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Table of contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
Or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 0-25346
___________________________
ACI WORLDWIDE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________

Delaware |  | 47-0772104
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6060 Coventry Drive |  | Elkhorn, | Nebraska |  | 68022
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip code)

(402) 390-7600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
______________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of the Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 26, 2024, there were 105,439,792 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.005 par value |  | ACIW |  | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Table of contents

| TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|  | Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 | Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 31
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 32
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 32
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 32
Item 3 | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 32
Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures | 32
Item 5 | Other Information | 33
Item 6 | Exhibits | 33
Signature | 34

2

Table of contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 183,393 |  |  | $ | 164,239 |
Receivables, net of allowances of $2,581 and $4,295, respectively | 345,125 |  |  | 452,337 |
Settlement assets | 700,733 |  |  | 723,039 |
Prepaid expenses | 34,416 |  |  | 31,479 |
Other current assets | 34,935 |  |  | 35,551 |
Total current assets | 1,298,602 |  |  | 1,406,645 |
Noncurrent assets |  |  |
Accrued receivables, net | 290,186 |  |  | 313,983 |
Property and equipment, net | 36,924 |  |  | 37,856 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 33,153 |  |  | 34,338 |
Software, net | 112,368 |  |  | 108,418 |
Goodwill | 1,226,026 |  |  | 1,226,026 |
Intangible assets, net | 186,782 |  |  | 195,646 |
Deferred income taxes, net | 56,017 |  |  | 58,499 |
Other noncurrent assets | 60,143 |  |  | 63,328 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 3,300,201 |  |  | $ | 3,444,739 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 44,292 |  |  | $ | 45,964 |
Settlement liabilities | 699,804 |  |  | 721,164 |
Employee compensation | 26,938 |  |  | 53,892 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 34,875 |  |  | 74,405 |
Deferred revenue | 77,147 |  |  | 59,580 |
Other current liabilities | 65,764 |  |  | 82,244 |
Total current liabilities | 948,820 |  |  | 1,037,249 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |
Deferred revenue | 20,117 |  |  | 24,780 |
Long-term debt | 981,851 |  |  | 963,599 |
Deferred income taxes, net | 39,465 |  |  | 40,735 |
Operating lease liabilities | 27,378 |  |  | 29,074 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 25,517 |  |  | 25,005 |
Total liabilities | 2,043,148 |  |  | 2,120,442 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Preferred stock; $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock; $0.005 par value; 280,000,000 shares authorized; 140,525,055 shares issued at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 | 702 |  |  | 702 |
Additional paid-in capital | 714,936 |  |  | 712,994 |
Retained earnings | 1,387,216 |  |  | 1,394,967 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 34,267,073 and 32,447,317 shares at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively | (733,927) |  |  | (674,896) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (111,874) |  |  | (109,470) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,257,053 |  |  | 1,324,297 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 3,300,201 |  |  | $ | 3,444,739 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of contents
ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software as a service and platform as a service |  |  |  |  | $ | 215,732 |  |  | $ | 204,930 |
License |  |  |  |  | 29,973 |  |  | 18,331 |
Maintenance |  |  |  |  | 47,754 |  |  | 50,103 |
Services |  |  |  |  | 22,560 |  |  | 16,312 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | 316,019 |  |  | 289,676 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue (1) |  |  |  |  | 191,107 |  |  | 178,554 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 34,993 |  |  | 37,118 |
Selling and marketing |  |  |  |  | 26,750 |  |  | 35,435 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  | 26,000 |  |  | 31,382 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 27,609 |  |  | 31,539 |
Total operating expenses |  |  |  |  | 306,459 |  |  | 314,028 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 9,560 |  |  | (24,352) |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (19,010) |  |  | (18,892) |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 4,009 |  |  | 3,505 |
Other, net |  |  |  |  | (2,025) |  |  | (3,395) |
Total other income (expense) |  |  |  |  | (17,026) |  |  | (18,782) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  | (7,466) |  |  | (43,134) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 285 |  |  | (10,826) |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,751) |  |  | $ | (32,308) |
Loss per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.30) |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.30) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | 106,799 |  |  | 108,156 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | 106,799 |  |  | 108,156 |

(1) The cost of revenue excludes charges for depreciation and amortization.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(unaudited and in thousands)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,751) |  |  | $ | (32,308) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  | (2,404) |  |  | 3,618 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  | (2,404) |  |  | 3,618 |
Comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (10,155) |  |  | $ | (28,690) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited and in thousands, except share amounts)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | 712,994 |  |  | $ | 1,394,967 |  |  | $ | (674,896) |  |  | $ | (109,470) |  |  | $ | 1,324,297 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,751) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,751) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,404) |  |  | (2,404) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 8,099 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,099 |
Shares issued and forfeited, net, under stock plans | — |  |  | (6,157) |  |  | — |  |  | 7,336 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,179 |
Repurchase of 2,060,433 shares of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (63,065) |  |  | — |  |  | (63,065) |
Repurchase of stock-based compensation awards for tax withholdings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,302) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,302) |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | 714,936 |  |  | $ | 1,387,216 |  |  | $ | (733,927) |  |  | $ | (111,874) |  |  | $ | 1,257,053 |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | 702,458 |  |  | $ | 1,273,458 |  |  | $ | (665,771) |  |  | $ | (117,660) |  |  | $ | 1,193,187 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,308) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,308) |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,618 |  |  | 3,618 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 5,301 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,301 |
Shares issued and forfeited, net, under stock plans | — |  |  | (6,719) |  |  | — |  |  | 7,549 |  |  | — |  |  | 830 |
Repurchase of stock-based compensation awards for tax withholdings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,001) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,001) |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 702 |  |  | $ | 701,040 |  |  | $ | 1,241,150 |  |  | $ | (661,223) |  |  | $ | (114,042) |  |  | $ | 1,167,627 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (7,751) |  |  | $ | (32,308) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 3,631 |  |  | 6,131 |
Amortization | 23,978 |  |  | 25,408 |
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,568 |  |  | 2,767 |
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs | 936 |  |  | 1,115 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,006 |  |  | (10,382) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 8,099 |  |  | 5,301 |
Other | (1,311) |  |  | (290) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Receivables | 127,269 |  |  | 88,960 |
Accounts payable | (448) |  |  | (1,308) |
Accrued employee compensation | (26,453) |  |  | (15,593) |
Deferred revenue | 13,907 |  |  | 10,202 |
Other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities | (22,190) |  |  | (39,935) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 123,241 |  |  | 40,068 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (3,208) |  |  | (2,258) |
Purchases of software and distribution rights | (14,582) |  |  | (6,481) |
Net cash flows from investing activities | (17,790) |  |  | (8,739) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 693 |  |  | 707 |
Proceeds from exercises of stock options | 475 |  |  | 78 |
Repurchase of stock-based compensation awards for tax withholdings | (3,302) |  |  | (3,001) |
Repurchases of common stock | (62,515) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | 164,000 |  |  | 50,000 |
Repayment of revolving credit facility | (152,000) |  |  | (45,000) |
Proceeds from term portion of credit agreement | 500,000 |  |  | — |
Repayment of term portion of credit agreement | (529,073) |  |  | (14,606) |
Payments for debt issuance costs | (5,141) |  |  | — |
Payments on or proceeds from other debt, net | (2,694) |  |  | (5,670) |
Net decrease in settlement assets and liabilities | (18,933) |  |  | (2,834) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | (108,490) |  |  | (20,326) |
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash | 2,314 |  |  | 2,557 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (725) |  |  | 13,560 |
Cash and cash equivalents, including settlement deposits, beginning of period | 238,821 |  |  | 214,672 |
Cash and cash equivalents, including settlement deposits, end of period | $ | 238,096 |  |  | $ | 228,232 |
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents to the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 183,393 |  |  | $ | 142,412 |
Settlement deposits | 54,703 |  |  | 85,820 |
Total cash and cash equivalents, including settlement deposits | $ | 238,096 |  |  | $ | 228,232 |
Supplemental cash flow information |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 2,524 |  |  | $ | 17,268 |
Interest paid | $ | 24,081 |  |  | $ | 23,403 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ACI Worldwide, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024, and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, are unaudited and reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and operating results for the interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, is derived from the audited financial statements.
The condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed on February 29, 2024. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be attained in the future.
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, as well as uncertainty in the current economic environment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Other Current Liabilities
The components of other current liabilities are included in the following table (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Vendor financed licenses | $ | 13,698 |  |  | $ | 12,702 |
Operating lease liabilities | 9,538 |  |  | 9,348 |
Accrued interest | 3,337 |  |  | 9,172 |
Other | 39,191 |  |  | 51,022 |
Total other current liabilities | $ | 65,764 |  |  | $ | 82,244 |

Settlement Assets and Liabilities
Individuals and businesses settle their obligations to the Company’s various Biller clients using credit or debit cards or via automated clearing house (“ACH”) payments. The Company creates a receivable for the amount due from the credit or debit card processor and an offsetting payable to the client. Upon confirmation that the funds have been received, the Company settles the obligation to the client. Due to timing, in some instances, the Company may (1) receive the funds into bank accounts controlled by and in the Company’s name that are not disbursed to its clients by the end of the day, resulting in a settlement deposit on the Company’s books and (2) disburse funds to its clients in advance of receiving funds from the credit or debit card processor, resulting in a net settlement receivable position.
Off Balance Sheet Settlement Accounts
The Company also enters into agreements with certain Biller clients to process payment funds on their behalf. When an ACH or automated teller machine network payment transaction is processed, a transaction is initiated to withdraw funds from the designated source account and deposit them into a settlement account, which is a trust account maintained for the benefit of the Company’s clients. A simultaneous transaction is initiated to transfer funds from the settlement account to the intended destination account. These “back to back” transactions are designed to settle at the same time, usually overnight, such that the Company receives the funds from the source at the same time as it sends the funds to their destination. However, due to the transactions being with various financial institutions there may be timing differences that result in float balances. These funds are maintained in accounts for the benefit of the client which is separate from the Company’s corporate assets. As the Company does not take ownership of the funds, these settlement accounts are not included in the Company’s balance sheet. The Company is entitled to interest earned on the fund balances. The collection of interest on these settlement accounts is considered in the Company’s determination of its fee structure for clients and represents a portion of the payment for services performed by the
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Company. The amount of settlement funds as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was $173.4 million and $273.2 million, respectively.
Fair Value
The fair value of the Company’s Credit Agreement approximates the carrying value due to the floating interest rate (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy). The Company measures the fair value of its Senior Notes based on Level 2 inputs, which include quoted market prices and interest rate spreads of similar securities. The fair value of the Company’s 5.750% Senior Notes due 2026 (“2026 Notes”) was $394.0 million and $398.5 million as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate the carrying values due to the short period of time to maturity (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).
Goodwill
In accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, the Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year using October 1 balances or when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company evaluates goodwill at the reporting unit level and has identified its operating segments, Banks, Merchants, and Billers, as the reporting units. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's goodwill balance of $1.2 billion was allocated $671.7 million to Banks, $137.3 million to Merchants, and $417.0 million to Billers.
Recoverability of goodwill is measured using a discounted cash flow model incorporating discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. Use of a discounted cash flow model is common practice in impairment testing in the absence of available transactional market evidence to determine the fair value. The calculated fair value was substantially in excess of the current carrying value for all reporting units based upon the October 1, 2023, annual impairment test and there have been no indications of impairment in the subsequent periods.
Equity Method Investment
In July 2019, the Company invested $18.3 million for a 30% non-controlling financial interest in a payment technology and services company in India. The Company accounted for this investment using the equity method in accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The Company records its share of earnings and losses in the investment on a one-quarter lag basis. Accordingly, the Company recorded an investment of $18.3 million and $18.5 million, which is included in other noncurrent assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early application is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will have on its segment reporting disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this update will require disclosure of more disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early application is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on its income tax disclosures.
2. Revenue
In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products and/or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products and services. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. See Note 9, Segment Information, for additional information, including disaggregation of revenue based on primary solution category.
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Total receivables represent amounts billed and amounts earned that are to be billed in the future (i.e., accrued receivables). Included in accrued receivables are services, software as a service ("SaaS"), and platform as a service ("PaaS") revenues earned in the current period but billed in the following period, and amounts due under multi-year software license arrangements with extended payment terms for which the Company has an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment subsequent to invoicing.
Total receivables, net is comprised of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Billed receivables | $ | 143,851 |  |  | $ | 250,423 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (2,581) |  |  | (4,295) |
Billed receivables, net | 141,270 |  |  | 246,128 |
Current accrued receivables, net | 203,855 |  |  | 206,209 |
Long-term accrued receivables, net | 290,186 |  |  | 313,983 |
Total accrued receivables, net | 494,041 |  |  | 520,192 |
Total receivables, net | $ | 635,311 |  |  | $ | 766,320 |

N o customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated receivables balance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Deferred revenue includes amounts due or received from customers for software licenses, maintenance, services, and/or SaaS and PaaS services in advance of recording the related revenue.
Changes in deferred revenue were as follows (in thousands):

Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | 84,360 |
Deferral of revenue | 40,479 |
Recognition of deferred revenue | (26,683) |
Foreign currency translation | (892) |
Balance, March 31, 2024 | $ | 97,264 |

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that will be recognized in future periods, which is comprised of deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. This does not include:
•Revenue that will be recognized in future periods from capacity overages that are accounted for as a usage-based royalty.
•SaaS and PaaS revenue from variable consideration that will be recognized in accordance with the ‘right to invoice’ practical expedient or meets the allocation objective.
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations was $672.8 million as of March 31, 2024, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 49% over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, revenue recognized by the Company from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was not significant.
3. Debt
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $136.0 million, $490.6 million, and $400.0 million outstanding under its Revolving Credit Facility, Term Loans, and Senior Notes, respectively, with up to $461.9 million of unused borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility portion of the Credit Agreement, as amended, and up to $2.1 million of unused borrowings under Letter of Credit agreements. The amount of unused borrowings actually available varies in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
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Credit Agreement
On February 26, 2024, ACI Worldwide, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Refinance Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2019 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, including by the Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, the subsidiary borrowers from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and a lender, BofA Securities, Inc., PNC Capital Markets LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and TD Securities (USA) LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners, and the other financial institutions party thereto.
The Amendment (i) provides a senior secured term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million, (ii) provides a senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Loan Facility” and together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Credit Facilities”) of up to $600 million, and (iii) extends the maturity date of the Facilities to February 26, 2029 (the “Maturity Date”), provided that if any of the Company’s 5.750% Senior Notes due 2026 are outstanding on the date that is 91 days before the maturity thereof (the “Springing Maturity Date”), and the Company does not have sufficient liquidity as of such date, the Maturity Date will be the Springing Maturity Date. The Revolving Loan Facility includes a $35 million sublimit for the issuance of standby letters of credit and a $20 million sublimit for swingline loans. Amounts repaid under the Revolving Facility may be reborrowed.
Borrowings under the Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to, at borrower's option, either (A) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the rate of interest per annum publicly announced by Bank of America as its prime rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, (3) term SOFR plus 1%, and (4) 1% or (B) term SOFR for applicable interest period relevant to such borrowing, in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings under the Credit Facilities is, based on the calculation of the applicable consolidated total leverage ratio, between 0.5% to 1.5% with respect to base rate borrowings and between 1.5% and 2.5% with respect to term SOFR rate borrowings. Interest is due and payable monthly. The interest rate in effect for the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2024, was 7.43%.
The Company is also required to pay (a) a commitment fee related to the unutilized commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility, payable quarterly in arrears, (b) letter of credit fees on the maximum amount available to be drawn under all outstanding letters of credit in an amount equal to the applicable margin on SOFR rate borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility on an annual basis, payable quarterly in arrears, and (c) customary fronting fees for the issuance of letters of credit fees and agency fees.
The Company’s subsidiaries, ACI Worldwide Corp. and ACI Payments, Inc. are co-borrowers under the Credit Agreement. The obligations of the borrowers under the Credit Facilities and the obligations of the Company and its subsidiaries under cash management arrangements entered into with lenders under the Credit Facilities (or affiliates thereof) are jointly and severally guaranteed by the Company and all of its existing and future material domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exclusions. The obligations of the borrowers in respect of the Credit Facilities are secured by first-priority security interests in substantially all assets of the borrowers, including 100% of the capital stock of each domestic subsidiary of the borrower and 65% of the voting capital stock of each foreign subsidiary that is directly owned by a borrower, in each case subject to certain exclusions set forth in the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains customary negative covenants that, among other things, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant additional liens, and make certain acquisitions, investments, asset dispositions, and restricted payments. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that require the Company to maintain, as of the end of any fiscal quarter, (i) a consolidated total net leverage ratio of less than or equal to 4.25 to 1.00, (ii) a consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio of less than or equal to 3.75 to 1.00, and (iii) a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of greater than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00, in each case subject to certain exclusions as set forth in the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default. If an event of default, as specified in the Credit Agreement, shall occur and be continuing, the Company may be required to repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities.
Senior Notes
On August 21, 2018, the Company completed a $400.0 million offering of the 2026 Notes at an issue price of 100% of the principal amount in a private placement for resale to qualified institutional buyers. The 2026 Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 5.750%, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The 2026 Notes will mature on August 15, 2026.
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Maturities on debt outstanding as of March 31, 2024, are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, |
Remainder of 2024 | $ | 28,125 |
2025 | 37,500 |
2026 | 437,500 |
2027 | 37,500 |
2028 | 37,500 |
Thereafter | 448,500 |
Total | $ | 1,026,625 |

As of March 31, 2024, and at all times during the period, the Company was in compliance with its financial debt covenants.
Total debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Term loans | $ | 490,625 |  |  | $ | 519,698 |
Revolving credit facility | 136,000 |  |  | 124,000 |
5.750% Senior notes, due August 2026 | 400,000 |  |  | 400,000 |
Debt issuance costs | (9,899) |  |  | (5,694) |
Total debt | 1,016,726 |  |  | 1,038,004 |
Less: current portion of term loans | 37,500 |  |  | 77,900 |
Less: current portion of debt issuance costs | (2,625) |  |  | (3,495) |
Total long-term debt | $ | 981,851 |  |  | $ | 963,599 |

Overdraft Facility
In 2019, the Company and ACI Payments, Inc. entered in to an uncommitted overdraft facility with Bank of America, N.A. The overdraft facility bears interest at the federal funds effective rate plus 2.25% based on the Company’s average outstanding balance and the frequency in which overdrafts occur. The overdraft facility acts as a secured loan under the terms of the Credit Agreement to provide an additional funding mechanism for timing differences that can occur in the bill payment settlement process. Amounts outstanding on the overdraft facility are included in other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2024, there was $75.0 million available and no amount outstanding on the overdraft facility. As of December 31, 2023, there was no amount outstanding on the overdraft facility.
Other
The Company finances certain multi-year license agreements for internal-use software. Upon execution, these arrangements are treated as a non-cash investing and financing activity for purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $3.6 million was outstanding on these agreements, all of which is included in other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
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4. Software and Other Intangible Assets
The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company's software assets subject to amortization at each balance sheet date are as follows (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Balance |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Balance
Software for internal use | $ | 481,471 |  |  | $ | (369,103) |  |  | $ | 112,368 |  |  | $ | 469,325 |  |  | $ | (360,907) |  |  | $ | 108,418 |

Amortization of software for internal use is computed using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of generally three to eight years. Software for internal use amortization expense recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled $15.5 million and $17.0 million, respectively. These software amortization expense amounts are reflected in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets subject to amortization at each balance sheet date are as follows (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Balance |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Balance
Customer relationships | $ | 446,207 |  |  | $ | (259,698) |  |  | $ | 186,509 |  |  | $ | 447,654 |  |  | $ | (252,828) |  |  | $ | 194,826 |
Trademarks and trade names | 21,810 |  |  | (21,537) |  |  | 273 |  |  | 21,899 |  |  | (21,079) |  |  | 820 |
Total other intangible assets | $ | 468,017 |  |  | $ | (281,235) |  |  | $ | 186,782 |  |  | $ | 469,553 |  |  | $ | (273,907) |  |  | $ | 195,646 |

Other intangible assets amortization expense recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled $8.5 million and $8.4 million, respectively.
Based on capitalized intangible assets as of March 31, 2024, estimated amortization expense amounts in future fiscal years are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, |  | Software Amortization |  | Other Intangible Assets Amortization
Remainder of 2024 |  | $ | 44,011 |  |  | $ | 20,980 |
2025 |  | 41,082 |  |  | 20,989 |
2026 |  | 20,922 |  |  | 20,989 |
2027 |  | 4,842 |  |  | 20,711 |
2028 |  | 1,509 |  |  | 18,309 |
Thereafter |  | 2 |  |  | 84,804 |
Total |  | $ | 112,368 |  |  | $ | 186,782 |

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5. Stock-Based Compensation Plans
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Shares issued under the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, totaled 27,550 and 31,639, respectively.
Stock Options
A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price ($) |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value of In-the-Money Options ($)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | 873,512 |  |  | $ | 18.76 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (25,513) |  |  | 18.62 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of March 31, 2024 | 847,999 |  |  | $ | 18.76 |  |  | 1.76 |  | $ | 10,040,262 |
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024 | 847,999 |  |  | $ | 18.76 |  |  | 1.76 |  | $ | 10,040,262 |

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. There were no stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.
Performance Share Awards
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, pursuant to the Company's 2020 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, the Company granted performance share awards with a total shareholder return component ("TSRs"). These performance share awards are earned, if at all, based upon achievement, over a specified period that must not be less than one year and is typically a three-year performance period. The awards have operating performance goals that include (i) adjusted EBITDA metrics and (ii) revenue growth rates as determined by the Company with a TSR multiplier up to plus or minus 20%. Up to 200% of the performance shares could be earned upon achievement of the performance goals, including the multiplier. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates the probability that the threshold performance goals will be achieved, if at all, and the anticipated level of attainment to determine the amount of compensation expense to record in the consolidated financial statements.
A summary of nonvested TSRs is as follows:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023 | 673,126 |  |  | $ | 40.73 |
Granted | 561,471 |  |  | 34.00 |
Forfeited | (8,304) |  |  | 37.01 |
Change in payout rate | (203,945) |  |  | 50.60 |
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024 | 1,022,348 |  |  | $ | 35.10 |

As of March 31, 2024, the TSRs granted in 2021 were earned by the employees. However, the performance goals were not met and no shares were issued.
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The fair value of TSRs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024, were estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model, acceptable under ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, using the following weighted average assumptions:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Expected life (years) |  |  | 2.7
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 4.4 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 36.8 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | — |

There were no TSRs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Restricted Share Units
A summary of nonvested restricted share unit awards ("RSUs") is as follows:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023 | 1,574,883 |  |  | $ | 26.81 |
Granted | 1,242,902 |  |  | 31.94 |
Vested | (292,250) |  |  | 31.32 |
Forfeited | (31,893) |  |  | 26.90 |
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024 | 2,493,642 |  |  | $ | 28.84 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, a total of 292,250 RSUs vested. The Company withheld 104,573 of those shares to pay the employees’ portion of the minimum payroll withholding taxes.
As of March 31, 2024, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $65.3 million related to RSUs and $25.1 million related to TSRs, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.5 years and 2.4 years, respectively.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC 718 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, of $8.1 million and $5.3 million, respectively, with corresponding tax benefits of $1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
6. Common Stock and Treasury Stock
In 2005, the board approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company, as market and business conditions warrant, to acquire its common stock and periodically authorize additional funds for the program. In February 2023, the board approved the repurchase of the Company's common stock of up to $200.0 million, in place of the remaining purchase amounts previously authorized.
The Company repurchased 2,060,433 shares for $63.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Under the program to date, the Company has repurchased 60,981,733 shares for approximately $1.0 billion. As of March 31, 2024, the maximum remaining amount authorized for purchase under the stock repurchase program was $109.3 million.
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7. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, based on weighted average outstanding common shares. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed based on basic weighted average outstanding common shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, and certain contingently issuable shares for which performance targets have been achieved.
The following table reconciles the weighted average share amounts used to compute both basic and diluted loss per share (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 106,799 |  |  | 108,156 |
Add: Dilutive effect of stock options and RSUs |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 106,799 |  |  | 108,156 |

The diluted loss per share computation excludes 4.4 million and 2.5 million options to purchase shares, RSUs, and contingently issuable shares during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, was 106,257,982 and 108,077,738, respectively.
8. Other, Net
Other, net is primarily comprised of foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Other, net was $2.0 million and $3.4 million of expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
9. Segment Information
The Company reports financial performance based on its operating segments, Banks, Merchants, and Billers, and analyzes Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a measure of segment profitability.
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is also the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The CODM, together with other senior management personnel, focus their review on consolidated financial information and the allocation of resources based on operating results, including revenues and Segment Adjusted EBITDA, for each segment, separate from corporate operations. No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments.
Banks. ACI provides payment solutions to large and mid-size banks globally for retail banking, real time, digital, and other payment services. These solutions transform banks’ complex payment environments to speed time to market, reduce costs, and deliver a consistent experience to customers across channels while enabling them to prevent and rapidly react to fraudulent activity. In addition, they enable banks to meet the requirements of different real-time payments schemes and to quickly create differentiated products to meet consumer, business, and merchant demands.
Merchants. ACI’s support of merchants globally includes Tier 1 and Tier 2 merchants, online-only merchants and the payment service providers, independent selling organizations, value-added resellers, and acquirers who service them. These customers operate in a variety of verticals, including general merchandise, grocery, hospitality, dining, transportation, and others. The Company's solutions provide merchants with a secure, omni-channel payments platform that gives them independence from third-party payment providers. They also offer secure solutions to online-only merchants that provide consumers with a convenient and seamless way to shop.
Billers. Within the billers segment, ACI provides electronic bill presentment and payment (“EBPP”) services to companies operating in the consumer finance, insurance, healthcare, higher education, utility, government, and mortgage categories. The solutions enable these customers to support a wide range of payment options and provide a convenient consumer payments experience that drives consumer loyalty and increases revenue.
Revenue is attributed to the reportable segments based upon customer. Expenses are attributed to the reportable segments in one of three methods: (1) direct costs of the segment, (2) labor costs that can be attributed based upon time tracking for individual projects, or (3) costs that are allocated. Allocated costs are generally marketing and sales related activities.
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Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the measure reported to the CODM for purposes of making decisions on allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company’s segments, and, therefore, Segment Adjusted EBITDA is presented in conformity with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings (loss) from operations before interest, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) adjusted to exclude net other income (expense).
Corporate and unallocated expenses includes global facilities and information technology costs and long-term product roadmap expenses in addition to corporate overhead costs that are not allocated to reportable segments. The overhead costs relate to human resources, finance, legal, accounting, and merger and acquisition activity. These costs along with depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation are not considered when management evaluates segment performance.
The following is selected financial data for the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks |  |  |  |  | $ | 105,429 |  |  | $ | 88,040 |
Merchants |  |  |  |  | 35,728 |  |  | 34,781 |
Billers |  |  |  |  | 174,862 |  |  | 166,855 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 316,019 |  |  | $ | 289,676 |
Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,638 |  |  | $ | 24,681 |
Merchants |  |  |  |  | 10,651 |  |  | 6,544 |
Billers |  |  |  |  | 30,737 |  |  | 29,641 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | (27,609) |  |  | (31,539) |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | (8,099) |  |  | (5,301) |
Corporate and unallocated expenses |  |  |  |  | (37,758) |  |  | (48,378) |
Interest, net |  |  |  |  | (15,001) |  |  | (15,387) |
Other, net |  |  |  |  | (2,025) |  |  | (3,395) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,466) |  |  | $ | (43,134) |

Assets are not allocated to segments, and the Company’s CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information.
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The following is revenue by primary solution category for the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Banks |  | Merchants |  | Billers |  | Total
Primary Solution Categories |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bill Payments | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 174,862 |  |  | $ | 174,862 |
Merchant Payments | — |  |  | 35,728 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,728 |
Fraud Management | 11,507 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,507 |
Real-Time Payments | 24,748 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,748 |
Issuing and Acquiring | 69,174 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,174 |
Total | $ | 105,429 |  |  | $ | 35,728 |  |  | $ | 174,862 |  |  | $ | 316,019 |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Banks |  | Merchants |  | Billers |  | Total
Primary Solution Categories |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bill Payments | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 166,855 |  |  | $ | 166,855 |
Merchant Payments | — |  |  | 34,781 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,781 |
Fraud Management | 9,355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,355 |
Real-Time Payments | 19,398 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,398 |
Issuing and Acquiring | 59,287 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59,287 |
Total | $ | 88,040 |  |  | $ | 34,781 |  |  | $ | 166,855 |  |  | $ | 289,676 |

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Banks |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software as a service and platform as a service |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,518 |  |  | $ | 9,249 |
License |  |  |  |  | 28,533 |  |  | 16,316 |
Maintenance |  |  |  |  | 44,326 |  |  | 46,342 |
Services |  |  |  |  | 22,052 |  |  | 16,133 |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 105,429 |  |  | $ | 88,040 |
Merchants |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software as a service and platform as a service |  |  |  |  | $ | 30,352 |  |  | $ | 28,850 |
License |  |  |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | 2,015 |
Maintenance |  |  |  |  | 3,428 |  |  | 3,737 |
Services |  |  |  |  | 508 |  |  | 179 |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,728 |  |  | $ | 34,781 |
Billers |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software as a service and platform as a service |  |  |  |  | $ | 174,862 |  |  | $ | 166,831 |
License |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Maintenance |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Services |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 174,862 |  |  | $ | 166,855 |

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The following is the Company's revenue by geographic location for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |
United States | $ | 228,107 |  |  | $ | 201,269 |
Other | 87,912 |  |  | 88,407 |
Total | $ | 316,019 |  |  | $ | 289,676 |

The following is the Company’s long-lived assets by geographic location for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Long-lived Assets |  |  |
United States | $ | 1,209,207 |  |  | $ | 1,216,158 |
Other | 736,375 |  |  | 763,437 |
Total | $ | 1,945,582 |  |  | $ | 1,979,595 |

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. No other country outside the United States accounted for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
10. Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company's effective tax rate was negative 4%. The Company reported a tax charge on an overall pretax loss, with foreign entities reporting losses of $11.1 million. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was negatively impacted by excess tax limitations on stock-based compensation expense.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 25%. The Company's foreign entities reported losses of $7.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The Company’s effective tax rate could fluctuate on a quarterly basis due to the occurrence of significant and unusual or infrequent items, such as vesting of stock-based compensation or foreign currency gains and losses. The Company’s effective tax rate could also fluctuate due to changes in the valuation of its deferred tax assets or liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, or interpretations thereof. In addition, the Company is occasionally subject to examination of its income tax returns by tax authorities in the jurisdictions it operates. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting released Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”) for a global minimum tax. Many countries have enacted certain aspects of the Pillar Two framework with effective dates in 2024. Entities operating in countries where Pillar Two has been enacted are required to estimate Pillar Two top-up tax obligations beginning in the first quarter of 2024.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not have material Pillar Two top-up tax obligations impacting the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of proposed and enacted legislation as new guidance becomes available.
As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions was $20.9 million, excluding related liabilities for interest and penalties of $0.5 million.
The Company believes it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease within the next 12 months by approximately $2.2 million, due to the settlement of various audits and the expiration of statutes of limitation.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Generally, forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may include words or phrases such as “believes,” “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” and words and phrases of similar impact. The forward-looking statements are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended.
Forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to, statements regarding future operations, business strategy, business environment, key trends, and, in each case, statements related to expected financial and other benefits. Many of these factors will be important in determining our actual future results. Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be incorrect. They may be based on inaccurate assumptions or may not account for known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may vary materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this report, except as required by law.
All forward-looking statements in this report are expressly qualified by the risk factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The cautionary statements in this report expressly qualify all of our forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Risk Factors in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and in Part 2, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.
The following discussion should be read together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and with our financial statements and related notes contained in this Form 10-Q. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be attained in the future.
Global Economy and Inflation
Since 2022, the global economy has experienced high inflation, increased interest rates, and pressures on gross domestic product. While we believe our business is resilient and can generally weather unusually high levels of inflation, inflationary pressures have had some impact on our financial performance. Specifically, inflation impacted our interchange costs associated with the Biller segment.
Overview
ACI Worldwide powers digital payments for more than 6,000 organizations around the world. More than 1,000 of the largest banks and intermediaries, as well as thousands of global merchants, rely on ACI to execute $14 trillion each day in payments and securities. In addition, myriad organizations utilize our electronic bill presentment and payment services. Through our comprehensive suite of software solutions delivered on customers' premises, through the public cloud or through ACI's private cloud, we provide real-time, immediate payments capabilities and enable the industry's most complete omni-channel payments experience.
Our products are sold and supported directly and through distribution networks covering three geographic regions – the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia Pacific. Each region has its own globally coordinated sales force, supplemented with local independent reseller and/or distributor networks. Our products and solutions are marketed under the ACI Worldwide brand and used globally by banks and intermediaries, merchants, and billers, such as third-party electronic payment processors, payment associations, switch interchanges, and a wide range of transaction-generating endpoints, including ATMs, merchant point-of-sale (“POS”) terminals, bank branches, mobile phones, tablets, corporations, and internet commerce sites.
We derive a majority of our revenues from domestic operations and believe we have large opportunities for growth in international markets, as well as continued expansion domestically in the United States. We also continue to maintain centers of expertise in Timisoara, Romania, and Pune and Bangalore in India, as well as key operational centers such as in Cape Town, South Africa and in multiple locations in the United States.
Our business and operating results are influenced by trends such as information technology spending levels, the growth rate of digital payments, mandated regulatory changes, and changes in the number and type of customers in the financial services industry, as well as economic growth, and purchasing habits.
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Key trends that currently impact our strategies and operations include:
Increasing digital payment transaction volumes. The adoption of digital payments continues to accelerate, propelled by the digitization of cash, financial inclusion efforts of countries throughout the world, the Internet of Things, rapid growth of eCommerce and the adoption of real-time payments. COVID-19 further accelerated this growth as more people, governments, and businesses embraced digital payments - a change that has continued. We leverage the growth in transaction volumes through the licensing of new systems to customers whose older systems cannot handle increased volume, through the sale of capacity upgrades to existing customers, and through the scalability of our platform-based solutions.
Adoption of real-time payments. Expectations from both consumers and businesses are continuing to drive the payments world to more real-time delivery. This is bolstered by the new data-rich ISO 20022 messaging format, which is delivering greater value to banks and their customers. We are seeing global players with existing schemes working to expand capacity in anticipation of volume growth and new payment types. Mature markets, including India, the United Kingdom, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Nordics, continue to accelerate innovation, especially in terms of overlay services and cross-border connectivity. The United States is driving real-time payments adoption through Zelle, TCH Real-Time Payments, and the FedNow service. We are seeing success with real-time payments in the Middle East as well, as they have started to renovate their payment systems from legacy payment types to the modern digital and real-time world. ACI's broad software portfolio, experience, and strategic partnerships with Mastercard, Microsoft, and Mindgate Solutions continue to position us as a leader in real-time payments, helping to drive seamless connectivity, increased security, and end-to-end modernization for organizations throughout the world.
Adoption of cloud technology. ACI has recognized the industry's technical inflection point in the transition from traditional on-premise infrastructure to the public cloud, and we are supporting our customers' cloud strategies. Public and private cloud technology innovations allow the financial services ecosystem to accelerate innovation and ensure scalability and resiliency while improving operating economics over time. As banks and intermediaries, merchants, and billers seek to transition their systems to make use of cloud technology, our investments and partnerships, as demonstrated by our product enablement and initial optimization onto Microsoft Azure, enable us to leverage those cloud technology benefits today and for the future while preserving ACI's fundamental base of performance, resiliency, and scalability.
Payments intelligence, fraud, and compliance. The accelerated adoption of real-time payments increases the urgency for industry-wide collaboration against fraud. As the threat of scams becomes a greater concern for remitting and receiving institutions, consumers are challenged with increased friction to prevent account take-over and criminals successfully persuading consumers to push transactions themselves, inadvertently, to mule accounts they have full control of, created with fake or synthetic identity, or simply "borrowed" with or without consent of the legit account holders. Regulators are beginning to litigate between consumers and financial institutions on the losses, and between emitting and receiving banks on the accountability for reimbursement. Banks and intermediaries, merchants, and billers are pursuing solutions to mitigate their risks while improving their customer experience, protecting their margins, and securing their revenue streams, especially with their new products and offerings. We continue to see opportunity for our advanced machine learning and network intelligence capabilities to stop criminals and enable frictionless legitimate business.
Omni-commerce. Shoppers are increasingly browsing, buying, and returning items across channels, including in-store, online, and mobile. COVID-19 accelerated this trend, leading to an increase in contactless payments, click and collect, and curbside collection. Merchants from all industries, including grocers, fuel and convenience stores, are being tasked with delivering seamless experiences that include pay-in-aisle, kiosks, mobile app payments, QR code payments, eCommerce, traditional and mobile POS, buy online pickup in-store (BOPIS), and buy online return in-store (BORIS). We believe there is significant opportunity to provide merchants with the tools to deliver a seamless, secure, personalized experience that creates loyalty and satisfaction, and drives conversion rates while protecting consumer data and preventing fraud.
Request for Payment (RfP). Markets across the world are introducing an innovative payments service called Request for Payment (RfP). This technology is known by different names in different markets: Collect payments in India, Request 2 Pay in Europe, Request To Pay (RTP) in the United Kingdom, or Request for Payment (RfP) in the United States. RfP offers secure messaging between consumers and billers or merchants, wherein a biller or merchant can request a payment from a consumer through the use of a trusted app, most likely a banking app. RfP is primarily being implemented on top of real-time payments, which are continuing to grow and flourish as countries around the world develop and launch their real-time schemes as noted above. ACI is in a unique position to deliver this overlay service given our real-time payments software, our relationships with banks, merchants, and billers, and global real-time connectivity.
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Several other factors related to our business may have a significant impact on our operating results from year to year. For example, the accounting rules governing the timing of revenue recognition are complex, and it can be difficult to estimate when we will recognize revenue generated by a given transaction. Factors such as creditworthiness of the customer and timing of transfer of control or acceptance of our products may cause revenues related to sales generated in one period to be deferred and recognized in later periods. For arrangements in which services revenue is deferred, related direct and incremental costs may also be deferred. Additionally, while the majority of our contracts are denominated in the U.S. dollar, a substantial portion of our sales are made, and some of our expenses are incurred, in the local currency of countries other than the United States. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates in a given period may result in the recognition of gains or losses for that period.
We continue to seek ways to grow through organic sources, partnerships, alliances, and acquisitions. We continually look for potential acquisitions designed to improve our solutions’ breadth or provide access to new markets. As part of our acquisition strategy, we seek acquisition candidates that are strategic, capable of being integrated into our operating environment, and accretive to our financial performance.
Backlog
Backlog is comprised of:
•Committed Backlog, which includes (1) contracted revenue that will be recognized in future periods (contracted but not recognized) from software license fees, maintenance fees, service fees, and SaaS and PaaS fees specified in executed contracts (including estimates of variable consideration if required under ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers) and included in the transaction price for those contracts, which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods and (2) estimated future revenues from software license fees, maintenance fees, services fees, and SaaS and PaaS fees specified in executed contracts.
•Renewal Backlog, which includes estimated future revenues from assumed contract renewals to the extent we believe recognition of the related revenue will occur within the corresponding backlog period.
We have historically included assumed renewals in backlog estimates based upon automatic renewal provisions in the executed contract and our historic experience with customer renewal rates.
Our 60-month backlog estimates are derived using the following key assumptions:
•License arrangements are assumed to renew at the end of their committed term or under the renewal option stated in the contract at a rate consistent with historical experience. If the license arrangement includes extended payment terms, the renewal estimate is adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component.
•Maintenance fees are assumed to exist for the duration of the license term for those contracts in which the committed maintenance term is less than the committed license term.
•SaaS and PaaS arrangements are assumed to renew at the end of their committed term at a rate consistent with our historical experiences.
•Foreign currency exchange rates are assumed to remain constant over the 60-month backlog period for those contracts stated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
•Our pricing policies and practices are assumed to remain constant over the 60-month backlog period.
In computing our 60-month backlog estimate, the following items are specifically not taken into account:
•Anticipated increases in transaction, account, or processing volumes by our customers.
•Optional annual uplifts or inflationary increases in recurring fees.
•Services engagements, other than SaaS and PaaS arrangements, are not assumed to renew over the 60-month backlog period.
•The potential impact of consolidation activity within our markets and/or customers.
We review our customer renewal experience on an annual basis. The impact of this review and subsequent updates may result in a revision to the renewal assumptions used in computing the 60-month backlog estimates. In the event a significant revision to renewal assumptions is determined to be necessary, prior periods will be adjusted for comparability purposes.
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The following table sets forth our 60-month backlog estimate, by reportable segment, as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in millions). Dollar amounts reflect foreign currency exchange rates as of each period end. This is a non-GAAP financial measure being presented to provide comparability across accounting periods. We believe this measure provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our financial performance.

|  |  |  |  |  |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Banks |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,235 |  |  | $ | 2,261 |
Merchants |  |  |  |  |  |  | 741 |  |  | 754 |
Billers |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,505 |  |  | 3,505 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,481 |  |  | $ | 6,520 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Committed |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,223 |  |  | $ | 2,178 |
Renewal |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,258 |  |  | 4,342 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,481 |  |  | $ | 6,520 |

Estimates of future financial results require substantial judgment and are based on several assumptions, as described above. These assumptions may turn out to be inaccurate or wrong for reasons outside of management’s control. For example, our customers may attempt to renegotiate or terminate their contracts for many reasons, including mergers, changes in their financial condition, or general changes in economic conditions in the customer’s industry or geographic location. We may also experience delays in the development or delivery of products or services specified in customer contracts, which may cause the actual renewal rates and amounts to differ from historical experiences. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may also impact the amount of revenue recognized in future periods. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that amounts included in backlog estimates will generate the specified revenues or that the actual revenues will be generated within the corresponding 60-month period. Additionally, because certain components of Committed Backlog and all of Renewal Backlog estimates are operating metrics, the estimates are not required to be subject to the same level of internal review or controls as contracted but not recognized Committed Backlog.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents the condensed consolidated statements of operations, as well as the percentage relationship to total revenues for items included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
Three Month Period Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to the Three Month Period Ended March 31, 2023

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Amount |  | % of Total Revenue |  | $ Change vs 2023 |  | % Change vs 2023 |  | Amount |  | % of Total Revenue
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software as a service and platform as a service | $ | 215,732 |  |  | 68 | % |  | $ | 10,802 |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 204,930 |  |  | 71 | %
License | 29,973 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 11,642 |  |  | 64 | % |  | 18,331 |  |  | 6 | %
Maintenance | 47,754 |  |  | 15 | % |  | (2,349) |  |  | (5) | % |  | 50,103 |  |  | 17 | %
Services | 22,560 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 6,248 |  |  | 38 | % |  | 16,312 |  |  | 6 | %
Total revenues | 316,019 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 26,343 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 289,676 |  |  | 100 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 191,107 |  |  | 60 | % |  | 12,553 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 178,554 |  |  | 62 | %
Research and development | 34,993 |  |  | 11 | % |  | (2,125) |  |  | (6) | % |  | 37,118 |  |  | 13 | %
Selling and marketing | 26,750 |  |  | 8 | % |  | (8,685) |  |  | (25) | % |  | 35,435 |  |  | 12 | %
General and administrative | 26,000 |  |  | 8 | % |  | (5,382) |  |  | (17) | % |  | 31,382 |  |  | 11 | %
Depreciation and amortization | 27,609 |  |  | 9 | % |  | (3,930) |  |  | (12) | % |  | 31,539 |  |  | 11 | %
Total operating expenses | 306,459 |  |  | 96 | % |  | (7,569) |  |  | (2) | % |  | 314,028 |  |  | 109 | %
Operating income (loss) | 9,560 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 33,912 |  |  | 139 | % |  | (24,352) |  |  | (9) | %
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (19,010) |  |  | (6) | % |  | (118) |  |  | 1 | % |  | (18,892) |  |  | (7) | %
Interest income | 4,009 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 504 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 3,505 |  |  | 1 | %
Other, net | (2,025) |  |  | (1) | % |  | 1,370 |  |  | (40) | % |  | (3,395) |  |  | (1) | %
Total other income (expense) | (17,026) |  |  | (6) | % |  | 1,756 |  |  | (9) | % |  | (18,782) |  |  | (7) | %
Loss before income taxes | (7,466) |  |  | (2) | % |  | 35,668 |  |  | (83) | % |  | (43,134) |  |  | (16) | %
Income tax expense (benefit) | 285 |  |  | — | % |  | 11,111 |  |  | (103) | % |  | (10,826) |  |  | (4) | %
Net loss | $ | (7,751) |  |  | (2) | % |  | $ | 24,557 |  |  | (76) | % |  | $ | (32,308) |  |  | (12) | %

Revenues
Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased $26.3 million, or 9%, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The impact of foreign currencies strengthening against the U.S. dollar resulted in a $0.2 million increase in total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•Adjusted for the impact of foreign currency, total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased $26.1 million, or 9%, as compared to the same period in 2023.
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Software as a Service (“SaaS”) and Platform as a Service (“PaaS”) Revenue
The Company’s SaaS arrangements allow customers to use certain software solutions (without taking possession of the software) in a single-tenant cloud environment on a subscription basis. The Company’s PaaS arrangements allow customers to use certain software solutions (without taking possession of the software) in a multi-tenant cloud environment on a subscription or consumption basis. Included in SaaS and PaaS revenue are fees paid by our customers for use of our Biller solutions. Biller-related fees may be paid by our clients or directly by their customers and may be a percentage of the underlying transaction amount, a fixed fee per executed transaction, or a monthly fee for each customer enrolled. SaaS and PaaS costs include payment card interchange fees, the amounts payable to banks and payment card processing fees, which are included in cost of revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. All fees from SaaS and PaaS arrangements that do not qualify for treatment as a distinct performance obligation, which includes set-up fees, implementation or customization services, and product support services, are included in SaaS and PaaS revenue.
SaaS and PaaS revenue increased $10.8 million, or 5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The impact of foreign currencies strengthening against the U.S. dollar resulted in a $0.3 million increase in SaaS and PaaS revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•Adjusted for the impact of foreign currency, SaaS and PaaS revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased $10.5 million, or 5%, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The increase was primarily driven by new customer go-lives since March 31, 2023, and higher transaction volumes during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
License Revenue
Customers purchase the right to license ACI software under multi-year, time-based software license arrangements that vary in length but are generally five years. Under these arrangements the software is installed at the customer’s location (i.e. on-premise). Within these agreements are specified capacity limits typically based on customer transaction volume. ACI employs measurement tools that monitor the number of transactions processed by customers and if contractually specified limits are exceeded, additional fees are charged for the overage. Capacity overages may occur at varying times throughout the term of the agreement depending on the product, the size of the customer, and the significance of customer transaction volume growth. Depending on specific circumstances, multiple overages or no overages may occur during the term of the agreement.
Included in license revenue are license and capacity fees that are payable at the inception of the agreement or annually (initial license fees). License revenue also includes license and capacity fees payable quarterly or monthly due to negotiated customer payment terms (monthly license fees). The Company recognizes revenue in advance of billings for software license arrangements with extended payment terms and adjusts for the effects of the financing component, if significant.
License revenue increased $11.6 million, or 64%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The increase was driven by license renewal timing as well as the relative size of new license and capacity events during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
Maintenance Revenue
Maintenance revenue includes standard, enhanced, and premium customer support and any post contract support fees received from customers for the provision of product support services.
Maintenance revenue decreased $2.3 million, or 5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The decrease was primarily driven by customers reducing premium customer support and maintenance on non-strategic products during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
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Services Revenue
Services revenue includes fees earned through implementation services and other professional services. Implementation services include product installations, product configurations, and custom software modifications (“CSMs”). Other professional services include business consultancy, technical consultancy, on-site support services, product education, and testing services. These services include new customer implementations as well as existing customer migrations to new products or new releases of existing products.
Services revenue increased $6.2 million, or 38%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The increase was primarily driven by the timing and magnitude of project-related work during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreased $7.6 million, or 2%, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•Total operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, included $2.6 million for cost reduction strategies and $0.3 million of other significant transaction-related expenses during the period, compared to $8.3 million for cost reduction strategies, $2.0 million of significant transaction-related expenses, $1.1 million for CEO transition, and $1.0 million of European data center migration expenses for the same period in 2023.
•The impact of foreign currencies strengthening against the U.S. dollar resulted in a $0.4 million increase in total operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
•Adjusted for significant transaction-related expenses and foreign currency, total operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased $1.5 million, or 1%, compared to the same period in 2023.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes costs to provide SaaS and PaaS, third-party royalties, amortization of purchased and developed software for resale, the costs of maintaining our software products, as well as the costs required to deliver, install, and support software at customer sites. SaaS and PaaS service costs include payment card interchange fees, amounts payable to banks, and payment card processing fees. Maintenance costs include the efforts associated with providing the customer with upgrades, 24-hour help desk, post go-live (remote) support, and production-type support for software that was previously installed at a customer location. Service costs include human resource costs and other incidental costs such as travel and training required for both pre go-live and post go-live support. Such efforts include project management, delivery, product customization and implementation, installation support, consulting, configuration, and on-site support.
Cost of revenue increased $12.6 million, or 7%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
•The increase was primarily due to higher payment card interchange and processing fees and cloud computing fees of $6.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The remaining increase was due to higher personnel and related expenses of $2.4 million, including a $0.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense.
Research and Development
Research and development (“R&D”) expenses are primarily human resource costs related to the creation of new products, improvements made to existing products as well as compatibility with new operating system releases and generations of hardware.
R&D expense decreased $2.1 million, or 6%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The decrease was primarily due to lower professional fees and personnel and related expenses of $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
Selling and Marketing
Selling and marketing includes both the costs related to selling our products to current and prospective customers as well as the costs related to promoting the Company, its products and the research efforts required to measure customers’ future needs and satisfaction levels. Selling costs are primarily the human resource and travel costs related to the effort expended to license our
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products and services to current and potential clients within defined territories and/or industries as well as the management of the overall relationship with customer accounts. Selling costs also include the costs associated with assisting distributors in their efforts to sell our products and services in their respective local markets. Marketing costs include costs incurred to promote the Company and its products, perform or acquire market research to help the Company better understand impending changes in customer demand for and of our products, and the costs associated with measuring customers’ opinions toward the Company, our products and personnel.
Selling and marketing expense decreased $8.7 million, or 25%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The impact of foreign currencies strengthening against the U.S. dollar resulted in a $0.2 million increase in selling and marketing expense during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•Adjusted for the impact of foreign currency, selling and marketing expense decreased $8.9 million, or 25%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The decrease was primarily due to lower personnel and related expenses and advertising and professional fees of $7.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses are primarily human resource costs including executive salaries and benefits, personnel administration costs, and the costs of corporate support functions such as legal, administrative, human resources, and finance and accounting.
General and administrative expense decreased $5.4 million, or 17%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, included $2.6 million for cost reduction strategies and $0.3 million of other expenses, compared to $8.3 million for cost reduction strategies, $2.0 million of significant transaction-related expenses, $1.1 million for CEO transitions, and $1.0 million of European data center migration expenses for the same period in 2023.
•The impact of foreign currencies strengthening against the U.S. dollar resulted in a $0.2 million increase in general and administrative expense during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•Adjusted for the impact of significant transaction-related expenses and foreign currency, general and administrative expense increased $4.0 million, or 21%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The increase was primarily due to higher personnel and related expenses, including a $1.1 million increase in stock-based compensation expense.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased $3.9 million, or 12%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
•The decrease was primarily due to a $2.5 million decrease in depreciation due to prior facilities cost reduction activities and $1.4 million decrease in amortization for fully amortized software acquired through acquisitions.
Other Income and Expense
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was flat compared to the same period in 2023.
Interest income includes the portion of software license fees paid by customers under extended payment terms that is attributed to the significant financing component. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased $0.5 million, or 14%, as compared to the same period in 2023.
Other, net is primarily comprised of foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Other, net was $2.0 million and $3.4 million of expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Income Taxes
See Note 10, Income Taxes, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Form 10-Q for additional information.
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Segment Results
See Note 9, Segment Information, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding segments.
The following is selected financial data for our reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks |  |  |  |  | $ | 105,429 |  |  | $ | 88,040 |
Merchants |  |  |  |  | 35,728 |  |  | 34,781 |
Billers |  |  |  |  | 174,862 |  |  | 166,855 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 316,019 |  |  | $ | 289,676 |
Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,638 |  |  | $ | 24,681 |
Merchants |  |  |  |  | 10,651 |  |  | 6,544 |
Billers |  |  |  |  | 30,737 |  |  | 29,641 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | (27,609) |  |  | (31,539) |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | (8,099) |  |  | (5,301) |
Corporate and unallocated expenses |  |  |  |  | (37,758) |  |  | (48,378) |
Interest, net |  |  |  |  | (15,001) |  |  | (15,387) |
Other, net |  |  |  |  | (2,025) |  |  | (3,395) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,466) |  |  | $ | (43,134) |

Banks Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $17.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, due to a $17.4 million increase in revenue primarily due to an increase in license and services revenues, partially offset by a $0.4 million increase in cash operating expense.
Merchants Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, due to a $0.9 million increase in revenue, and a $3.2 million decrease in cash operating expense.
Billers Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, due to a $8.0 million increase in revenue, partially offset by a $6.9 million increase in cash operating expense, primarily payment card interchange and processing fees.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Our primary liquidity needs are: (i) to fund normal operating expenses; (ii) to meet the interest and principal requirements of our outstanding indebtedness; and (iii) to fund acquisitions, capital expenditures, and lease payments. We believe these needs will be satisfied using cash flow generated by our operations, our cash and cash equivalents, and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility over the next 12 months and beyond.
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. As of March 31, 2024, we had $183.4 million of cash and cash equivalents, of which $69.2 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries. If these funds were needed for our operations in the United States, we may potentially be required to accrue and pay foreign and U.S. state income taxes to repatriate these funds. As of March 31, 2024, only the earnings in our Indian foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested. The earnings of all other foreign entities are no longer indefinitely reinvested. We are also permanently reinvested for outside book/tax basis difference related to foreign subsidiaries. These outside basis differences could reverse through sales of the foreign subsidiaries, as well as various other events, none of which are considered probable as of March 31, 2024.
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Available Liquidity
The following table sets forth our available liquidity for the dates indicated (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 183,393 |  |  | $ | 164,239 |
Availability under revolving credit facility | 461,900 |  |  | 373,900 |
Total liquidity | $ | 645,293 |  |  | $ | 538,139 |

The increase in total liquidity is primarily attributable to the $100.0 million increase in the maximum amount available under the revolving credit facility.
The Company and ACI Payments, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, maintain a $75.0 million uncommitted overdraft facility with Bank of America, N.A. The overdraft facility acts as a secured loan under the terms of the Credit Agreement to provide an additional funding mechanism for timing differences that can occur in the bill payment settlement process. As of March 31, 2024, the full $75.0 million was available.
On February 26, 2024, we entered into a Refinance Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 5, 2019 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, including by the Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”) with ACI Worldwide Corp and ACI Payments, Inc. as co-borrowers, the lenders, and Bank of America N.A, as administrative agent and lender. The Amendment, among other things, (i) provides a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million, (ii) provides a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $600 million, and (iii) extends the maturity date of the Facilities to February 26, 2029. The proceeds of the borrowings under the Amendment, together with cash on hand, were used to refinance all outstanding borrowings and replace all existing revolving commitments under the Credit Agreement immediately prior to the date of the Amendment and will be used to provide ongoing working capital and for other general corporate purposes.
Stock Repurchase Program
Our board approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the Company, as market and business conditions warrant, to acquire its common stock and periodically authorizes additional funds for the program. In February 2023, the board approved the repurchase of the Company's common stock of up to $200.0 million in place of the remaining purchase amounts previously authorized.
We repurchased 2,060,433 shares for $63.1 million under the program during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Under the program to date, we have repurchased 60,981,733 shares for approximately $1.0 billion. As of March 31, 2024, the maximum remaining amount authorized for purchase under the stock repurchase program was approximately $109.3 million. See Note 6, Common Stock and Treasury Stock, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Form 10-Q for additional information.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth summarized cash flow data for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net cash provided by (used by): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 123,241 |  |  | $ | 40,068 |
Investing activities | (17,790) |  |  | (8,739) |
Financing activities | (108,490) |  |  | (20,326) |

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities
The primary source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers for purchase and renewal of licensed software products and various services including software and platform as a service, maintenance, and other professional services. Our primary uses of operating cash flows include employee expenditures, taxes, interest payments, and leased facilities.
Cash flows provided by operating activities of $123.2 million were $83.2 million higher for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $40.1 million for the same period in 2023. Our operating cash flows for the current quarter increased primarily due to $38.3 million more in customer receipt collections on higher prior year-end receivable balances, $14.7 million less in income tax payments, as well as a $24.6 million lower net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023.
Our cash flow from operating activities can fluctuate from period to period due to several factors, including: the timing of billings, which are typically higher in the third and fourth quarters in conjunction with sales timing and are variable based upon license renewal timing; collections, which will lag the quarters with higher billings; the timing and amounts of interest due to interest rate fluctuations and semi-annual Senior Notes interest payments; income tax and other payments; and our operating results.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The changes in cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to the timing of our purchases and investments in capital and other assets, including strategic acquisitions, that support our growth.
During the first three months of 2024, we used cash of $17.8 million to purchase software, property, and equipment, as compared to $8.7 million during the same period in 2023.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
The changes in cash flows from financing activities primarily relate to borrowings and repayments related to our debt instruments and other debt, stock repurchases, and net proceeds related to employee stock programs.
During the first three months of 2024, we repaid a net $29.1 million on the Term Loan under the Amendment, $2.7 million of other debt payments, and $5.1 million of debt issuance costs. In addition, we used $62.5 million to repurchase common stock, $3.3 million for the repurchase of stock-based compensation awards for tax withholdings, and $18.9 million for settlement assets and liabilities due to processing timing. We received net proceeds of $12.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, and proceeds of $1.2 million from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of common stock under our 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended. During the first three months of 2023, we repaid $14.6 million on the Term Loans and $5.7 million of other debt payments. In addition, we used $3.0 million for the repurchase of stock-based compensation awards for tax withholdings and $2.8 million for settlement assets and liabilities due to processing timing. We received net proceeds of $5.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, and proceeds of $0.8 million from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of common stock under our 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to the contractual obligations and commercial commitments disclosed in Item 7 of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions we believe to be proper and reasonable under the circumstances. We continually evaluate the appropriateness of estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions, and that we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, include the following:
•Revenue Recognition
•Intangible Assets and Goodwill
•Business Combinations
•Stock-Based Compensation
•Accounting for Income Taxes
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates. Please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, for a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Excluding the impact of changes in interest rates, inflationary pressures, and the uncertainty in the global financial markets, there have been no material changes to our market risk for the three months ended March 31, 2024. We conduct business in all parts of the world and are thereby exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar is the single largest currency in which our revenue contracts are denominated. Any decline in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar results in our products and services being more expensive to a potential foreign customer. In those instances where our goods and services have already been sold, receivables may be more difficult to collect. Additionally, in jurisdictions where the revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars and operating expenses are incurred in the local currency, any decline in the value of the U.S. dollar will have an unfavorable impact to operating margins. At times, we enter into revenue contracts that are denominated in the country’s local currency, primarily in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, other European countries, Brazil, India, and Singapore. This practice serves as a natural hedge to finance the local currency expenses incurred in those locations. We have not entered into any foreign currency hedging transactions. We do not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for speculation or arbitrage.
The primary objective of our cash investment policy is to preserve principal without significantly increasing risk. If we maintained similar cash investments for a period of one year based on our cash investments and interest rates at March 31, 2024, a hypothetical ten percent increase or decrease in effective interest rates would increase or decrease interest income by $0.1 million annually.
We had approximately $1.0 billion of debt outstanding as of March 31, 2024, with $626.6 million outstanding under our Credit Facility and $400.0 million in 2026 Notes. Our Credit Facility has a floating rate, which was 7.43% as of March 31, 2024. Our 2026 Notes are fixed-rate long-term debt obligations with a 5.750% interest rate. A hypothetical ten percent increase or decrease in effective interest rates would increase or decrease interest expense related to the Credit Facility by approximately $4.7 million.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings the adverse outcome of which, individually or in the aggregate, we believe would be likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Additional risks and uncertainties, including risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or results of operations.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information regarding our repurchases of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
January 1, 2024 through January 31, 2024 | 1,055,355 |  |  | $ | 30.48 |  |  | 1,055,355 |  |  | $ | 140,248,000 |
February 1, 2024 through February 29, 2024 | 1,044,146 |  | (1) | 29.34 |  |  | 1,005,078 |  |  | 109,349,000 |
March 1, 2024 through March 31, 2024 | 65,505 |  | (1) | 32.13 |  |  | — |  |  | 109,349,000 |
Total | 2,165,006 |  |  | $ | 29.98 |  |  | 2,060,433 |  |  |

(1)Pursuant to our 2016 and 2020 Equity and Performance Incentive Plan, we granted RSUs. Under each arrangement, shares are issued without direct cost to the employee. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 292,250 shares of RSUs vested. We withheld 104,573 of those shares to pay the employees’ portion of the applicable minimum payroll withholding.
In 2005, our board approved a stock repurchase program authorizing us, as market and business conditions warrant, to acquire our common stock and periodically authorize additional funds for the program, with the intention of using existing cash and cash equivalents to fund these repurchases. In February 2023, the board approved the repurchase of the Company's common stock of up to $200.0 million, in place of the remaining purchase amounts previously authorized. As of March 31, 2024, the maximum remaining amount authorized for purchase under the stock repurchase program was approximately $109.3 million.
There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares we will repurchase. Repurchased shares are returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. In March 2005, our board approved a plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate the repurchase of shares of common stock under the existing stock repurchase program. Under our Rule 10b5-1 plan, we have delegated authority over the timing and amount of repurchases to an independent broker who does not have access to inside information about the Company. Rule 10b5-1 allows us, through the independent broker, to purchase shares at times when we ordinarily would not be in the market because of self-imposed trading blackout periods, such as the time immediately preceding the end of the fiscal quarter through a period of three business days following our quarterly earnings release.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Plans
None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following lists exhibits filed as part of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit No. |  |  | Description
3.01 | (1) |  | ACI Worldwide, Inc. Restated Certificate of Incorporation
3.02 | (2) |  | ACI Worldwide, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company
4.01 | (3) |  | Form of Common Stock Certificate (P)
10.01 |  |  | Refinancing Amendment, dated as of February 26, 2024, among ACI Worldwide, Inc., ACI Worldwide Corp., ACI Payments, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders
10.02 |  |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company, its directors and certain officers, including executive officers
31.01 |  |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.02 |  |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.01 | ** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.02 | ** |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
104 |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________
** This certification is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.
(P)Paper Exhibit
(1)Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed August 17, 2017.
(2)Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed April 1, 2022.
(3)Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to the registrant’s Registration Statement No. 33-88292 on Form S-1.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| ACI WORLDWIDE, INC. (Registrant)
Date: April 30, 2024 | By: | /s/ S COTT W. B EHRENS
|  | Scott W. Behrens
|  | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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