5. Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, were as follows (in thousands):


	Americas			EMEA		Asia/ Pacific			Total
Gross Balance prior to December 31, 2012	$	316,222		$	158,653	$	73,698		$	548,573
Total impairment prior to December 31, 2012		(47,432	)		—		—			(47,432	)

Balance as of December 31, 2012		268,790			158,653		73,698			501,141
Goodwill from acquisitions (1)		133,998			—		(832	)		133,166
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(483	)		638		(3,723	)		(3,568	)

Balance as of September 30, 2013	$	402,305		$	159,291	$	69,143		$	630,739

(1)

Addition relates to the goodwill acquired in the acquisition of ORCC and PTESA as discussed in Note 2 as well as adjustments to Distra. The purchase price allocations for ORCC and PTESA are preliminary as of September 30, 2013 and accordingly are subject to future changes during the maximum one-year allocation period. The purchase price allocation for Distra was finalized during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, we assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year using October 1 balances or when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level and have identified our reportable segments, Americas, EMEA, and Asia/Pacific, as our reporting units. Recoverability of goodwill is measured using a discounted cash flow model incorporating discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. Use of a discounted cash flow model is common practice in impairment testing in the absence of available transactional market evidence to determine the fair value.

The calculated fair value was substantially in excess of the current carrying value for all reporting units based upon our October 1, 2012 annual impairment test and there have been no indications of impairment in the subsequent periods.