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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Change in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets
A reconciliation of the change in benefit obligation and the change in plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, is shown below (in millions):
 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Change in benefit obligation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of period
$
548.2

 
$
442.5

 
$
686.6

 
$
427.4

 
 
$
64.7

 
$
38.8

 
$
78.9

 
$
36.5

Service cost
5.0

 
7.3

 
5.6

 
6.5

 
 
0.1

 
0.5

 
0.2

 
0.5

Interest cost
21.8

 
15.0

 
29.8

 
15.8

 
 
2.4

 
1.5

 
3.2

 
1.6

Actuarial (gain) loss
8.6

 
11.7

 
3.5

 
27.4

 
 
(4.5
)
 
(0.7
)
 
(12.8
)
 
0.8

Benefits paid
(25.6
)
 
(23.6
)
 
(22.4
)
 
(29.1
)
 
 
(4.0
)
 
(1.6
)
 
(4.8
)
 
(1.9
)
Lump sum payout (1)

 

 
(154.9
)
 

 
 

 

 

 

Curtailment

 
0.8

 

 

 
 
(2.1
)
 
(0.2
)
 

 

Special termination benefits

 

 

 

 
 

 
0.1

 

 
0.3

Translation adjustment

 
36.9

 

 
(5.5
)
 
 

 
2.8

 

 
1.0

Benefit obligation at end of period
$
558.0

 
$
490.6

 
$
548.2

 
$
442.5

 
 
$
56.6

 
$
41.2

 
$
64.7

 
$
38.8


 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Change in plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at
beginning of period
$
412.6

 
$
367.1

 
$
522.1

 
$
368.2

 
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Actual return on plan assets
49.1

 
28.2

 
30.2

 
21.1

 
 

 

 

 

Employer contributions
2.1

 
7.5

 
37.6

 
8.5

 
 
4.0

 
1.6

 
4.8

 
1.9

Benefits paid
(25.6
)
 
(23.6
)
 
(22.4
)
 
(29.1
)
 
 
(4.0
)
 
(1.6
)
 
(4.8
)
 
(1.9
)
Lump sum payout (1)

 

 
(154.9
)
 

 
 

 

 

 

Translation adjustment

 
27.2

 

 
(1.6
)
 
 

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets at end of period
$
438.2

 
$
406.4

 
$
412.6

 
$
367.1

 
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funded status
$
(119.8
)
 
$
(84.2
)
 
$
(135.6
)
 
$
(75.4
)
 
 
$
(56.6
)
 
$
(41.2
)
 
$
(64.7
)
 
$
(38.8
)
Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other long-term assets
$
0.1

 
$
38.1

 
$

 
$
40.3

 
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Accrued liabilities
(2.1
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(2.2
)
 
(2.7
)
 
 
(4.2
)
 
(1.5
)
 
(4.2
)
 
(1.5
)
Other long-term liabilities
(117.8
)
 
(119.4
)
 
(133.4
)
 
(113.0
)
 
 
(52.4
)
 
(39.7
)
 
(60.5
)
 
(37.3
)

(1)
See Lump-Sum Payout below for further discussion
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the majority of the Company's pension plans had accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets. Information related to pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets is shown below (in millions):
December 31,
2017
 
2016
Projected benefit obligation
$
768.1

 
$
747.3

Accumulated benefit obligation
754.1

 
730.4

Fair value of plan assets
525.7

 
496.0

Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Pretax amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, are shown below (in millions):
 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Actuarial gains (losses) recognized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassification adjustments
$
2.6

 
$
5.1

 
$
2.7

 
$
3.1

 
 
$
(2.6
)
 
$
0.3

 
$
(1.3
)
 
$
0.2

Actuarial gain (loss) arising during the period
11.4

 
(6.0
)
 
(10.1
)
 
(30.0
)
 
 
4.5

 
0.7

 
12.8

 
(0.8
)
Effect of curtailment

 

 

 

 
 
2.1

 
0.2

 

 

Effect of settlement
0.2

 
0.8

 
33.2

 
0.4

 
 

 

 

 

Prior service credit recognized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassification adjustments

 

 

 

 
 

 
(0.4
)
 

 
(0.3
)
Translation adjustment

 
(8.2
)
 

 
(1.0
)
 
 

 
(0.4
)
 

 
(0.1
)
 
$
14.2

 
$
(8.3
)
 
$
25.8

 
$
(27.5
)
 
 
$
4.0

 
$
0.4

 
$
11.5

 
$
(1.0
)
Amounts Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Not Yet Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Pretax amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, are shown below (in millions):
 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Net unrecognized actuarial gain (loss)
$
(95.9
)
 
$
(109.2
)
 
$
(110.1
)
 
$
(100.9
)
 
 
$
27.0

 
$
(5.4
)
 
$
25.1

 
$
(6.1
)
Prior service credit

 

 

 

 
 
2.1

 
0.6

 

 
0.9

 
$
(95.9
)
 
$
(109.2
)
 
$
(110.1
)
 
$
(100.9
)
 
 
$
29.1

 
$
(4.8
)
 
$
25.1

 
$
(5.2
)
Amounts Recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss That Are Expected To Be Recognized As Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost in Next Fiscal Year
Pretax amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2017, that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) in the year ending December 31, 2018, are shown below (in millions):
 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Net unrecognized actuarial gain (loss)
$
(2.1
)
 
$
(6.0
)
 
 
$
2.2

 
$
(0.1
)
Prior service credit

 

 
 
0.2

 
0.3

 
$
(2.1
)
 
$
(6.0
)
 
 
$
2.4

 
$
0.2

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)
The components of the Company’s net periodic pension benefit cost (credit) are shown below (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Pension
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Service cost
$
5.0

 
$
7.3

 
$
5.6

 
$
6.5

 
$
4.7

 
$
8.4

Interest cost
21.8

 
15.0

 
29.8

 
15.8

 
28.7

 
16.2

Expected return on plan assets
(28.9
)
 
(22.9
)
 
(38.1
)
 
(23.2
)
 
(39.4
)
 
(25.7
)
Amortization of actuarial loss
2.6

 
5.1

 
2.7

 
3.1

 
2.6

 
4.1

Curtailment loss

 
0.9

 

 

 

 
7.7

Settlement loss
0.2

 
0.8

 
34.4

 
0.4

 
0.2

 

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
$
0.7

 
$
6.2

 
$
34.4

 
$
2.6

 
$
(3.2
)
 
$
10.7


The components of the Company’s net periodic other postretirement benefit cost (credit) are shown below (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Other Postretirement
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
Service cost
$
0.1

 
$
0.5

 
$
0.2

 
$
0.5

 
$
0.2

 
$
0.7

Interest cost
2.4

 
1.5

 
3.2

 
1.6

 
3.1

 
1.7

Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss
(2.6
)
 
0.3

 
(1.3
)
 
0.2

 
(1.2
)
 
0.5

Amortization of prior service credit

 
(0.4
)
 

 
(0.3
)
 

 
(0.4
)
Special termination benefits

 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 

 
0.8

Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
$
(0.1
)
 
$
2.0

 
$
2.1

 
$
2.3

 
$
2.1

 
$
3.3

Weighted Average Actuarial Assumptions Used
The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in determining the benefit obligations are shown below:
 
Pension
 
Other Postretirement
December 31,
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Discount rate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic plans
3.6%
 
4.1%
 
3.5%
 
3.9%
Foreign plans
3.1%
 
3.3%
 
3.5%
 
3.9%
Rate of compensation increase:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign plans
3.3%
 
3.3%
 
N/A
 
N/A

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used in determining the net periodic benefit cost (credit) are shown below:
For the year ended December 31,
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Pension
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic plans
4.1
%
 
4.4
%
 
4.1
%
Foreign plans
3.3
%
 
3.8
%
 
3.6
%
Expected return on plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic plans
7.3
%
 
7.5
%
 
7.8
%
Foreign plans
6.3
%
 
6.3
%
 
6.5
%
Rate of compensation increase:
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign plans
3.3
%
 
3.3
%
 
3.1
%
Other postretirement
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic plans
3.9
%
 
4.2
%
 
3.9
%
Foreign plans
3.9
%
 
4.2
%
 
4.0
%
Sensitivity to Change in the Health Care Cost Trend Rates
The sensitivity to a 100 basis point ("bp") change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rates is shown below (in millions):
 
Postretirement Benefit Obligation
 
Net Periodic Postretirement Cost
100 bp increase in healthcare cost trend rates
$
13.9

 
$
0.8

100 bp decrease in healthcare cost trend rates
$
(11.3
)
 
$
(0.6
)
Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
The assumed healthcare cost trend rates used to measure the postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2017, are shown below:
 
U.S. Plans
 
Foreign Plans
Initial healthcare cost trend rate
6.5%
 
5.4%
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate
4.5%
 
4.5%
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate achieved
2021
 
2031
Pension Plan Assets By Asset Category and Fair Value Hierarchy
Fair value measurements and the related valuation techniques and fair value hierarchy level for the Company’s pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, are shown below (in millions):
 
December 31, 2017
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Valuation Technique
U.S. Plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mutual funds
$
149.6

 
$
149.6

 
$

 
$

 
Market
Common stock
80.5

 
54.9

 
25.6

 

 
Market
Fixed income -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mutual funds
101.6

 
101.6

 

 

 
Market
Corporate bonds
24.8

 

 
24.8

 

 
Market
Government obligations
23.5

 

 
23.5

 

 
Market
Preferred stock
1.5

 
1.0

 
0.5

 

 
Market
Cash and short-term investments
6.4

 
1.6

 
4.8

 

 
Market
Assets at fair value
387.9

 
$
308.7

 
$
79.2

 
$

 
 
Investments measured at net asset value -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investments
50.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets at fair value
$
438.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities -

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity funds
$
163.3

 
$

 
$
163.3

 
$

 
Market
Common stock
71.6

 
71.6

 

 

 
Market
Fixed income -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income funds
30.9

 

 
30.9

 

 
Market
Corporate bonds
37.0

 

 
37.0

 

 
Market
Government obligations
58.8

 

 
58.8

 

 
Market
Cash and short-term investments
9.0

 
3.4

 
5.6

 

 
Market
Assets at fair value
370.6

 
$
75.0

 
$
295.6

 
$

 
 
Investments measured at net asset value -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investments
35.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets at fair value
$
406.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Valuation Technique
U.S. Plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mutual funds
$
137.7

 
$
137.7

 
$

 
$

 
Market
Common stock
77.5

 
51.1

 
26.4

 

 
Market
Fixed income -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mutual funds
86.5

 
86.5

 

 

 
Market
Corporate bonds
18.1

 

 
18.1

 

 
Market
Government obligations
29.9

 

 
29.9

 

 
Market
Preferred stock
1.4

 
0.9

 
0.5

 

 
Market
Cash and short-term investments
8.4

 
0.9

 
7.5

 

 
Market
Assets at fair value
359.5

 
$
277.1

 
$
82.4

 
$

 
 
Investments measured at net asset value -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investments
53.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets at fair value
$
412.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Plans:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity funds
$
132.6

 
$

 
$
132.6

 
$

 
Market
Common stock
73.2

 
73.2

 

 

 
Market
Fixed income -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income funds
31.2

 

 
31.2

 

 
Market
Corporate bonds
37.1

 

 
37.1

 

 
Market
Government obligations
53.8

 

 
53.8

 

 
Market
Cash
6.0

 
3.2

 
2.8

 

 
Market
Assets at fair value
333.9

 
$
76.4

 
$
257.5

 
$

 
 
Investments measured at net asset value -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investments
33.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets at fair value
$
367.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected Benefit Payments
As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s estimate of expected benefit payments in each of the five succeeding years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are shown below (in millions):
 
Pension
 
 
Other Postretirement
Year
U.S.
 
Foreign
 
 
U.S.
 
Foreign
2018
$
23.9

 
$
18.9

 
 
$
4.3

 
$
1.5

2019
25.4

 
18.7

 
 
4.3

 
1.5

2020
26.2

 
19.5

 
 
4.2

 
1.6

2021
26.9

 
19.9

 
 
4.2

 
1.7

2022
28.3

 
21.7

 
 
4.0

 
1.7

Five years thereafter
146.0

 
116.9

 
 
18.5

 
9.8

Information Related to Multi-Employer Pension Plans
Detailed information related to these plans is shown below (amounts in millions):
 
Pension Protection Act
Zone Status
 
 
 
 
 
Contributions to Multiemployer Pension Plans
Employer Identification Number
December 31,
2017
Certification
 
December 31,
2016
Certification
 
FIP/RP
Pending or
Implemented
 
Surcharge
 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
Year Ended December 31, 2015
516099782-001
Green
 
Red
 
Yes
 
No
 
$
0.6

 
$
0.6

 
$
0.5

13-6130178
Red
 
Red
 
Yes
 
No
 
0.4

 
0.4

 
0.3