EX-99.1 2 fly-ex99_1.htm EX-99.1

Firefly Aerospace Announces Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results

Third quarter revenue increased 98% from the previous quarter and increased 38% from the prior year quarter; Alpha team prepares to return to flight; SciTec acquisition closes

Blue Ghost Mission 2 structure qualification model fully stacked with Blue Ghost lander, Elytra Dark vehicle, and dual payload attached fitting at Firefly's Rocket Ranch in October 2025.

Cedar Park, Texas, November 12, 2025 – Firefly Aerospace (Nasdaq: FLY), a market leading space and defense technology company, today issued financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025.

"Our strong third quarter revenue growth reflects steady execution of our spacecraft teams on multiple contracts as well as progress made by our launch teams," said Jason Kim, CEO of Firefly Aerospace. "As we enhance our culture of safety, quality, and reliability, we are confident in our Alpha team to return us to flight safely."

"After closing the SciTec acquisition, we're also proud to welcome SciTec to the Firefly family and bolster our national security capabilities," said Kim. "With industry-leading hardware and

software, Firefly is equipped to deliver on the most critical programs that protect our nation and keep America first in space."

Third Quarter 2025 Highlights

•
Awarded Blue Ghost Mission 4 contract from NASA worth $176.7 million for lunar payload delivery to the Moon’s south pole.
•
Awarded $10 million Blue Ghost Mission 1 contract addendum from NASA, for acquisition of additional lunar data collected beyond the initial requirements.
•
Built and fit checked Blue Ghost Mission 2 structure qualification models and performed initial systems-level qualification testing onsite in Briggs, Texas.
•
Cleanroom assembly underway of the Elytra spacecraft flight unit supporting Blue Ghost Mission 2.
•
Conducted more than 200 hours of mission simulation testing for Elytra Mission 1 in preparation to ship out for launch.
•
Completed Preliminary Design Review for Elytra Mission 3, maturing the vehicle's high maneuverability design for the Defense Innovation Unit's space domain awareness demonstration mission.
•
Signed SPACE COTAN agreement to study the feasibility of launching Alpha from Hokkaido Spaceport in Japan.
•
Partnered with Advanced Space to support NASA's LunaNET communication relay service and develop a mission framework with Firefly's Elytra vehicle as a relay network transfer stage.
•
Awarded an Elytra study contract from NASA to demonstrate how to meet the need for multi-spacecraft and multi-orbit delivery to difficult-to-reach orbits beyond current launch service offerings.

Additional Recent Highlights

•
Strategic acquisition of SciTec closed, with an upsized $260.0 million revolving credit facility providing additional liquidity in support of the transaction. SciTec bolsters Firefly's offering for the $175 billion Golden Dome program.
•
Implemented corrective measures following the Alpha first stage ground test event on September 29. The test stand remained intact with upgrades underway. Team previously delivered the second stage to the launch site and is now preparing to ship the next first stage from Firefly's production line for an Alpha Flight 7 launch between the end of the fourth quarter and early first quarter.
•
Signed an IDIQ and task order for a hypersonic test mission on Alpha with a confidential customer.

•
Completed Blue Ghost Mission 3 Preliminary Design Review for mission to the Moon's Gruithuisen Domes.
•
United Arab Emirates' Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre delivered the Rashid Rover 2 payload for Blue Ghost Mission 2, marking delivery of all commercial payloads ahead of launch.
•
Blue Ghost Mission 1 named to TIME’s Best Inventions of 2025, with Firefly's Spacecraft Program Director Ray Allensworth also named among the world's rising stars on the TIME100 Next.

2025 Full-Year Guidance

•
Firefly expects 2025 full-year revenue to be between $150 million and $158 million.

Conference Call

Firefly will host a conference call today at 4:00 p.m. CT (5:00 p.m. ET) to discuss its third quarter financial results, as well as provide Firefly’s full year outlook.

The live webcast and accompanying presentation, as well as a replay of the webcast, will be available on Firefly’s Investor Relations website: investors.fireflyspace.com.

About Firefly Aerospace

Firefly Aerospace is a space and defense technology company that enables government and commercial customers to launch, land, and operate in space – anywhere, anytime. As the partner of choice for responsive space missions, Firefly is the only commercial company to launch a satellite to orbit with approximately 24-hour notice. Firefly is also the only company to achieve a fully successful landing on the Moon. Established in 2017, Firefly’s engineering, manufacturing, and test facilities are co-located in central Texas to enable rapid innovation. The company’s small- to medium-lift launch vehicles, lunar landers, and orbital vehicles are built with common flight-proven technologies to enable speed, reliability, and cost efficiencies for each mission from low Earth orbit to the Moon and beyond. For more information, visit www.fireflyspace.com. Firefly utilizes its website as a means to distribute material information about the company to the public.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended) concerning Firefly. Statements included in this press release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, strategies, objectives, prospects, assumptions or future events or

performance, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. In particular, our guidance, outlook and forecasts for full-year 2025, statements about the markets in which we operate, including growth of our various markets, statements about potential new products and product innovation, statements regarding the expected benefits of the acquisition of SciTec, Inc. ("SciTec") our ability or expectations to establish new partnerships, our expectations regarding new vehicle launches and launch timelines, and our ability to retain existing customers and maintain their bookings are forward-looking statements. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on such statements.

Various risks that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed by the forward-looking statements included in this press release include, but are not limited to: our failure to manage our growth effectively and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability; the potential for delayed or failed launches, and any failure of our launch vehicles and spacecraft to operate as intended; our inability to manufacture our launch vehicles, landers, or orbital vehicles at a quantity and quality that our customers demand; the hazards and operational risks that our products and service offerings are exposed to, including the wide and unique range of risks due to the unpredictability of space; the market for commercial launch services for small- and medium-sized payloads not achieving the growth potential we expect; adverse impacts from current or future disruptions in U.S. government operations, including as a result of delays or reduction in appropriations or regulatory approvals from our programs, or changes in U.S. government funding and budgetary priorities and spending levels; our dependence on contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business and our dependence on major customers and vendors; a loss of, or default by, one or more of our major customers, or a material adverse change in any such customer’s business or financial condition, could materially reduce our revenues and backlog; uncertain global macro-economic and political conditions, including the implementation of tariffs; the failure of our information technology systems, physical or electronic security protections; the inability to operate Alpha at our anticipated launch rate (including due to potential regulatory delays) or finalize the development and delivery of Eclipse; our failure to establish and maintain important relationships with government agencies and prime contractors; the inability to realize our backlog; evolving government laws and regulations; our ability to remediate the material weakness with respect to our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; our ability to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future; and other factors set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date stated, or if no

date is stated, as of the date of this press release. Actual results may vary from the estimates provided. We undertake no intent or obligation to publicly update or revise any of the estimates and other forward-looking statements made in this announcement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, Non-GAAP Operating Expenses, Non-GAAP Research and Development, Non-GAAP Selling, General, and Administrative, Non-GAAP Other Expense, and Non-GAAP Net Loss, as well as Pro Forma Non-GAAP Net Loss and Pro Forma Non-GAAP Net Loss Per Share are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP is included in the supplemental financial data attached to this press release. Non-GAAP financial measures have important limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of Firefly’s performance or cash flows as reported under U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures may be defined differently by other companies in our industry and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

Firefly believes non-GAAP financial information provides additional insight into the Company’s ongoing performance. Therefore, Firefly provides this information to investors for a more consistent basis of comparison and to help them evaluate the Company’s ongoing performance and liquidity and to enable more meaningful period to period comparisons.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted for interest (income) expense, net, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, change in fair value of warrant liability, loss on disposal of fixed assets, loss on extinguishment of debt, certain one-time costs related to the IPO, transaction-related expenses, and certain other items that are not expected to recur in the future or that management does not view as reflective of the performance of the business. In addition to net loss, we use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our business, measure its performance, and make strategic decisions.

We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to management, investors, and analysts in assessing our financial performance and results of operations across reporting periods by excluding items we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Net loss is the U.S. GAAP measure most directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net loss. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

Free Cash Flow

We define Free Cash Flow as net cash used in operating activities, less purchases of property and equipment. We believe that Free Cash Flow is a meaningful indicator of liquidity that provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from or used in operations that, after purchases of property and equipment, can be used for strategic initiatives, including continuous investment in our business and strengthening our balance sheet.

Free Cash Flow has limitations as a liquidity measure, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our cash flows as reported under U.S. GAAP. Free Cash Flow may be affected in the near to medium term by the timing of capital investments, fluctuations in our growth and the effect of such fluctuations on working capital, and our changes in our cash conversion cycle.

Non-GAAP Research and Development

We define Non-GAAP Research and Development as research and development less stock-based compensation expense. Management believes this non-GAAP measure provides investors with meaningful insight into results from ongoing operations by excluding items of income or loss to present it in accordance with how management manages the business.

Non-GAAP Selling, General, and Administrative

We define Non-GAAP Selling, General and Administrative as selling, general and administrative less stock-based compensation expense, certain one-time costs related to the IPO, transaction-related expenses, and certain other items that are not expected to recur in the future or that management does not view as reflective of the performance of the business. Management believes this non-GAAP measure provides investors with meaningful insight into results from ongoing operations by excluding items of income or loss to present it in accordance with how management manages the business.

Non-GAAP Operating Expenses

We define Non-GAAP Operating Expenses as operating expenses, less stock-based compensation expense, certain one-time costs related to the IPO, transaction-related expenses, loss on disposal of fixed assets, and certain other items that are not expected to recur in the future or that management does not view as reflective of the performance of the business. Management believes this non-GAAP measure provides investors with meaningful insight into results from ongoing operations by excluding items of income or loss to present it in accordance with how management manages the business.

Non-GAAP Other Income (Expense)

We define Non-GAAP Other Income (Expense) as other expense less change in fair value of warrant liability and loss on extinguishment of debt. Management believes this non-GAAP

measure provides investors with meaningful insight into results from ongoing operations by excluding items of income or loss to present it in accordance with how management manages the business.

Non-GAAP Net Loss

We define Non-GAAP Net Loss as net loss less stock-based compensation, change in fair value of warrant liability, loss on disposal of fixed assets, loss on extinguishment of debt, certain one-time costs related to the IPO, transaction-related expenses, and certain other items that are not expected to recur in the future or that management does not view as reflective of the performance of the business. Management believes this non-GAAP measure provides investors with meaningful insight into results from ongoing operations by excluding items of income or loss to present it in accordance with how management manages the business.

Contacts

Media Relations
press@fireflyspace.com

Investor Relations
investors@fireflyspace.com

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited; in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenue |  | $ | 30,778 |  |  | $ | 22,370 |  |  | $ | 102,182 |  |  | $ | 51,758 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 22,288 |  |  |  | 14,599 |  |  |  | 87,477 |  |  |  | 42,959 |
Gross profit |  |  | 8,490 |  |  |  | 7,771 |  |  |  | 14,705 |  |  |  | 8,799 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 48,763 |  |  |  | 29,858 |  |  |  | 142,549 |  |  |  | 107,037 |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 21,920 |  |  |  | 10,305 |  |  |  | 47,243 |  |  |  | 32,173 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,802 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,824 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 70,683 |  |  |  | 41,965 |  |  |  | 189,792 |  |  |  | 141,034 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (62,193 | ) |  |  | (34,194 | ) |  |  | (175,087 | ) |  |  | (132,235 | )
Other expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | (42,150 | ) |  |  | (341 | ) |  |  | (47,257 | ) |  |  | (372 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | (30,400 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (30,400 | ) |  |  | — |
Interest income (expense), net |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | (6,658 | ) |  |  | (9,067 | ) |  |  | (14,149 | )
Other (expense) income, net |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | 4,528 |  |  |  | (258 | )
Total other expense, net |  |  | (71,219 | ) |  |  | (6,596 | ) |  |  | (82,196 | ) |  |  | (14,779 | )
Loss before provision for income taxes |  | $ | (133,412 | ) |  | $ | (40,790 | ) |  | $ | (257,283 | ) |  | $ | (147,014 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net loss and comprehensive loss |  | $ | (133,412 | ) |  | $ | (40,790 | ) |  | $ | (257,283 | ) |  | $ | (147,014 | )
Less: Accretion of dividends of Series C Preferred Stock |  |  | 2,298 |  |  |  | 5,354 |  |  |  | 13,240 |  |  |  | 15,869 |
Less: Accretion of dividends of Series D-1 Preferred Stock |  |  | 4,524 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,989 |  |  |  | — |
Less: Accretion of dividends of Series D-3 Preferred Stock |  |  | 128 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | — |
Net loss available to common stockholders |  | $ | (140,362 | ) |  | $ | (46,144 | ) |  | $ | (292,906 | ) |  | $ | (162,883 | )
Net loss per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | $ | (1.50 | ) |  | $ | (3.57 | ) |  | $ | (7.25 | ) |  | $ | (12.80 | )
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  |  | 93,849 |  |  |  | 12,924 |  |  |  | 40,389 |  |  |  | 12,728 |

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited; in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 995,162 |  |  | $ | 123,431 |
Restricted cash, current |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 424 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 5,127 |  |  |  | 1,004 |
Advanced payments, current |  |  | 14,259 |  |  |  | 52,404 |
Other current assets |  |  | 7,425 |  |  |  | 3,454 |
Total current assets |  |  | 1,022,802 |  |  |  | 180,717 |
Advanced payments, less current portion |  |  | 45,365 |  |  |  | 41,770 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 142,555 |  |  |  | 135,575 |
Restricted cash, less current portion |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,703 |
Right-of-use assets - operating leases |  |  | 9,944 |  |  |  | 14,604 |
Right-of-use assets - finance leases |  |  | 4,143 |  |  |  | 3,708 |
Goodwill |  |  | 17,097 |  |  |  | 17,097 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 14,286 |  |  |  | 158 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,256,192 |  |  | $ | 407,332 |
Liabilities, temporary equity, and stockholders' equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 30,428 |  |  | $ | 37,633 |
Accounts payable - related parties |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | 86 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 20,171 |  |  |  | 14,419 |
Operating lease liability, current |  |  | 395 |  |  |  | 1,128 |
Finance lease liability, current |  |  | 1,047 |  |  |  | 856 |
Deferred revenue, current |  |  | 95,202 |  |  |  | 108,069 |
Notes payable, current |  |  | 6,985 |  |  |  | 6,349 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 9,913 |  |  |  | 10,837 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 164,931 |  |  |  | 179,377 |
Operating lease liability, less current portion |  |  | 10,553 |  |  |  | 16,466 |
Finance lease liability, less current portion |  |  | 2,266 |  |  |  | 1,996 |
Deferred revenue, less current portion |  |  | 74,516 |  |  |  | 45,904 |
Notes payable, less current portion |  |  | 23,228 |  |  |  | 124,079 |
Notes payable, less current portion - related parties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,524 |
Warrant liability |  |  | 5,267 |  |  |  | 4,070 |
Other liabilities, less current portion |  |  | 26,610 |  |  |  | 25,956 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 307,371 |  |  | $ | 415,372 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Temporary equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 and 51,033 shares authorized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; 0 and 41,588 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; $0 and $1,227,158 liquidation preference as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | — |  |  |  | 759,582 |
Stockholders' equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 and 154,397 shares authorized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; 148,138 and 13,241 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 1 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 1,928,027 |  |  |  | — |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (979,222 | ) |  |  | (767,623 | )
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) |  |  | 948,821 |  |  |  | (767,622 | )
Total liabilities, temporary equity, and stockholders' equity (deficit) |  | $ | 1,256,192 |  |  | $ | 407,332 |

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited; in thousands)

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (257,283 | ) |  | $ | (147,014 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 13,539 |  |  |  | 6,510 |
Loss on sale of fixed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,824 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 5,191 |  |  |  | 1,296 |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | 47,257 |  |  |  | 479 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 4,595 |  |  |  | 5,790 |
Non-cash inventory write-off |  |  | — |  |  |  | 247 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (4,123 | ) |  |  | (3,055 | )
Advanced payments |  |  | 34,550 |  |  |  | (17,205 | )
Other assets |  |  | (996 | ) |  |  | 5,460 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (5,300 | ) |  |  | 10,956 |
Accounts payable - related parties |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | (1,312 | )
Accrued expenses |  |  | (5,035 | ) |  |  | (5,941 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (11,812 | ) |  |  | 19,334 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 1,549 |  |  |  | 2,562 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | (6,646 | ) |  |  | (3,616 | )
Deferred revenue |  |  | 15,745 |  |  |  | 6,292 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (137,665 | ) |  | $ | (117,393 | )
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (20,757 | ) |  |  | (30,041 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | $ | (20,757 | ) |  | $ | (30,041 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 943,736 |  |  |  | — |
Payments of offering costs associated with IPO |  |  | (4,208 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of Preferred Stock, net |  |  | 235,506 |  |  |  | 22,186 |
Principal payments on finance leases |  |  | (1,166 | ) |  |  | (595 | )
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,990 |
Payment of IPO Closing Preferred Stock Dividend |  |  | (4,990 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from notes payable - related parties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,000 |
Repayment of notes payable - related parties |  |  | (21,117 | ) |  |  | — |
Payments on notes payable |  |  | (131,457 | ) |  |  | (2,181 | )
Payments of debt issuance costs |  |  | (2,083 | ) |  |  | (2,301 | )
Proceeds from repayment of employee note |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | 206 |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  |  | 2,238 |  |  |  | 407 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | $ | 1,016,855 |  |  | $ | 91,712 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 858,433 |  |  | $ | (55,722 | )
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  |  | 137,558 |  |  |  | 95,146 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 995,991 |  |  | $ | 39,424 |
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 995,162 |  |  | $ | 26,359 |
Restricted cash, current |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 1,087 |
Restricted cash, non-current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,978 |
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period |  | $ | 995,991 |  |  | $ | 39,424 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 14,443 |  |  | $ | 16,828 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable |  | $ | 1,905 |  |  | $ | 170 |
Capitalized interest (paid in kind) |  | $ | 683 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of debt in exchange of software licenses |  | $ | 664 |  |  | $ | — |
Acquisition of software license assets and obligations |  | $ | 10,633 |  |  | $ | — |
Right-of-use asset acquired in exchange for finance lease liabilities |  | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 470 |
Net exercise of Common Warrants into common stock |  | $ | 46,060 |  |  | $ | — |
Unpaid deferred offering costs associated with IPO |  | $ | 7,195 |  |  | $ | — |
Preferred Stock issuance costs not yet paid |  | $ | 3,510 |  |  | $ | — |
Issuance of common stock to settle Preferred Stock Dividends |  | $ | 86,124 |  |  | $ | — |
Conversion of Preferred Stock to common stock upon IPO |  | $ | 937,087 |  |  | $ | — |

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

(unaudited; in thousands)

The following tables present reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, Non-GAAP Research and Development, Non-GAAP Selling, General, and Administrative, Non-GAAP Operating Expenses, Non-GAAP Other Expense, and Non-GAAP Net Loss to their most directly comparable financial measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP:

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Net loss |  | $ | (133,412 | ) |  | $ | (40,790 | ) |  | $ | (257,283 | ) |  | $ | (147,014 | )
Adjusted for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest (income) expense, net |  |  | (1,334 | ) |  |  | 6,658 |  |  |  | 9,067 |  |  |  | 14,149 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 6,447 |  |  |  | 3,482 |  |  |  | 14,363 |  |  |  | 6,519 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 462 |  |  |  | 5,191 |  |  |  | 1,296 |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | 42,150 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 47,257 |  |  |  | 372 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,802 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,824 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |
One-time costs related to the IPO (1) |  |  | 3,792 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,012 |  |  |  | — |
Transaction-related expenses |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | — |
Other (2) |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 33 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (46,332 | ) |  | $ | (28,045 | ) |  | $ | (141,368 | ) |  | $ | (122,821 | )
|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | $ | (53,046 | ) |  | $ | (36,578 | ) |  | $ | (137,665 | ) |  | $ | (117,393 | )
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (8,920 | ) |  |  | (8,207 | ) |  |  | (20,757 | ) |  |  | (30,041 | )
Free Cash Flow |  | $ | (61,966 | ) |  | $ | (44,785 | ) |  | $ | (158,422 | ) |  | $ | (147,434 | )

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Research and development |  | $ | 48,763 |  |  | $ | 29,858 |  |  | $ | 142,549 |  |  | $ | 107,037 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | (501 | ) |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (796 | ) |  |  | (378 | )
Non-GAAP Research and Development |  | $ | 48,262 |  |  | $ | 29,722 |  |  | $ | 141,753 |  |  | $ | 106,659 |
Selling, general, and administrative |  | $ | 21,920 |  |  | $ | 10,305 |  |  | $ | 47,243 |  |  | $ | 32,173 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | (3,499 | ) |  |  | (326 | ) |  |  | (4,395 | ) |  |  | (918 | )
One-time costs related to the IPO (1) |  |  | (3,792 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,012 | ) |  |  | — |
Transaction-related expenses |  |  | (1,528 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,528 | ) |  |  | — |
Other (2) |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Non-GAAP Selling, General, and Administrative |  | $ | 13,004 |  |  | $ | 9,979 |  |  | $ | 33,211 |  |  | $ | 31,222 |
Operating expenses |  | $ | 70,683 |  |  | $ | 41,965 |  |  | $ | 189,792 |  |  | $ | 141,034 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | (4,000 | ) |  |  | (462 | ) |  |  | (5,191 | ) |  |  | (1,296 | )
One-time costs related to the IPO (1) |  |  | (3,792 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,012 | ) |  |  | — |
Transaction-related expenses |  |  | (1,528 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,528 | ) |  |  | — |
Other (2) |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,802 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,824 | )
Non-GAAP Operating Expenses |  | $ | 61,266 |  |  | $ | 39,701 |  |  | $ | 174,964 |  |  | $ | 137,881 |
Other expense |  | $ | (71,219 | ) |  | $ | (6,596 | ) |  | $ | (82,196 | ) |  | $ | (14,779 | )
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |  |  | 42,150 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 47,257 |  |  |  | 372 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP Other Income (Expense) |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | (6,255 | ) |  | $ | (4,539 | ) |  | $ | (14,407 | )
Net loss |  | $ | (133,412 | ) |  | $ | (40,790 | ) |  | $ | (257,283 | ) |  | $ | (147,014 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 462 |  |  |  | 5,191 |  |  |  | 1,296 |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | 42,150 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 47,257 |  |  |  | 372 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,802 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,824 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |
One-time costs related to the IPO (1) |  |  | 3,792 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,012 |  |  |  | — |
Transaction-related expenses |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | — |
Other (2) |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 33 |
Non-GAAP Net Loss |  | $ | (51,445 | ) |  | $ | (38,185 | ) |  | $ | (164,798 | ) |  | $ | (143,489 | )
(1) Represents costs incurred related to the IPO that do not meet the direct and incremental criteria per SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5.A to be netted against the gross proceeds of the offering and that are not expected to recur in the future. (2) Other includes loss on foreign exchange and executive severance. |

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA NON-GAAP NET LOSS AND NET LOSS PER SHARE

(unaudited; in thousands, except per share amounts)

Unaudited Pro Forma Non-GAAP Net Loss and Unaudited Pro Forma Non-GAAP Net Loss Per Share are presented assuming the Company consummated the IPO and its related transactions, including the conversion of Preferred Stock to common stock, repayment of the Term Loan Facility, payment of the Preferred Stock Dividend, and net exercise of Common Warrants into common stock (each as defined and further discussed in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025) on January 1, 2024.

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss available to common stockholders |  |  | $ | (140,362 | ) |  | $ | (46,144 | ) |  | $ | (292,906 | ) |  | $ | (162,883 | )
Pro forma adjustments to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reverse the impact of accrued dividends on outstanding Series C and Series D Preferred Stock |  |  |  | 6,950 |  |  |  | 5,354 |  |  |  | 35,623 |  |  |  | 15,869 |
Reverse historical interest expense for the Term Loan Facility |  |  |  | 2,814 |  |  |  | 6,496 |  |  |  | 15,920 |  |  |  | 19,604 |
Reverse the change in fair value of Common Warrants |  |  |  | 39,451 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,840 |  |  |  | — |
Reverse the loss on extinguishment of the Term Loan Facility |  |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,400 |  |  |  | — |
Reverse one-time costs related to the IPO |  |  |  | 3,792 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,012 |  |  |  | — |
Pro forma net loss available to common stockholders |  |  | $ | (56,955 | ) |  | $ | (34,294 | ) |  | $ | (158,111 | ) |  | $ | (127,410 | )
Non-GAAP adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 462 |  |  |  | 5,191 |  |  |  | 1,296 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,802 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,824 |
Transaction-related expenses |  |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of warrants |  |  |  | 2,699 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 2,417 |  |  |  | 372 |
Other |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 33 |
Pro Forma Non-GAAP Net Loss available to common stockholders |  |  | $ | (48,631 | ) |  | $ | (31,689 | ) |  | $ | (148,878 | ) |  | $ | (123,885 | )
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  |  | 93,849 |  |  |  | 12,924 |  |  |  | 40,389 |  |  |  | 12,728 |
Pro forma adjustments to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reflect the issuance of common stock in IPO |  |  |  | 9,166 |  |  |  | 22,190 |  |  |  | 17,849 |  |  |  | 22,190 |
Reflect the issuance of common stock for payment of the Preferred Stock Dividend |  |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 3,251 |  |  |  | 2,344 |  |  |  | 3,251 |
Reflect the conversion of Preferred Stock to common stock |  |  |  | 43,713 |  |  |  | 105,832 |  |  |  | 85,126 |  |  |  | 105,832 |
Reflect the net exercise of Common Warrants |  |  |  | 423 |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | 823 |  |  |  | 1,024 |
Pro forma weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  |  | 147,681 |  |  |  | 145,221 |  |  |  | 146,531 |  |  |  | 145,025 |
Pro Forma Non-GAAP Net Loss Per Share available to common stockholders, basic and diluted |  |  | $ | (0.33 | ) |  | $ | (0.22 | ) |  | $ | (1.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.85 | )

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