million of share repurchases during the last twelve months. We currently anticipate that our Mountain and Lodging segment operating results will continue to provide a significant source of future operating cash flows (primarily generated in our second and third fiscal quarters).
In addition to our $812.2 million of cash and cash equivalents at January 31, 2024, we had $409.0 million available under the revolver component of our Vail Holdings Credit Agreement as of January 31, 2024 (which represents the total commitment of $500.0 million less outstanding letters of credit of $91.0 million). Additionally, we had C$296.6 million ($220.6 million) available under the revolver component of our Whistler Credit Agreement (which represents the total commitment of C$300.0 million ($223.2 million) less certain outstanding letters of credit of C$3.4 million ($2.6 million)). We expect that our liquidity needs in the near term will be met by continued use of our existing cash and cash equivalents, operating cash flows and borrowings under both the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement and Whistler Credit Agreement, if needed. The Vail Holdings Credit Agreement and the Whistler Credit Agreement provide adequate flexibility with any new borrowings currently priced at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 1.60% and Bankers Acceptance Rate plus 1.75%, respectively.
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Significant Uses of Cash
Capital Expenditures
We have historically invested significant amounts of cash in capital expenditures for our resort operations, and we expect to continue to do so, subject to operating performance particularly as it relates to discretionary projects. Currently planned capital expenditures primarily include investments that will allow us to maintain our high-quality standards for the guest experience, as well as certain incremental discretionary improvements at our Resorts, throughout our owned hotels and in technology that can impact the full network. We evaluate additional discretionary capital improvements based on an expected level of return on investment.
We expect our capital plan for calendar year 2024 will be approximately $189 million to $194 million, excluding $13 million of incremental capital investments in premium fleet and fulfillment infrastructure to support the official launch of My Epic Gear for the 2024/2025 winter season at 12 destination mountain resorts and regional ski areas across North America, $11 million of growth capital investments at Andermatt-Sedrun and $1 million of reimbursable capital. Including My Epic Gear and one-time investments, our total capital plan for calendar year 2024 is expected to be approximately $214 million to $219 million. Included in these estimated capital expenditures are approximately $117 million to $122 million of maintenance capital expenditures, which are necessary to maintain appearance and level of service appropriate to our resorts. We currently plan to utilize cash on hand, borrowings available under our credit agreements and/or cash flow generated from future operations to provide the cash necessary to complete our capital plans.
Debt
As of January 31, 2024, principal payments on the majority of our long-term debt ($2.1 billion of the total $2.8 billion debt outstanding as of January 31, 2024) are not due until fiscal year 2026 and beyond. As of January 31, 2024 and 2023, total long-term debt, net (including long-term debt due within one year) was $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively. Net Debt (defined as long-term debt, net plus long-term debt due within one year less cash and cash equivalents) increased from $1.6 billion as of January 31, 2023 to $2.0 billion as of January 31, 2024. The increase was primarily associated with approximately $550 million of share repurchases during the last twelve months.
As of January 31, 2024, the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement provides for (i) a revolving loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500.0 million and (ii) a term loan of $1.0 billion. We expect that our liquidity needs in the near term will be met by continued use of our existing cash and cash equivalents, operating cash flows and borrowings under both the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement and Whistler Credit Agreement, if needed.
Our debt service requirements can be impacted by changing interest rates as we had approximately $0.7 billion of variable-rate debt outstanding as of January 31, 2024. A 100-basis point change in our borrowing rates would cause our annual interest payments to change by approximately $7.4 million. Additionally, the annual payments associated with the financing of the Canyons Resort transaction increase by the greater of CPI less 1%, or 2%. The fluctuation in our debt service requirements, in addition to interest rate and inflation changes, may be impacted by future borrowings under our credit agreements or other alternative financing arrangements we may enter into. Our long term liquidity needs depend upon operating results that impact the borrowing capacity under our credit agreements. We can respond to liquidity impacts of changes in the business and economic environment by managing our capital expenditures, variable operating expenses, the timing of new real estate development activity and the payment of cash dividends on our common stock.
Dividend Payments
On March 7, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $2.22 per share payable on April 11, 2024 to stockholders of record as of March 28, 2024. During the six months ended January 31, 2024, we paid cash dividends of $4.12 per share ($156.7 million). During the six months ended January 31, 2023, we paid cash dividends of $3.82 per share ($154.0 million). We funded these dividends with available cash on hand. The amount, if any, of dividends to be paid in the future will depend on our available cash on hand, anticipated cash needs, overall financial condition, restrictions contained in our Vail Holdings Credit Agreement, future prospects for earnings and cash flows, as well as other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors.
Share Repurchase Program
Our share repurchase program is conducted under authorizations made from time to time by our Board of Directors. On March 9, 2006, our Board of Directors initially authorized the repurchase of up to 3,000,000 shares of Vail Resorts common stock (“Vail Shares”) and later authorized additional repurchases of up to 3,000,000 Vail Shares (July 16, 2008), 1,500,000 Vail
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Shares (December 4, 2015) and 2,500,000 Vail Shares (March 7, 2023), for a total authorization to repurchase up to 10,000,000 Vail Shares. During the six months ended January 31, 2024, we repurchased 237,056 shares (at an average cost of $210.92) for a total cost of approximately $50.0 million, excluding accrued excise tax. We funded the share repurchases with available cash on hand. We did not repurchase any Vail Shares during the six months ended January 31, 2023. Since inception of this stock repurchase program through January 31, 2024, we have repurchased 8,885,358 Vail Shares at a cost of approximately $1,029.5 million. As of January 31, 2024, 1,114,642 Vail Shares remained available to repurchase under the existing repurchase authorization. Vail Shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program will be held as treasury shares and may be used for the issuance of shares under our share award plan. Repurchases under the program may be made from time to time at prevailing prices as permitted by applicable laws, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The timing as well as the number of Vail Shares that may be repurchased under the program will depend on several factors, including our future financial performance, our available cash resources and competing uses for cash that may arise in the future, the restrictions in our Vail Holdings Credit Agreement, prevailing prices of Vail Shares and the number of Vail Shares that become available for repurchase at prices that we believe are attractive. The share repurchase program has no expiration date.
Covenants and Limitations
We must abide by certain restrictive financial covenants under our credit agreements. The most restrictive of those covenants include the following covenants: for the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement, Net Funded Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio, Secured Net Funded Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio and the Interest Coverage ratio (each as defined in the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement); for the Whistler Credit Agreement, Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio and Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (each as defined in the Whistler Credit Agreement); and for the EPR Secured Notes, Maximum Leverage Ratio and Consolidated Fixed Charge Ratio (each as defined in the EPR Agreements). Additionally, the New Regional Policy loan between Andermatt-Sedrun and the Canton of Uri and Canton of Graubünden dated June 24, 2016 includes restrictive covenants requiring certain minimum financial results (as defined in the agreement). In addition, our financing arrangements limit our ability to make certain restricted payments, pay dividends on or redeem or repurchase stock, make certain investments and make certain affiliate transfers, and may limit our ability to enter into certain mergers, consolidations or sales of assets and incur certain indebtedness. Our borrowing availability under the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement is primarily determined by the Net Funded Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio, which is based on our segment operating performance, as defined in the Vail Holdings Credit Agreement. Our borrowing availability under the Whistler Credit Agreement is primarily determined based on the commitment size of the credit facility and our compliance with the terms of the Whistler Credit Agreement.
We were in compliance with all restrictive financial covenants in our debt instruments as of January 31, 2024. We expect that we will meet all applicable financial maintenance covenants in effect in our credit agreements through the next twelve months. However, there can be no assurance we will meet such financial covenants. If such covenants are not met, we would be required to seek a waiver or amendment from the banks participating in the credit agreements. There can be no assurance that such waivers or amendments would be granted, which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We do not have off balance sheet transactions that are expected to have a material effect on our financial condition, revenue, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as reported in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Except for any historical information contained herein, the matters discussed or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-Q contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements relate to analyses and other information available as of the date hereof, which are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements also relate to our contemplated future prospects, developments and business strategies.
These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will” and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
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•the economy generally, and our business and results of operations, including the ultimate amount of refunds that we would be required to refund to our pass product holders for qualifying circumstances under our Epic Coverage program;
•prolonged weakness in general economic conditions, including adverse effects on the overall travel and leisure related industries;
•risks associated with the effects of high or prolonged inflation, rising interest rates and financial institution disruptions;
•unfavorable weather conditions or the impact of natural disasters or other unexpected events;
•the willingness or ability of our guests to travel due to terrorism, the uncertainty of military conflicts or public health emergencies, and the cost and availability of travel options and changing consumer preferences, discretionary spending habits or willingness to travel;
•risks related to travel and airline disruptions, and other adverse impacts on the ability of our guests to travel;
•risks related to interruptions or disruptions of our information technology systems, data security or cyberattacks;
•risks related to our reliance on information technology, including our failure to maintain the integrity of our customer or employee data and our ability to adapt to technological developments or industry trends;
•our ability to acquire, develop and implement relevant technology offerings for customers and partners;
•the seasonality of our business combined with adverse events that may occur during our peak operating periods;
•competition in our mountain and lodging businesses or with other recreational and leisure activities;
•risks related to the high fixed cost structure of our business;
•our ability to fund resort capital expenditures;
•risks related to a disruption in our water supply that would impact our snowmaking capabilities and operations;
•our reliance on government permits or approvals for our use of public land or to make operational and capital improvements;
•risks related to federal, state, local and foreign government laws, rules and regulations, including environmental and health and safety laws and regulations;
•risks related to changes in security and privacy laws and regulations which could increase our operating costs and adversely affect our ability to market our products, properties and services effectively;
•potential failure to adapt to technological developments or industry trends regarding information technology;
•our ability to successfully launch and promote adoption of new products, technology, services and programs;
•risks related to our workforce, including increased labor costs, loss of key personnel and our ability to maintain adequate staffing, including hiring and retaining a sufficient seasonal workforce;
•a deterioration in the quality or reputation of our brands, including our ability to protect our intellectual property and the risk of accidents at our mountain resorts;
•risks related to scrutiny and changing expectations regarding our environmental, social and governance practices and reporting;
•our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses, including their integration into our internal controls and infrastructure; our ability to successfully navigate new markets, including Europe; or that acquired businesses may fail to perform in accordance with expectations;
•risks associated with international operations;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates where the Company has foreign currency exposure, primarily the Canadian and Australian dollars and the Swiss franc, as compared to the U.S. dollar;
•changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations, or adverse determinations by taxing authorities;
•risks related to our indebtedness and our ability to satisfy our debt service requirements under our outstanding debt including our unsecured senior notes, which could reduce our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures, future business opportunities and other purposes;
•a materially adverse change in our financial condition;
•adverse consequences of current or future litigation and legal claims;
•changes in accounting judgments and estimates, accounting principles, policies or guidelines; and
•other risks and uncertainties included under Part 1. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or any persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements.
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If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those expected, estimated or projected. Given these uncertainties, users of the information included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-Q, including investors and prospective investors, are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements that we make for a number of reasons including those described above and in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof. Except as may be required by law, we do not intend to update these forward-looking statements, even if new information, future events or other circumstances have made them incorrect or misleading.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to market risk is limited primarily to the fluctuating interest rates associated with variable rate indebtedness. As of January 31, 2024, we had approximately $0.7 billion of variable rate indebtedness (after taking into consideration $400.0 million in interest rate swaps which converts variable-rate debt to fixed-rate debt), representing approximately 26.6% of our total debt outstanding, at an average interest rate during the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 of approximately 6.9%. Based on variable-rate borrowings outstanding as of January 31, 2024, a 100-basis point (or 1.0%) change in our borrowing rates would result in our annual interest payments changing by approximately $7.4 million. Our market risk exposure fluctuates based on changes in underlying interest rates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk. We are exposed to currency translation risk because the results of our international entities are reported in local currency, which we then translate to U.S. dollars for inclusion in our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. As a result, changes between the foreign exchange rates, in particular the Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and Swiss franc compared to the U.S. dollar, affect the amounts we record for our foreign assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and could have a negative effect on our financial results. Additionally, we also have foreign currency transaction exposure from an intercompany loan to Whistler Blackcomb that is not deemed to be permanently invested, which has and could materially change due to fluctuations in the Canadian dollar exchange rate. The results of Whistler Blackcomb are reported in Canadian dollars, the results of our Australian resorts are reported in Australian dollars and the results of Andermatt-Sedrun are reported in Swiss francs, each of which we then translate to U.S. dollars for inclusion in our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. We do not currently enter into hedging arrangements to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on our operations.
The following table summarizes the amounts of foreign currency translation adjustments, representing losses, and foreign currency loss on intercompany loans recognized in comprehensive income (in thousands).

| Six Months Ended January 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign currency translation adjustments | $ | (21,212) |  |  | $ | (35,340) |
Foreign currency loss on intercompany loans | $ | (1,925) |  |  | $ | (3,797) |

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management of the Company, under the supervision and with participation of the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Based upon their evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, the CEO and the CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms.
The Company, including its CEO and CFO, does not expect that the Company’s controls and procedures will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
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Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended January 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are a party to various lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that we have adequate insurance coverage and/or have accrued for all loss contingencies for asserted and unasserted matters and that, although the ultimate outcome of such claims cannot be ascertained, current pending and threatened claims are not expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Form 10-K, which was filed on September 28, 2023 as of and for the year ended July 31, 2023.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Director and Officer Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended January 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or “officers” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” (each as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
39

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are either filed or furnished herewith or, if so indicated, incorporated by reference to the documents indicated in parentheses, which have previously been filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Exhibit Number | Description
10.1 | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vail Resorts, Inc., dated February 2, 2024. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 on Form 8-K of Vail Resorts, Inc. filed on February 6, 2024) (File No. 001-09614).
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file as its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH | XBRL Schema Document.
101.CAL | XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB | XBRL Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 | The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in inline XBRL.

40

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Vail Resorts, Inc.
Date: March 11, 2024 | By: | /s/ Angela A. Korch
|  | Angela A. Korch
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: March 11, 2024 | By: | /s/ Nathan Gronberg
|  | Nathan Gronberg
|  | Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
|  | (Principal Accounting Officer)