Restructuring

2018

In 2018, the Company recorded charges of $88.0 million in connection with its restructuring actions. These charges consist of $63.7 million recorded as cost of sales, $24.0 million recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.3 million recorded as other expense. The restructuring charges consist of employee termination benefits of $74.5 million, asset impairment charges of $4.7 million and contract termination costs of $1.5 million, as well as other related costs of $7.3 million. Employee termination benefits were recorded based on existing union and employee contracts, statutory requirements, completed negotiations and Company policy. Asset impairment charges relate to the disposal of buildings, leasehold improvements and machinery and equipment with carrying values of $4.7 million in excess of related estimated fair values.

The Company expects to incur approximately $43 million of additional restructuring costs related to activities initiated as of December 31, 2018, and expects that the components of such costs will be consistent with its historical experience. Any future restructuring actions will depend upon market conditions, customer actions and other factors.

A summary of 2018 activity is shown below (in millions):



	Accrual as of		2018		Utilization						Accrual as of
	January 1, 2018		Charges		Cash			Non-cash			December 31, 2018
Employee termination benefits	$	93.0	$	74.5	$	(64.2	)	$	—		$	103.3
Asset impairments	—		4.7		—			(4.7		)	—
Contract termination costs	5.0		1.5		(1.1		)	—			5.4
Other related costs	—		7.3		(7.3		)	—			—
Total	$	98.0	$	88.0	$	(72.6	)	$	(4.7	)	$	108.7

2017

In 2017, the Company recorded charges of $72.6 million in connection with its restructuring actions. These charges consist of $59.2 million recorded as cost of sales, $14.3 million recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.9 million recorded as other income. The restructuring charges consist of employee termination benefits of $62.9 million, asset impairment charges of $1.3 million, pension benefit plan curtailment and settlement losses of $1.7 million and other contract termination costs of $1.7 million, as well as other related costs of $5.0 million. Employee termination benefits were recorded based on existing union and employee contracts, statutory requirements, completed negotiations and Company policy. Asset impairment charges relate to the disposal of buildings, leasehold improvements and machinery and equipment with carrying values of $1.3 million in excess of related estimated fair values.

A summary of 2017 activity, excluding the pension benefit plan curtailment and settlement losses of $1.7 million, is shown below (in millions):



	Accrual as of		2017		Utilization						Accrual as of
	January 1, 2017		Charges		Cash			Non-cash			December 31, 2017
Employee termination benefits	$	69.4	$	62.9	$	(39.3	)	$	—		$	93.0
Asset impairments	—		1.3		—			(1.3		)	—
Contract termination costs	4.6		1.7		(1.3		)	—			5.0
Other related costs	—		5.0		(5.0		)	—			—
Total	$	74.0	$	70.9	$	(45.6	)	$	(1.3	)	$	98.0

2016

In 2016, the Company recorded charges of $63.6 million in connection with its restructuring actions. These charges consist of $55.4 million recorded as cost of sales, $8.5 million recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses and $0.3 million recorded as other income. The restructuring charges consist of employee termination benefits of $54.1 million, asset impairment charges of $4.7 million and contract termination costs of $0.1 million, as well as other related costs of $4.7 million. Employee termination benefits were recorded based on existing union and employee contracts, statutory requirements, completed negotiations and Company policy. Asset impairment charges relate to the disposal of buildings, leasehold improvements and machinery and equipment with carrying values of $4.7 million in excess of related estimated fair values.

A summary of 2016 activity is shown below (in millions):



	Accrual as of		2016		Utilization						Accrual as of
	January 1, 2016		Charges		Cash			Non-cash			December 31, 2016
Employee termination benefits	$	66.5	$	54.1	$	(51.2	)	$	—		$	69.4
Asset impairments	—		4.7		—			(4.7		)	—
Contract termination costs	5.3		0.1		(0.8		)	—			4.6
Other related costs	—		4.7		(4.7		)	—			—
Total	$	71.8	$	63.6	$	(56.7	)	$	(4.7	)	$	74.0