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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Income Before Income Taxes, Domestic and Foreign | Income before income taxes:
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022
United States | $ | 175.6 |  | $ | 173.8 |  | $ | 86.0 |
Non-United States | 318.6 |  | 356.7 |  | 464.9 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 494.2 |  | $ | 530.5 |  | $ | 550.9 |
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022
Current: |  |  |
Federal | $ | 28.6 |  | $ | 10.4 |  | $ | 11.2 |
State and local | 9.1 |  | 3.8 |  | 6.7 |
Foreign | 116.5 |  | 119.9 |  | 119.6 |
| $ | 154.2 |  | $ | 134.1 |  | $ | 137.5 |
Deferred: |  |  |
Federal | $ | (6.6) |  | $ | (12.1) |  | $ | (7.8) |
State and local | (2.7) |  | (1.5) |  | (0.3) |
Foreign | (26.0) |  | 2.0 |  | 4.5 |
| $ | (35.3) |  | $ | (11.6) |  | $ | (3.6) |
United States and foreign tax provision on income | $ | 118.9 |  | $ | 122.5 |  | $ | 133.9 |
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes and Effective Income Tax Rate | The following table is the reconciliation between the provision for income taxes and the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to income before taxes:
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022
Income tax at the U.S. federal statutory rate | $ | 103.8 |  | $ | 111.4 |  | $ | 115.7 |
Adjustments: |  |  |
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 4.9 |  | 5.3 |  | 5.3 |
Tax on foreign remittances and U.S. tax on foreign income | 16.8 |  | 25.6 |  | 19.0 |
Tax expense related to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries | 1.3 |  | 15.0 |  | 1.0 |
Foreign losses without current tax benefits | 6.1 |  | 7.7 |  | 3.1 |
Foreign earnings taxed at different rates including tax holidays | 16.6 |  | 18.1 |  | 19.4 |
U.S. foreign tax credit | (21.1) |  | (55.8) |  | (15.2) |
Effect of cross-border tax laws | (5.2) |  | (10.3) |  | (3.9) |
Accruals and settlements related to tax audits | (6.7) |  | (3.2) |  | (9.5) |
Other items, net | 2.4 |  | 8.7 |  | (1.0) |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 118.9 |  | $ | 122.5 |  | $ | 133.9 |
Effective income tax rate | 24.1 | % | 23.1 | % | 24.3 | %
Schedule of Effect of Temporary Differences Giving Rise to Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The effect of temporary differences giving rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:
| 2024 | 2023
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Accrued postretirement benefits cost | $ | 7.9 |  | $ | 8.0 |
Accrued pension cost | 39.3 |  | 44.1 |
Other employee benefit accruals | 10.7 |  | 14.3 |
Tax loss and credit carryforwards | 89.1 |  | 84.9 |
Other, net | 75.9 |  | 58.3 |
Valuation allowances | (48.7) |  | (39.3) |
| $ | 174.2 |  | $ | 170.3 |
Deferred tax liabilities - principally depreciation and amortization | (308.2) |  | (312.5) |
Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (134.0) |  | $ | (142.2) |
Schedule of Total Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | The following table reconciles the Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022
Beginning balance, January 1 | $ | 34.2 |  | $ | 26.0 |  | $ | 36.1 |
Tax positions related to the current year: |  |  |
Additions | 4.2 |  | 7.0 |  | 0.6 |
Tax positions related to prior years: |  |  |
Additions | 4.5 |  | 9.6 |  | 4.0 |
Reductions | (1.6) |  | (4.7) |  | (4.7) |
Settlements with tax authorities | (0.1) |  | (0.4) |  | (1.9) |
Lapses in statutes of limitation | (5.4) |  | (3.3) |  | (8.1) |
Ending balance, December 31 | $ | 35.8 |  | $ | 34.2 |  | $ | 26.0 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9 + Details
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