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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jul. 04, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
A summary of the provision (benefit) for income taxes and the corresponding effective tax rate for the three and six months ended July 4, 2020 and June 29, 2019, is shown below (in millions, except effective tax rates):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
July 4,
2020
 
June 29,
2019
 
July 4,
2020
 
June 29,
2019
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
$
(41.0
)
 
$
73.3

 
$
(14.5
)
 
$
116.4

Pretax income (loss) before equity in net income of affiliates
$
(318.3
)
 
$
266.9

 
$
(209.8
)
 
$
553.8

Effective tax rate
12.9
%
 
27.5
%
 
6.9
%
 
21.0
%

In the first six months of 2020 and 2019, the provision for income taxes was primarily impacted by the level and mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. In addition, the Company recognized tax benefits (expense) related to the significant, discrete items shown below (in millions):
 
Six Months Ended
 
July 4,
2020
 
June 29,
2019
Restructuring charges and various other items
$
31.1

 
$
26.6

Valuation allowances on deferred tax assets of foreign subsidiaries
(22.0
)
 
(10.4
)
Share-based compensation
(0.2
)
 
3.2

Change in tax status of certain affiliates
—

 
18.4

 
$
8.9

 
$
37.8


Excluding the items above, the effective tax rate for the first six months of 2020 and 2019 approximated the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, adjusted for income taxes on foreign earnings, losses and remittances, valuation allowances, tax credits, income tax incentives and other permanent items.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. A major provision of the CARES Act allows net operating losses from the 2018, 2019 and 2020 tax years to be carried back up to five years, including years in which the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate was 35%, as opposed to the current U.S federal corporate income tax rate of 21%. For the three and six months ended July 4, 2020, the Company recognized tax benefits of $28.0 million due to the five-year net operating loss carryback period provided under the CARES Act, which include the positive and negative tax rate impact of various U.S. permanent and temporary differences, including the negative tax rate impact from the inclusion of foreign branch income.
For the six months ended July 4, 2020, the Company utilized the discrete effective tax rate method, as allowed by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, "Income Taxes," to calculate its interim income tax provision. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it was the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. The Company believes that, as a result of the current uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate as minor changes in annual forecasted pre-tax income or income tax expense or benefit can produce significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate. For the six months ended June 29, 2019, the Company calculated its interim income tax provision based on the estimated annual effective rate. 
The Company’s current and future provision for income taxes is impacted by the initial recognition of and changes in valuation allowances in certain countries. The Company intends to maintain these allowances until it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company’s future provision for income taxes will include no tax benefit with respect to losses incurred and, except for certain jurisdictions, no tax expense with respect to income generated in these countries until the respective valuation allowances are eliminated. Accordingly, income taxes are impacted by changes in valuation allowances and the mix of earnings among jurisdictions. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. In completing this evaluation, the Company considers all available evidence in order to determine whether, based on the weight of the evidence, a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets is necessary. Such evidence includes historical results, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and expectations for future taxable income (exclusive of the reversal of temporary differences and carryforwards), as well as the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. If, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets will not
be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. If operating results improve or decline on a continual basis in a particular jurisdiction, the Company’s decision regarding the need for a valuation allowance could change, resulting in either the initial recognition or reversal of a valuation allowance in that jurisdiction, which could have a significant impact on income tax expense in the period recognized and subsequent periods. In determining the provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes, the Company makes certain estimates and judgments, which affect its evaluation of the carrying value of its deferred tax assets, as well as its calculation of certain tax liabilities.
For further information related to the Company's income taxes, see Note 8, "Income Taxes," to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.