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STOCK BASED AND DEFERRED COMPENSATION | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
STOCK BASED AND DEFERRED COMPENSATION | STOCK BASED AND DEFERRED COMPENSATION We have a stock-based compensation plan, the Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), that was adopted in 2006 and has been amended or restated from time to time. The Plan was approved by our stockholders and is administered by our Board of Directors. The provisions of the Plan allow for the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share awards and performance-based awards in addition to non-qualified and incentive stock options. The Plan authorizes awards to officers, key employees, non-employee directors and consultants for up to 5,350,000 shares of common stock, of which 1,131,155 shares remain available for grant at September 30, 2017. The available shares include shares from expired, terminated or forfeited awards under prior plans that have since expired and are thus available for grant under the Plan. We believe that such awards provide a means of performance-based compensation to attract and retain qualified employees and better align the interests of our employees with those of our stockholders. Non-vested stock awards are usually granted with a five-year ratable vesting period for employees and with a three-year cliff vesting for both non-vested stock and performance-based awards granted to certain senior executive officers and non-employee directors. Compensation cost related to time-based restricted stock awards is measured as of the closing price on the date of grant and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. Compensation cost related to performance-based restricted stock awards is also measured as of the closing price on the date of grant but is expensed in accordance with ASC 718-10-25-20, Compensation – Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), which requires an assessment of probability of attainment of the performance target. As our performance targets are dependent on performance over a specified measurement period, once we determine that the performance target outcome is probable, the cumulative expense is recorded immediately with the remaining expense recorded on a straight-line basis through the end of the award vesting period. Beginning with grants in 2014, a portion of the performance-based restricted stock awards granted contain market conditions as defined by ASC 718. The guidance in ASC 718 requires that compensation expense for stock awards with market conditions be expensed based on a derived grant date fair value and expensed over the service period. We engaged a third party to perform a valuation analysis on the awards containing market conditions and our associated expense with those awards is based on the derived fair value from that analysis and is being expensed straight-line over the service period of the awards. Below is a summary of compensation expense and stock award activity (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Stock-based compensation expense | $ | 4,113 |  |  | $ | 3,729 |  |  | $ | 9,898 |  |  | $ | 11,042 |
Non-vested shares granted | 14,075 |  |  | 3,500 |  |  | 430,575 |  |  | 497,365 |
Performance-based non-vested shares granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154,120 |  |  | 66,698 |
Stock options exercised (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,400 |
Restricted stock awards vested (includes performance-based awards) | 5,780 |  |  | 6,940 |  |  | 295,544 |  |  | 341,490 |
(1) | As of December 31, 2016, we have no remaining unexercised stock options.
The following table includes additional information regarding our Plan (dollars in thousands):
|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost |  | $ | 21,920 |  |  | $ | 18,528 |
Weighted average years expense recognition period |  | 2.75 |  |  | 2.56 |
Total stock-based awards outstanding (1) |  | 1,302,176 |  |  | 1,147,271 |
(1) | Includes unvested restricted stock, performance-based awards (at target level) and restricted stock units.
We also offer a non-qualified deferred compensation plan ("deferred compensation plan") to highly compensated employees in order to allow them additional pre-tax income deferrals above and beyond the limits that qualified plans, such as 401k plans, impose on highly compensated employees. We do not currently offer a contribution match on the deferred compensation plan. All contributions to the plan to date have been funded by the employees and, therefore, we have no associated expense related to the deferred compensation plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016, other than minor administrative costs.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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