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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of Income Before Income Taxes | For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes includes the following components (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
United States | $ | 19,405 |  |  | $ | (16,317) |  |  | $ | 16,312 |
Foreign | 79,221 |  |  | 88,527 |  |  | 75,487 |
Total | $ | 98,626 |  |  | $ | 72,210 |  |  | $ | 91,799 |
Summary of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | The expense (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Federal |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | (2,683) |  |  | $ | 3,738 |  |  | $ | 6,545 |
Deferred | (3,477) |  |  | (25,150) |  |  | (6,587) |
Total | (6,160) |  |  | (21,412) |  |  | (42) |
State |  |  |  |  |
Current | 2,514 |  |  | 590 |  |  | 4,441 |
Deferred | (1,758) |  |  | 342 |  |  | (2,649) |
Total | 756 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 1,792 |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |
Current | 22,786 |  |  | 22,960 |  |  | 17,626 |
Deferred | 8,584 |  |  | 2,668 |  |  | 3,502 |
Total | 31,370 |  |  | 25,628 |  |  | 21,128 |
Total | $ | 25,966 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |  |  | $ | 22,878 |
Summary of Differences Between Income Tax Expense Computed at Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate and Per Consolidated Statements of Operations | Differences between the income tax expense computed at the statutory federal income tax rate and per the consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Tax expense at federal rate of 21% | $ | 20,711 |  |  | $ | 15,164 |  |  | $ | 19,278 |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 321 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 5,246 |
Change in valuation allowance | 2,459 |  |  | (12,760) |  |  | 12,657 |
Foreign tax rate differential | (1,809) |  |  | (2,535) |  |  | (4,796) |
Unrecognized tax benefit increase (decrease) | (4,405) |  |  | 898 |  |  | 1,262 |
Tax effect of foreign operations | 11,373 |  |  | 6,698 |  |  | 8,546 |
Tax benefit of research & development | (2,173) |  |  | (2,506) |  |  | (2,557) |
Transition tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,112) |
Revaluation of deferred tax balances | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,937) |
Performance-based compensation | (2,624) |  |  | (560) |  |  | (4,541) |
Other | 2,113 |  |  | (478) |  |  | 832 |
Income tax provision | $ | 25,966 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |  |  | $ | 22,878 |
Summary of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The deferred tax assets and liabilities result from differences in the timing of the recognition of certain income and expense items for tax and financial accounting purposes. The sources of these differences at each balance sheet date are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 20,347 |  |  | $ | 23,030 |
Tax credits | 40,188 |  |  | 47,411 |
Compensation | 18,731 |  |  | 18,791 |
Deferred revenue | 19,169 |  |  | 25,599 |
Operating lease | 10,162 |  |  | 12,956 |
Other | 9,051 |  |  | 8,517 |
Gross deferred income tax assets | 117,648 |  |  | 136,304 |
Less: valuation allowance | (10,112) |  |  | (7,653) |
Net deferred income tax assets | $ | 107,536 |  |  | $ | 128,651 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | (48,967) |  |  | $ | (52,978) |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | (7,650) |  |  | (11,917) |
Deferred revenue | (33,947) |  |  | (44,198) |
Total deferred income tax liabilities | (90,564) |  |  | (109,093) |
Net deferred income taxes | $ | 16,972 |  |  | $ | 19,558 |
Deferred income taxes / liabilities included in the balance sheet are: |  |  |
Deferred income tax asset – noncurrent | $ | 57,476 |  |  | $ | 51,611 |
Deferred income tax liability – noncurrent | (40,504) |  |  | (32,053) |
Net deferred income taxes | $ | 16,972 |  |  | $ | 19,558 |
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31 is as follows (in thousands):
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year | $ | 29,000 |  |  | $ | 28,406 |  |  | $ | 27,237 |
Increases for tax positions of prior years | 4,219 |  |  | 2,784 |  |  | 315 |
Decreases for tax positions of prior years | — |  |  | (96) |  |  | (61) |
Increases for tax positions established for the current period | 3,912 |  |  | 2,542 |  |  | 1,185 |
Decreases for settlements with taxing authorities | (285) |  |  | (220) |  |  | — |
Reductions resulting from lapse of applicable statute of limitation | (12,630) |  |  | (4,462) |  |  | (115) |
Adjustment resulting from foreign currency translation | 94 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (155) |
Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at end of year | $ | 24,310 |  |  | $ | 29,000 |  |  | $ | 28,406 |

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