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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract] |
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic employees and certain employees in foreign countries, principally Canada. The Company’s salaried pension plans provide benefits based on final average earnings formulas. The Company’s hourly pension plans provide benefits under flat benefit and cash balance formulas. The Company also has contractual arrangements with certain employees which provide for supplemental retirement benefits. In general, the Company’s policy is to fund its pension benefit obligation based on legal requirements, tax and liquidity considerations and local practices. The Company has postretirement benefit plans covering certain domestic and Canadian employees. The Company’s postretirement benefit plans generally provide for the continuation of medical benefits for all eligible employees who complete a specified number of years of service and retire from the Company at age 55 or older. The Company does not fund its postretirement benefit obligation. Rather, payments are made as costs are incurred by covered retirees. Obligations and Funded Status A reconciliation of the change in benefit obligation and the change in plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, is shown below (in millions):
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
| December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
| U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of period | $ | 717.8 |  |  | $ | 493.0 |  |  | $ | 586.7 |  |  | $ | 459.5 |  |  |  | $ | 83.3 |  |  | $ | 46.8 |  |  | $ | 91.6 |  |  | $ | 42.4 |
Service cost | 4.7 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.9 |
Interest cost | 28.7 |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 28.5 |  |  | 20.4 |  |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 2.0 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (42.5 | ) |  | (12.4 | ) |  | 119.8 |  |  | 66.5 |  |  |  | (3.1 | ) |  | (1.2 | ) |  | (8.0 | ) |  | 6.9 |
Benefits paid | (22.1 | ) |  | (19.9 | ) |  | (20.9 | ) |  | (22.4 | ) |  |  | (4.6 | ) |  | (2.2 | ) |  | (4.5 | ) |  | (2.6 | )
Curtailment | — |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Special termination benefits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |
Translation adjustment | — |  |  | (64.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (39.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | (7.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3.6 | )
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | 686.6 |  |  | $ | 427.4 |  |  | $ | 717.8 |  |  | $ | 493.0 |  |  |  | $ | 78.9 |  |  | $ | 36.5 |  |  | $ | 83.3 |  |  | $ | 46.8 |
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
| December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
| U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Change in plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period | $ | 519.2 |  |  | $ | 415.1 |  |  | $ | 503.5 |  |  | $ | 417.0 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Actual return on plan assets | (3.7 | ) |  | 19.5 |  |  | 34.2 |  |  | 40.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Employer contributions | 28.7 |  |  | 13.9 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 2.6 |
Benefits paid | (22.1 | ) |  | (19.9 | ) |  | (20.9 | ) |  | (22.4 | ) |  |  | (4.6 | ) |  | (2.2 | ) |  | (4.5 | ) |  | (2.6 | )
Translation adjustment | — |  |  | (60.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (35.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fair value of plan assets at end of period | $ | 522.1 |  |  | $ | 368.2 |  |  | $ | 519.2 |  |  | $ | 415.1 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Funded status | $ | (164.5 | ) |  | $ | (59.2 | ) |  | $ | (198.6 | ) |  | $ | (77.9 | ) |  |  | $ | (78.9 | ) |  | $ | (36.5 | ) |  | $ | (83.3 | ) |  | $ | (46.8 | )
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
| December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
| U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other long-term assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45.5 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued liabilities | (2.5 | ) |  | (3.4 | ) |  | (2.5 | ) |  | (3.0 | ) |  |  | (5.1 | ) |  | (1.6 | ) |  | (5.1 | ) |  | (2.0 | )
Other long-term liabilities | (162.0 | ) |  | (99.5 | ) |  | (196.1 | ) |  | (120.4 | ) |  |  | (73.8 | ) |  | (34.9 | ) |  | (78.2 | ) |  | (44.8 | )
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the accumulated benefit obligation for all of the Company’s pension plans was $1,099.2 million and $1,192.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the majority of the Company’s pension plans had accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets. The projected benefit obligation, the accumulated benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets of pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were $874.4 million, $859.5 million and $607.0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2015, and $930.4 million, $912.5 million and $608.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2014. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Pretax amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, are shown below (in millions):
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
| December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
| U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Actuarial gains (losses) recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustments | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  |  | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | (0.7 | ) |  | $ | 0.1 |
Actuarial gain (loss) arising during the period | (0.4 | ) |  | 7.3 |  |  | (123.6 | ) |  | (53.4 | ) |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | (6.9 | )
Prior service credit recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | )
Translation adjustment | — |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
| $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | 24.2 |  |  | $ | (123.9 | ) |  | $ | (47.5 | ) |  |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  | $ | (7.0 | )
In addition, the Company recognized tax benefits (expense) in other comprehensive income (loss) related to its defined benefit plans of ($8.3) million, $56.5 million and ($70.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Pretax amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, are shown below (in millions):
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
| December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
| U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Net unrecognized actuarial gain (loss) | $ | (135.9 | ) |  | $ | (73.4 | ) |  | $ | (138.1 | ) |  | $ | (97.6 | ) |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | (5.4 | ) |  | $ | 11.7 |  |  | $ | (11.3 | )
Prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |
| $ | (135.9 | ) |  | $ | (73.4 | ) |  | $ | (138.1 | ) |  | $ | (97.6 | ) |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | (4.2 | ) |  | $ | 11.7 |  |  | $ | (9.4 | )
Pretax amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2015, that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) in the year ending December 31, 2016, are shown below (in millions):
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
| U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Net unrecognized actuarial loss | $ | (2.7 | ) |  | $ | (3.1 | ) |  |  | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | )
Prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
| $ | (2.7 | ) |  | $ | (3.1 | ) |  |  | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | 0.1 |
Net Periodic Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Cost (Credit) The components of the Company’s net periodic pension benefit cost (credit) are shown below (in millions):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Pension | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Service cost | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 8.8 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 10.2 |
Interest cost | 28.7 |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 28.5 |  |  | 20.4 |  |  | 26.2 |  |  | 20.7 |
Expected return on plan assets | (39.4 | ) |  | (25.7 | ) |  | (38.1 | ) |  | (27.0 | ) |  | (32.4 | ) |  | (25.1 | )
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss | 2.6 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 1.3 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 6.4 |
Curtailment loss | — |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlement loss | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.5 |
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) | $ | (3.2 | ) |  | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | (6.1 | ) |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 14.7 |
The components of the Company’s net periodic other postretirement benefit cost (credit) are shown below (in millions):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Other Postretirement | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
Service cost | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |
Interest cost | 3.1 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 2.0 |
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss | (1.2 | ) |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.3 |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | )
Special termination benefits | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Settlement gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.9 | )
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  | $ | 3.6 |  |  | $ | (2.2 | )
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a pension curtailment loss of $7.7 million, and for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recognized a pension settlement loss of $2.5 million related to its restructuring actions (Note 4, "Restructuring"). Assumptions The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in determining the benefit obligations are shown below:
| Pension |  | Other Postretirement
December 31, | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Discount rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic plans | 4.4% |  | 4.1% |  | 4.2% |  | 3.9%
Foreign plans | 3.8% |  | 3.6% |  | 4.2% |  | 4.0%
Rate of compensation increase: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign plans | 3.3% |  | 3.1% |  | N/A |  | N/A
The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in determining the net periodic benefit cost (credit) are shown below:
For the year ended December 31, | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Pension |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate: |  |  |  |  |
Domestic plans | 4.1 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  | 4.1 | %
Foreign plans | 3.6 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 4.3 | %
Expected return on plan assets: |  |  |  |  |
Domestic plans | 7.8 | % |  | 7.8 | % |  | 8.0 | %
Foreign plans | 6.5 | % |  | 6.7 | % |  | 6.7 | %
Rate of compensation increase: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign plans | 3.1 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 4.8 | %
Other postretirement |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate: |  |  |  |  |
Domestic plans | 3.9 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 3.7 | %
Foreign plans | 4.0 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  | 4.4 | %
The expected return on plan assets is determined based on several factors, including adjusted historical returns, historical risk premiums for various asset classes and target asset allocations within the portfolio. Adjustments made to the historical returns are based on recent return experience in the equity and fixed income markets and the belief that deviations from historical returns are likely over the relevant investment horizon. Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement benefit plans. A 1% increase in the assumed rate of healthcare cost increases each year would increase the postretirement benefit obligation by $16.0 million as of December 31, 2015, and increase the net periodic postretirement benefit cost by $1.0 million for the year then ended. A 1% decrease in the assumed rate of healthcare cost increases each year would decrease the postretirement benefit obligation by $13.2 million as of December 31, 2015, and decrease the net periodic postretirement benefit cost by $0.7 million for the year then ended. For the measurement of postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2015, domestic healthcare costs were assumed to increase 6.7% in 2016, grading down over time to 4.5% in 2021. Foreign healthcare costs were assumed to increase 5.3% in 2016, grading down over time to 4.5% in 2031 on a weighted average basis. Plan Assets With the exception of alternative investments, plan assets are valued at fair value using a market approach and observable inputs, such as quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1 and Level 2 inputs based on the GAAP fair value hierarchy). Alternative investments are valued at fair value based on net asset per share or unit provided for each investment fund (Level 2 input based on the GAAP fair value hierarchy). For further information on the GAAP fair value hierarchy, see Note 13, "Financial Instruments." The Company’s pension plan assets by asset category are shown below (in millions). Pension plan assets for the foreign plans relate to the Company’s pension plans primarily in Canada and the United Kingdom.
December 31, | 2015 |  | 2014
Equity securities: |  |  |
Domestic plans | $ | 302.2 |  |  | $ | 317.7 |
Foreign plans | 211.5 |  |  | 238.9 |
Debt securities: |  |  |
Domestic plans | 130.8 |  |  | 137.9 |
Foreign plans | 115.2 |  |  | 136.8 |
Alternative investments: |  |  |
Domestic plans | 53.0 |  |  | 53.7 |
Foreign plans | 34.0 |  |  | 33.1 |
Cash and other: |  |  |
Domestic plans | 36.1 |  |  | 9.9 |
Foreign plans | 7.5 |  |  | 6.3 |
The Company’s investment policies incorporate an asset allocation strategy that emphasizes the long-term growth of capital. The Company believes that this strategy is consistent with the long-term nature of plan liabilities and ultimate cash needs of the plans. For the domestic portfolio, the Company targets an equity allocation of 50% — 75% of plan assets, a fixed income allocation of 15% — 40%, an alternative investment allocation of 0% — 30% and a cash allocation of 0% — 10%. For the foreign portfolio, the Company targets an equity allocation of 45% — 65% of plan assets, a fixed income allocation of 30% — 40%, an alternative investment allocation of 0% — 20% and a cash allocation of 0% — 10%. Differences in the target allocations of the domestic and foreign portfolios are reflective of differences in the underlying plan liabilities. Diversification within the investment portfolios is pursued by asset class and investment management style. The investment portfolios are reviewed on a quarterly basis to maintain the desired asset allocations, given the market performance of the asset classes and investment management styles. The Company utilizes investment management firms to manage these assets in accordance with the Company’s investment policies. Excluding alternative investments, mutual funds and ETFs, retained investment managers are provided investment guidelines that indicate prohibited assets, which include commodities contracts, futures contracts, options, venture capital, real estate, interest-only or principal-only strips and investments in the Company’s own debt or equity. Derivative instruments are also prohibited without the specific approval of the Company. Investment managers are limited in the maximum size of individual security holdings and the maximum exposure to any one industry relative to the total portfolio. Fixed income managers are provided further investment guidelines that indicate minimum credit ratings for debt securities and limitations on weighted average maturity and portfolio duration. The Company evaluates investment manager performance against market indices which the Company believes are appropriate to the investment management style for which the investment manager has been retained. The Company’s investment policies incorporate an investment goal of aggregate portfolio returns which exceed the returns of the appropriate market indices by a reasonable spread over the relevant investment horizon. Contributions The Company's minimum required contributions to its domestic and foreign pension plans are expected to be approximately $10 to $15 million in 2016. The Company may elect to make contributions in excess of minimum funding requirements in response to investment performance or changes in interest rates or when the Company believes that it is financially advantageous to do so and based on its other cash requirements. The Company’s minimum funding requirements after 2016 will depend on several factors, including investment performance and interest rates. The Company’s minimum funding requirements may also be affected by changes in applicable legal requirements. Benefit Payments As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s estimate of expected benefit payments, excluding expected settlements relating to its restructuring actions, in each of the five succeeding years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are shown below (in millions):
| Pension |  |  | Other Postretirement
Year | U.S. |  | Foreign |  |  | U.S. |  | Foreign
2016 | $ | 25.9 |  |  | $ | 27.3 |  |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |
2017 | 26.7 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 1.5 |
2018 | 27.8 |  |  | 18.8 |  |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 1.5 |
2019 | 29.4 |  |  | 19.0 |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 1.6 |
2020 | 31.0 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 1.7 |
Five years thereafter | 173.1 |  |  | 109.5 |  |  |  | 26.4 |  |  | 9.8 |
Multi-Employer Pension Plans The Company currently participates in two multi-employer pension plans, the U.A.W. Labor-Management Group Pension Plan and UNITE Here National Retirement Fund, for certain of its employees. Contributions to these plans are based on three collective bargaining agreements. Two of the agreements expire on July 1, 2016, and one expires on April 24, 2020. Detailed information related to these plans is shown below (amounts in millions):
| Pension Protection Act Zone Status |  |  |  |  |  | Contributions to Multiemployer Pension Plans
Employer Identification Number | December 31, 2015 Certification |  | December 31, 2014 Certification |  | FIP/RP Pending or Implemented |  | Surcharge |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2014 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2013
516099782-001 | Green |  | Green |  | No |  | No |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |
13-6130178 | Red |  | Red |  | Yes |  | Yes |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.2 |
Defined Contribution Plan The Company also sponsors defined contribution plans and participates in government-sponsored programs in certain foreign countries. Contributions are determined as a percentage of each covered employee’s salary. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the aggregate cost of the defined contribution pension plans was $13.3 million, $12.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively. The Company also has a defined contribution retirement program for its salaried employees. Contributions to this program are determined as a percentage of each covered employee’s eligible compensation. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded expense of $19.4 million, $17.8 million and $16.4 million, respectively, related to this program.

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