10-Q 1 mth2017-093010q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-9977
Meritage Homes Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Maryland |  | 86-0611231
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
8800 E. Raintree Drive, Suite 300, Scottsdale, Arizona |  | 85260
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(480) 515-8100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former Name, Former Address and Formal Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by a checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Date File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by a checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Common shares outstanding as of October 26, 2017: 40,326,062

MERITAGE HOMES CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 3
Unaudited Consolidated Income Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 | 4
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 | 5
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 40
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 40
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 40
Items 3-5. Not Applicable |
Item 6. Exhibits | 41
SIGNATURES | 42
INDEX OF EXHIBITS | 42

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
MERITAGE HOMES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)

|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 115,167 |  |  | $ | 131,702 |
Other receivables |  | 78,933 |  |  | 70,355 |
Real estate |  | 2,762,269 |  |  | 2,422,063 |
Real estate not owned |  | 39,793 |  |  | — |
Deposits on real estate under option or contract |  | 67,547 |  |  | 85,556 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | 16,378 |  |  | 17,097 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 32,080 |  |  | 33,202 |
Deferred tax asset |  | 56,870 |  |  | 53,320 |
Prepaids, other assets and goodwill |  | 83,121 |  |  | 75,396 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,252,158 |  |  | $ | 2,888,691 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 140,492 |  |  | $ | 140,682 |
Accrued liabilities |  | 193,102 |  |  | 170,852 |
Home sale deposits |  | 39,446 |  |  | 28,348 |
Liabilities related to real estate not owned |  | 35,768 |  |  | — |
Loans payable and other borrowings |  | 38,082 |  |  | 32,195 |
Senior and convertible senior notes, net |  | 1,266,160 |  |  | 1,095,119 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,713,050 |  |  | 1,467,196 |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01. Authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, par value $0.01. Authorized 125,000,000 shares; issued 40,326,062 and 40,030,518 shares at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively |  | 403 |  |  | 400 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 582,414 |  |  | 572,506 |
Retained earnings |  | 956,291 |  |  | 848,589 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 1,539,108 |  |  | 1,421,495 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 3,252,158 |  |  | $ | 2,888,691 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
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MERITAGE HOMES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home closing revenue |  | $ | 805,008 |  |  | $ | 735,870 |  |  | $ | 2,263,405 |  |  | $ | 2,127,332 |
Land closing revenue |  | 589 |  |  | 16,987 |  |  | 16,942 |  |  | 21,187 |
Total closing revenue |  | 805,597 |  |  | 752,857 |  |  | 2,280,347 |  |  | 2,148,519 |
Cost of home closings |  | (659,350 | ) |  | (604,891 | ) |  | (1,869,569 | ) |  | (1,755,260 | )
Cost of land closings |  | (1,646 | ) |  | (16,092 | ) |  | (15,504 | ) |  | (19,485 | )
Total cost of closings |  | (660,996 | ) |  | (620,983 | ) |  | (1,885,073 | ) |  | (1,774,745 | )
Home closing gross profit |  | 145,658 |  |  | 130,979 |  |  | 393,836 |  |  | 372,072 |
Land closing gross (loss)/profit |  | (1,057 | ) |  | 895 |  |  | 1,438 |  |  | 1,702 |
Total closing gross profit |  | 144,601 |  |  | 131,874 |  |  | 395,274 |  |  | 373,774 |
Financial Services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | 3,549 |  |  | 3,139 |  |  | 10,142 |  |  | 9,115 |
Expense |  | (1,524 | ) |  | (1,398 | ) |  | (4,454 | ) |  | (4,152 | )
Earnings from financial services unconsolidated entities and other, net |  | 3,489 |  |  | 4,215 |  |  | 9,673 |  |  | 10,802 |
Financial services profit |  | 5,514 |  |  | 5,956 |  |  | 15,361 |  |  | 15,765 |
Commissions and other sales costs |  | (55,845 | ) |  | (52,478 | ) |  | (158,866 | ) |  | (155,034 | )
General and administrative expenses |  | (31,636 | ) |  | (33,258 | ) |  | (90,849 | ) |  | (91,774 | )
(Loss)/earnings from other unconsolidated entities, net |  | (91 | ) |  | 440 |  |  | 852 |  |  | 856 |
Interest expense |  | (1,116 | ) |  | (167 | ) |  | (3,561 | ) |  | (5,127 | )
Other income, net |  | 2,028 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | 5,218 |  |  | 3,263 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 63,455 |  |  | 53,802 |  |  | 163,429 |  |  | 141,723 |
Provision for income taxes |  | (20,905 | ) |  | (16,915 | ) |  | (55,727 | ) |  | (43,989 | )
Net earnings |  | $ | 42,550 |  |  | $ | 36,887 |  |  | $ | 107,702 |  |  | $ | 97,734 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |  |  | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 2.45 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 2.55 |  |  | $ | 2.33 |
Weighted average number of shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 40,323 |  |  | 40,022 |  |  | 40,273 |  |  | 39,958 |
Diluted |  | 42,011 |  |  | 42,608 |  |  | 42,585 |  |  | 42,541 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
4

MERITAGE HOMES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 107,702 |  |  | $ | 97,734 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 12,071 |  |  | 11,470 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 9,898 |  |  | 11,042 |
Excess income tax provision from stock-based awards |  | — |  |  | 540 |
Equity in earnings from unconsolidated entities |  | (10,525 | ) |  | (11,658 | )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated entities |  | 10,410 |  |  | 11,439 |
Other |  | 1,265 |  |  | 4,942 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Increase in real estate |  | (336,069 | ) |  | (318,490 | )
Decrease/(increase) in deposits on real estate under option or contract |  | 13,633 |  |  | (3,160 | )
Increase in other receivables, prepaids and other assets |  | (15,207 | ) |  | (14,201 | )
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | 21,298 |  |  | 61,206 |
Increase in home sale deposits |  | 11,098 |  |  | 791 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (174,426 | ) |  | (148,345 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | (404 | ) |  | (242 | )
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities |  | 1,250 |  |  | — |
Purchases of property and equipment |  | (12,038 | ) |  | (12,256 | )
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment |  | 251 |  |  | 144 |
Maturities/sales of investments and securities |  | 1,297 |  |  | 645 |
Payments to purchase investments and securities |  | (1,297 | ) |  | (645 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (10,941 | ) |  | (12,354 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from Credit Facility, net |  | 10,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
Repayment of loans payable and other borrowings |  | (10,491 | ) |  | (18,286 | )
Repurchase of convertible senior notes |  | (126,691 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes |  | 300,000 |  |  | — |
Payment of debt issuance costs |  | (3,986 | ) |  | — |
Excess income tax provision from stock-based awards |  | — |  |  | (540 | )
Proceeds from stock option exercises |  | — |  |  | 232 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 168,832 |  |  | 6,406 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | (16,535 | ) |  | (154,293 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | 131,702 |  |  | 262,208 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 115,167 |  |  | $ | 107,915 |

See Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information in Note 13.
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
5

MERITAGE HOMES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Organization. Meritage Homes is a leading designer and builder of single-family homes. We primarily build in historically high-growth regions of the United States and offer a variety of homes that are designed to appeal to a wide range of homebuyers, including first-time, move-up, active adult and luxury. We have homebuilding operations in three regions: West, Central and East, which are comprised of nine states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Texas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. We also operate a wholly-owned title company, Carefree Title Agency, Inc. ("Carefree Title"). Carefree Title's core business includes title insurance and closing/settlement services we offer to our homebuyers. Through our predecessors, we commenced our homebuilding operations in 1985. Meritage Homes Corporation was incorporated in 1988 in the state of Maryland.
Our homebuilding and marketing activities are conducted under the name of Meritage Homes in each of our homebuilding markets. We also offer luxury homes under the brand name of Monterey Homes in some markets. At September 30, 2017, we were actively selling homes in 250 communities, with base prices ranging from approximately $170,000 to $1,390,000.
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Meritage Homes Corporation and those of our consolidated subsidiaries, partnerships and other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, and of variable interest entities (see Note 3) in which we are deemed the primary beneficiary (collectively, “us”, “we”, “our” and “the Company”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring entries), necessary for the fair presentation of our results for the interim periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Liquid investments with an initial maturity of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. Amounts in transit from title companies or closing agents for home closings of approximately $58.8 million and $75.3 million are included in cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Real Estate. Real estate is stated at cost unless the asset is determined to be impaired, at which point the inventory is written down to fair value as required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360-10”). Inventory includes the costs of land acquisition, land development, home construction, capitalized interest, real estate taxes, capitalized direct overhead costs incurred during development and home construction that benefit the entire community, less impairments, if any. Land and development costs are typically allocated and transferred to homes under construction when construction begins. Home construction costs are accumulated on a per-home basis, while selling costs are expensed as incurred. Cost of home closings includes the specific construction costs of the home and all related allocated land acquisition, land development and other common costs (both incurred and estimated to be incurred) that are allocated based upon the total number of homes expected to be closed in each community or phase. Any changes to the estimated total development costs of a community or phase are allocated to the remaining homes in the community or phase. When a home closes, we may have incurred costs for goods and services that have not yet been paid. An accrued liability to capture such obligations is recorded in connection with the home closing and charged directly to cost of sales.
We rely on certain estimates to determine our construction and land development costs. Construction and land costs are comprised of direct and allocated costs, including estimated future costs. In determining these costs, we compile project budgets that are based on a variety of assumptions, including future construction schedules and costs to be incurred. It is possible that actual results could differ from budgeted amounts for various reasons, including construction delays, labor or material shortages, increases in costs that have not yet been committed, changes in governmental requirements, or other unanticipated issues encountered during construction and development and other factors beyond our control. To address uncertainty in these budgets, we assess, update and revise project budgets on a regular basis, utilizing the most current information available to estimate construction and land costs.
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Typically, a community's life cycle ranges from three to five years, commencing with the acquisition of the land, continuing through the land development phase, if applicable, and concluding with the sale, construction and closing of the homes. Actual community lives will vary based on the size of the community, the sales absorption rate and whether the land purchased was raw, partially-developed or in finished status. Master-planned communities encompassing several phases and super-block land parcels may have significantly longer lives and projects involving smaller finished lot purchases may be shorter.
All of our land inventory and related real estate assets are reviewed for recoverability, as our inventory is considered “long-lived” in accordance with GAAP. Impairment charges are recorded to write down an asset to its estimated fair value if the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset are lower than its carrying amount. Our determination of fair value is based on projections and estimates. Changes in these expectations may lead to a change in the outcome of our impairment analysis, and actual results may also differ from our assumptions. Such an analysis is conducted if there is an indication of a decline in value of our land and real estate assets. The impairment of a community is allocated to each lot on a straight-line basis.
Deposits. Deposits paid related to land options and purchase contracts are recorded and classified as Deposits on real estate under option or contract until the related land is purchased. Deposits are reclassified as a component of real estate inventory at the time the deposit is applied to the acquisition price of the lots based on the terms of the underlying agreements. To the extent they are non-refundable, deposits are charged to expense if the land acquisition contract is terminated or no longer considered probable. Since our acquisition contracts typically do not require specific performance, we do not consider such contracts to be contractual obligations to purchase the land and our total exposure under such contracts is limited to the loss of the non-refundable deposits and any ancillary capitalized costs. Our deposits on real estate under option or contract were $67.5 million and $85.6 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Goodwill. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), we analyze goodwill on an annual basis (or whenever indication of impairment exists) through a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. ASC 350 states that an entity may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a goodwill impairment test. Such qualitative factors include: (1) macroeconomic conditions, such as a deterioration in general economic conditions, (2) industry and market considerations such as deterioration in the environment in which the entity operates, (3) cost factors such as increases in raw materials and labor costs, and (4) overall financial performance such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings. If the qualitative analysis determines that additional impairment testing is required, the two-step impairment testing in accordance with ASC 350 would be initiated. We continually evaluate our qualitative inputs to assess whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the goodwill balance may not be recoverable.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements - Joint Ventures. We may participate in land development joint ventures as a means of accessing larger parcels of land and lot positions, expanding our market opportunities, managing our risk profile and leveraging our capital base. See Note 4 for additional discussion of our investments in unconsolidated entities.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements - Other. In the normal course of business, we may acquire lots from various development entities pursuant to option and purchase agreements. The purchase price generally approximates the market price at the date the contract is executed (with possible future escalators). See Note 3 for additional information on off-balance sheet arrangements.
Surety Bonds and Letters of Credit. We provide surety bonds or letters of credit in support of our obligations relating to the development of our projects and other corporate purposes. Surety bonds are generally posted in lieu of letters of credit or cash deposits. The amount of these obligations outstanding at any time varies depending on the stage and level of completion of our development activities. Bonds are generally not released until all development activities under the bond are complete. In the event a bond or letter of credit is drawn upon, we would be obligated to reimburse the issuer for any amounts advanced under the bond or letter of credit. We believe it is unlikely that any significant amounts of these bonds or letters of credit will be drawn upon.
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The table below outlines our surety bond and letter of credit obligations (in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| Outstanding |  | Estimated work remaining to complete |  | Outstanding |  | Estimated work remaining to complete
Sureties: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sureties related to owned projects and lots under contract | $ | 278,779 |  |  | $ | 123,970 |  |  | $ | 239,246 |  |  | $ | 85,706 |
Total Sureties | $ | 278,779 |  |  | $ | 123,970 |  |  | $ | 239,246 |  |  | $ | 85,706 |
Letters of Credit (“LOCs”): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LOCs in lieu of deposits for contracted lots | $ | 250 |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | N/A |
LOCs for land development | 62,497 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 39,839 |  |  | N/A |
LOCs for general corporate operations | 3,750 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 3,750 |  |  | N/A |
Total LOCs | $ | 66,497 |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 43,839 |  |  | N/A |

Accrued Liabilities. Accrued liabilities at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Accruals related to real estate development and construction activities |  | $ | 63,227 |  |  | $ | 53,778 |
Payroll and other benefits |  | 46,922 |  |  | 52,941 |
Accrued interest |  | 30,722 |  |  | 15,017 |
Accrued taxes |  | 11,847 |  |  | 9,637 |
Warranty reserves |  | 24,432 |  |  | 22,660 |
Legal reserves (1) |  | 600 |  |  | 673 |
Other accruals |  | 15,352 |  |  | 16,146 |
Total |  | $ | 193,102 |  |  | $ | 170,852 |

(1) | See Note 15 for additional information related to our legal reserves.

Warranty Reserves. We provide home purchasers with limited warranties against certain building defects and we have certain obligations related to those post-construction warranties for closed homes. The specific terms and conditions of these limited warranties vary by state, but overall the nature of the warranties include a complete workmanship and materials warranty typically during the first one to two years after the close of the home and a structural warranty that typically extends up to 10 years subsequent to the close of the home. With the assistance of an actuary, we have estimated the reserves for the structural warranty based on the number of homes still under warranty and historical data and trends for our communities. We also use industry data with respect to similar product types and geographic areas in markets where our experience is incomplete to draw a meaningful conclusion. We regularly review our warranty reserves and adjust them, as necessary, to reflect changes in trends as information becomes available. In the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we decreased our warranty reserve balance by $275,000, which decreased our cost of sales. A summary of changes in our warranty reserves follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 23,620 |  |  | $ | 22,699 |  |  | $ | 22,660 |  |  | $ | 21,615 |
Additions to reserve from new home deliveries | 4,366 |  |  | 4,110 |  |  | 12,491 |  |  | 12,068 |
Warranty claims | (3,554 | ) |  | (4,843 | ) |  | (10,719 | ) |  | (11,442 | )
Adjustments to pre-existing reserves | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (275 | )
Balance, end of period | $ | 24,432 |  |  | $ | 21,966 |  |  | $ | 24,432 |  |  | $ | 21,966 |

Warranty reserves are included in Accrued liabilities on the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets, and additions and adjustments to the reserves, if any, are included in Cost of home closings within the accompanying unaudited
8

consolidated income statements. These reserves are intended to cover costs associated with our contractual and statutory warranty obligations, which include, among other items, claims involving defective workmanship and materials. We believe that our total reserves, coupled with our contractual relationships and rights with our trades and the general liability insurance we maintain, are sufficient to cover our general warranty obligations. However, as unanticipated changes in legal, weather, environmental or other conditions could have an impact on our actual warranty costs, future costs could differ significantly from our estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements.
In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230) ("ASU 2016-15"). ASU 2016-15 adds and clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows, reducing the existing diversity in practice that has resulted from the lack of consistent principles on this topic. ASU 2016-15 is effective for us beginning January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact adopting this guidance will have on classifications in our statement of cash flows.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. In addition, ASU 2016-09 permits entities to make an election to either estimate forfeitures or recognize them as they occur. ASU 2016-09 was effective for us beginning January 1, 2017, and is reflected prospectively in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying unaudited consolidated income statement. The impact of the adoption was not material to our consolidated financial statements, including our prior year statement of cash flow, which was not revised. We continue to estimate forfeitures in calculating stock-based compensation expense and have not elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"), which amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. We are currently evaluating the impact adopting this guidance will have on our financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASU 605, Revenue Recognition, most industry-specific guidance throughout the industry topics of the ASC, and some cost guidance related to construction-type and production-type contracts. ASU 2014-09 is effective for us on January 1, 2018, and the guidance allows for full retrospective or modified retrospective methods of adoption. We have substantially completed our evaluation on the impact that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on our financial statements. We do not expect it to have an impact on the amount or timing of our homebuilding revenues, although we expect there to be an immaterial impact to the timing of expense recognition related to ceasing the capitalization of certain selling costs we incur as part of the selling process.
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NOTE 2 — REAL ESTATE AND CAPITALIZED INTEREST
Real estate consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Homes under contract under construction (1) |  | $ | 677,456 |  |  | $ | 508,927 |
Unsold homes, completed and under construction (1) |  | 484,701 |  |  | 431,725 |
Model homes (1) |  | 140,326 |  |  | 147,406 |
Finished home sites and home sites under development (2) |  | 1,459,786 |  |  | 1,334,005 |
Total |  | $ | 2,762,269 |  |  | $ | 2,422,063 |

(1) | Includes the allocated land and land development costs associated with each lot for these homes.

(2) | Includes raw land, land held for development and land held for sale. Land held for development primarily reflects land and land development costs related to land where development activity is not currently underway but is expected to begin in the future. For these parcels, we may have chosen not to currently develop certain land holdings as they typically represent a portion or phases of a larger land parcel that we plan to build out over several years. We do not capitalize interest for inactive assets, and all ongoing costs of land ownership (i.e. property taxes, homeowner association dues, etc.) are expensed as incurred.

Subject to sufficient qualifying assets, we capitalize our development period interest costs incurred in connection with our real estate development and construction activities. Capitalized interest is allocated to active real estate when incurred and charged to cost of closings when the related property is delivered. A summary of our capitalized interest is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Capitalized interest, beginning of period | $ | 72,327 |  |  | $ | 64,682 |  |  | $ | 68,196 |  |  | $ | 61,202 |
Interest incurred | 21,024 |  |  | 17,372 |  |  | 58,199 |  |  | 52,644 |
Interest expensed | (1,116 | ) |  | (167 | ) |  | (3,561 | ) |  | (5,127 | )
Interest amortized to cost of home and land closings | (15,462 | ) |  | (14,256 | ) |  | (46,061 | ) |  | (41,088 | )
Capitalized interest, end of period | $ | 76,773 |  |  | $ | 67,631 |  |  | $ | 76,773 |  |  | $ | 67,631 |

NOTE 3 — VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES AND CONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE NOT OWNED
We enter into purchase and option agreements for land or lots as part of the normal course of business. These purchase and option agreements enable us to acquire properties at one or multiple future dates at pre-determined prices. We believe these acquisition structures reduce our financial risk associated with land acquisitions and allow us to better leverage our balance sheet.
Based on the provisions of the relevant accounting guidance, we have concluded that when we enter into a purchase or option agreement to acquire land or lots from an entity, a variable interest entity, or “VIE”, may be created. We evaluate all purchase and option agreements for land to determine whether they are a VIE. ASC 810, Consolidation, requires that for each VIE, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary and, if so, consolidate the VIE in our financial statements and reflect such assets and liabilities as Real estate not owned. The liabilities related to consolidated VIEs are generally excluded from our debt covenant calculations.
In order to determine if we are the primary beneficiary, we must first assess whether we have the ability to control the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance. Such activities include, but are not limited to: the ability to determine the budget and scope of land development work, if any; the ability to control financing decisions for the VIE; the ability of the VIE to acquire additional land or dispose of land not under contract with Meritage; and the ability to change or amend the existing option contract with the VIE. If we are not determined to control such activities, we are not considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If we do have the ability to control such activities, we will continue our analysis
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to determine if we are also expected to absorb a potentially significant amount of the VIE’s losses or, if no party absorbs the majority of such losses, if we will benefit from a potentially significant amount of the VIE’s expected gains.
In substantially all cases, creditors of the entities with which we have option agreements have no recourse against us and the maximum exposure to loss in our option agreements is limited to non-refundable option deposits and any capitalized pre-acquisition costs. Often, we are at risk for items over budget related to land development on property we have under option if we are the land developer. In these cases, we have contracted to complete development at a fixed cost for our benefit, but on behalf of the land owner, and any budget savings or shortfalls are typically borne by us. Some of our option deposits may be refundable to us if certain contractual conditions are not performed by the party selling the lots.
The table below presents a summary of our lots under option at September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

| Projected Number of Lots |  | Purchase Price |  | Option/ Earnest Money Deposits–Cash |
Purchase and option contracts recorded on balance sheet as Real estate not owned | 242 |  |  | $ | 39,793 |  |  | $ | 4,025 |  |
Option contracts — non-refundable deposits, committed (1) | 3,858 |  |  | 283,709 |  |  | 37,927 |  |
Purchase contracts — non-refundable deposits, committed (1) | 6,610 |  |  | 300,962 |  |  | 24,255 |  |
Purchase and option contracts —refundable deposits, committed | 560 |  |  | 17,669 |  |  | 902 |  |
Total committed | 11,270 |  |  | 642,133 |  |  | 67,109 |  |
Purchase and option contracts — refundable deposits, uncommitted (2) | 8,465 |  |  | 232,952 |  |  | 4,463 |  |
Total lots under contract or option | 19,735 |  |  | $ | 875,085 |  |  | $ | 71,572 |  |
Total purchase and option contracts not recorded on balance sheet (3) | 19,493 |  |  | $ | 835,292 |  |  | $ | 67,547 |  | (4)

(1) | Deposits are non-refundable except if certain contractual conditions are not performed by the selling party.

(2) | Deposits are refundable at our sole discretion. We have not completed our acquisition evaluation process and we have not internally committed to purchase these lots.

(3) | Except for our specific performance contracts recorded on our balance sheet as Real estate not owned, none of our option agreements require us to purchase lots.

(4) | Amount is reflected on our consolidated balance sheet in Deposits on real estate under option or contract as of September 30, 2017.

Generally, our options to purchase lots remain effective so long as we purchase a pre-established minimum number of lots each month or quarter, as determined by the respective agreement. Although the pre-established number is typically structured to approximate our expected rate of home construction starts, during a weakened homebuilding market, we may purchase lots at an absorption level that exceeds our sales and home starts pace in order to meet the pre-established minimum number of lots or we will work to restructure our original contract to terms that more accurately reflect our revised orders pace expectations.
NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES
We may enter into land development joint ventures as a means of accessing larger parcels of land, expanding our market opportunities, managing our risk profile and leveraging our capital base. While purchasing land through a joint venture can be beneficial, currently we do not view joint ventures as critical to the success of our homebuilding operations. In 2016, we entered into our first new joint venture since 2008. Based on the structure of each joint venture, it may or may not be consolidated into our results. Our joint venture partners are generally other homebuilders, land sellers or other real estate investors. We generally do not have a controlling interest in these ventures, which means our joint venture partners could cause the venture to take actions we disagree with, or fail to take actions we believe should be undertaken, including the sale of the underlying property to repay debt or recoup all or part of the partners' investments. As of September 30, 2017, we had three active equity-method land ventures.
As of September 30, 2017, we also participated in one mortgage joint venture, which is engaged in mortgage activities and provides services to both our homebuyers as well as other buyers. Our investment in this mortgage joint venture as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
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Summarized condensed combined financial information related to unconsolidated joint ventures that are accounted for using the equity method was as follows (in thousands):

| As of
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets: |  |  |
Cash | $ | 7,865 |  |  | $ | 7,446 |
Real estate | 54,214 |  |  | 54,319 |
Other assets | 4,151 |  |  | 6,461 |
Total assets | $ | 66,230 |  |  | $ | 68,226 |
Liabilities and equity: |  |  |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | $ | 6,072 |  |  | $ | 7,339 |
Notes and mortgages payable | 24,304 |  |  | 23,000 |
Equity of: |  |  |
Meritage (1) | 14,340 |  |  | 14,245 |
Other | 21,514 |  |  | 23,642 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 66,230 |  |  | $ | 68,226 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue | $ | 9,593 |  |  | $ | 13,374 |  |  | $ | 30,622 |  |  | $ | 34,875 |
Costs and expenses | (4,138 | ) |  | (5,762 | ) |  | (14,724 | ) |  | (15,408 | )
Net earnings of unconsolidated entities | $ | 5,455 |  |  | $ | 7,612 |  |  | $ | 15,898 |  |  | $ | 19,467 |
Meritage’s share of pre-tax earnings (1) (2) | $ | 3,398 |  |  | $ | 4,681 |  |  | $ | 10,648 |  |  | $ | 11,719 |

(1) | Balance represents Meritage’s interest, as reflected in the financial records of the respective joint ventures. This balance may differ from the balance reported in our consolidated financial statements due to the following reconciling items: (i) timing differences for revenue and distributions recognition, (ii) step-up basis and corresponding amortization, (iii) capitalization of interest on qualified assets, (iv) income deferrals as discussed in Note (2) below and (v) the cessation of allocation of losses from joint ventures in which we have previously written down our investment balance to zero and where we have no commitment to fund additional losses.

(2) | Our share of pre-tax earnings is recorded in Earnings from financial services unconsolidated entities and other, net and (Loss)/earnings from other unconsolidated entities, net on our consolidated income statements and excludes joint venture profit related to lots we purchased from the joint ventures. Such profit is deferred until homes are delivered by us and title passes to a homebuyer.

Our total investment in all of these joint ventures is $16.4 million and $17.1 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We believe these ventures are in compliance with their respective debt agreements, if applicable, and such debt is non-recourse to us.
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NOTE 5 — LOANS PAYABLE AND OTHER BORROWINGS
Loans payable and other borrowings consist of the following (in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Other borrowings, real estate notes payable (1) |  | $ | 13,082 |  |  | $ | 17,195 |
$625 million unsecured revolving credit facility with interest approximating LIBOR (approximately 1.23% at September 30, 2017) plus 1.75% or Prime (4.25% at September 30, 2017) plus 0.75% |  | 25,000 |  |  | 15,000 |
Total |  | $ | 38,082 |  |  | $ | 32,195 |

(1) | Reflects balance of non-recourse notes payable in connection with land purchases, with interest rates ranging from 0% to 8%.

The Company has a $625.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility ("Credit Facility"), with an accordion feature that permits the size of the facility to increase to a maximum of $725.0 million. In May 2017, the maturity date of the credit facility was extended whereby $60.0 million matures in July 2019 with the remainder maturing in July 2021. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are unsecured but availability is subject to, among other things, a borrowing base. The Credit Facility also contains certain financial covenants, including (a) a minimum tangible net worth requirement of $987.4 million (which amount is subject to increase over time based on subsequent earnings and proceeds from equity offerings), and (b) a maximum leverage covenant that prohibits the leverage ratio (as defined therein) from exceeding 60%. In addition, we are required to maintain either (i) an interest coverage ratio (EBITDA to interest expense, as defined therein) of at least 1.50 to 1.00 or (ii) liquidity (as defined therein) of an amount not less than our consolidated interest incurred during the trailing 12 months.
We had $25.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2017 and $15.0 million in borrowings at December 31, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 we had $320.0 million of gross borrowings and $310.0 million of repayments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we had $106.0 million of gross borrowings and $81.0 million of repayments. As of September 30, 2017 we had outstanding letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility totaling $66.5 million, leaving $533.5 million available under the Credit Facility to be drawn.
NOTE 6 — SENIOR AND CONVERTIBLE SENIOR NOTES, NET
Senior and convertible senior notes, net consist of the following (in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
4.50% senior notes due 2018 |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 175,000 |
7.15% senior notes due 2020. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 there was approximately $1,422 and $1,849 in net unamortized premium, respectively |  | 301,422 |  |  | 301,849 |
7.00% senior notes due 2022 |  | 300,000 |  |  | 300,000 |
6.00% senior notes due 2025 |  | 200,000 |  |  | 200,000 |
5.125% senior notes due 2027 |  | 300,000 |  |  | — |
1.875% convertible senior notes due 2032 |  | — |  |  | 126,500 |
Net debt issuance costs |  | (10,262 | ) |  | (8,230 | )
Total |  | $ | 1,266,160 |  |  | $ | 1,095,119 |

In June 2017, we completed an offering of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2027 (the "2027 Notes"). The 2027 Notes bear interest at 5.125% per annum, payable on June 6 and December 6 of each year, commencing on December 6, 2017.
Using the proceeds from the 2027 Notes offering, in June 2017 we repurchased in privately negotiated transactions $51.9 million of our convertible senior notes ("Convertible Notes") aggregate principal amount, incurring a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.3 million included in Other income, net, in the accompanying consolidated income statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
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The Convertible Notes could be redeemed by the note-holders on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth anniversary dates of the Convertible Notes. The fifth anniversary of the Convertible Notes was on September 15, 2017. During September 2017, through a combination of holder redemptions and an exercise of our call option, we redeemed for cash all remaining Convertible Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The indentures for all of our senior notes contain covenants including, among others, limitations on the amount of secured debt we may incur, and limitations on sale and leaseback transactions and mergers. We believe we are in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2017.
Obligations to pay principal and interest on the senior (and previously our Convertible Notes) are guaranteed by substantially all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries (each a “Guarantor” and, collectively, the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”), each of which is directly or indirectly 100% owned by Meritage Homes Corporation. Such guarantees are full and unconditional, and joint and several. In the event of a sale or other disposition of all of the assets of any Guarantor, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, or a sale or other disposition of all of the equity interests of any Guarantor then held by Meritage and its subsidiaries, then that Guarantor may be released and relieved of any obligations under its note guarantee. There are no significant restrictions on our ability or the ability of any Guarantor to obtain funds from their respective subsidiaries, as applicable, by dividend or loan. We do not provide separate financial statements of the Guarantor Subsidiaries because Meritage (the parent company) has no independent assets or operations and the guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. Subsidiaries of Meritage Homes Corporation that are non-guarantor subsidiaries are, individually and in the aggregate, minor.
NOTE 7 — FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
We account for non-recurring fair value measurements of our non-financial assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 820-10 Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"). This guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and addresses required disclosures about fair value measurements. This standard establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the significant inputs used to determine fair value. Observable inputs are those which are obtained from market participants external to the company while unobservable inputs are generally developed internally, utilizing management’s estimates, assumptions and specific knowledge of the assets/liabilities and related markets. The three levels are defined as follows:

• | Level 1 — Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

• | Level 2 — Valuation is determined from quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, or by model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable in the market.

• | Level 3 — Valuation is derived from model-based techniques in which at least one significant input is unobservable and based on the company’s own estimates about the assumptions that market participants would use to value the asset or liability.

Financial Instruments: The fair value of our fixed-rate debt is derived from quoted market prices by independent dealers (level 2 inputs as per the discussion above) and is as follows (in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
|  | Aggregate Principal |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Aggregate Principal |  | Estimated Fair Value
4.50% senior notes |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 175,875 |  |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 177,625 |
7.15% senior notes |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 330,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 325,500 |
7.00% senior notes |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 342,750 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 324,750 |
6.00% senior notes |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 213,000 |  |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 202,500 |
5.125% senior notes |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 300,750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
1.875% convertible senior notes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 126,500 |  |  | $ | 126,105 |

Due to the short-term nature of other financial assets and liabilities, including our Loans payable and other borrowings, we consider the carrying amounts of our other short-term financial instruments to approximate fair value.
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NOTE 8 — EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted earnings per common share were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding | 40,323 |  |  | 40,022 |  |  | 40,273 |  |  | 39,958 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Notes (1) | 1,105 |  |  | 2,176 |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 2,176 |
Unvested restricted stock | 583 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 407 |
Diluted average shares outstanding | 42,011 |  |  | 42,608 |  |  | 42,585 |  |  | 42,541 |
Net earnings as reported | $ | 42,550 |  |  | $ | 36,887 |  |  | $ | 107,702 |  |  | $ | 97,734 |
Interest attributable to Convertible Notes, net of income taxes | 201 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 942 |  |  | 1,210 |
Net earnings for diluted earnings per share | $ | 42,751 |  |  | $ | 37,290 |  |  | $ | 108,644 |  |  | $ | 98,944 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |  |  | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 2.45 |
Diluted earnings per share (1) | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 2.55 |  |  | $ | 2.33 |
Antidilutive stock not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share | 2 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |

(1) | In accordance with ASC 260-10, Earnings Per Share, ("ASC 260-10") we calculate the dilutive effect of convertible securities using the "if-converted" method based on the number of days our Convertible Notes were outstanding during the period.

NOTE 9 — ACQUISITIONS AND GOODWILL
Goodwill. Over the past several years, we entered new markets through the acquisition of the homebuilding assets and operations of local/regional homebuilders in Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee. As a result of these transactions, we recorded approximately $33.0 million of goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of our acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Our acquisitions are recorded in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combination s and ASC 820, using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price for acquisitions is allocated based on estimated fair value of the assets and liabilities at the date of the acquisition. The combined excess purchase price of our acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets is classified as goodwill and is included on our consolidated balance sheet in Prepaids, other assets and goodwill. In accordance with ASC 350, we assess the recoverability of goodwill annually, or more frequently, if impairment indicators are present.
A summary of the carrying amount of goodwill follows (in thousands):

| West |  | Central |  | East |  | Financial Services |  | Corporate |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,962 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,962 |
Additions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impairments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,962 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,962 |

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NOTE 10 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
A summary of changes in stockholders’ equity is presented below (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
|  | (In thousands)
|  | Number of Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | 40,031 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 572,506 |  |  | $ | 848,589 |  |  | $ | 1,421,495 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 107,702 |  |  | 107,702 |
Exercise/vesting of stock-based awards |  | 295 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,911 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,911 |
Balance at September 30, 2017 |  | 40,326 |  |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | 582,414 |  |  | $ | 956,291 |  |  | $ | 1,539,108 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
|  | (In thousands)
|  | Number of Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | 39,669 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 559,492 |  |  | $ | 699,048 |  |  | $ | 1,258,937 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97,734 |  |  | 97,734 |
Exercise/vesting of stock-based awards |  | 356 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 229 |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |
Excess income tax benefit from stock-based awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (540 | ) |  | — |  |  | (540 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,042 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,042 |
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  | 40,025 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 570,223 |  |  | $ | 796,782 |  |  | $ | 1,367,405 |

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NOTE 11 — STOCK BASED AND DEFERRED COMPENSATION
We have a stock-based compensation plan, the Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), that was adopted in 2006 and has been amended or restated from time to time. The Plan was approved by our stockholders and is administered by our Board of Directors. The provisions of the Plan allow for the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share awards and performance-based awards in addition to non-qualified and incentive stock options. The Plan authorizes awards to officers, key employees, non-employee directors and consultants for up to 5,350,000 shares of common stock, of which 1,131,155 shares remain available for grant at September 30, 2017. The available shares include shares from expired, terminated or forfeited awards under prior plans that have since expired and are thus available for grant under the Plan. We believe that such awards provide a means of performance-based compensation to attract and retain qualified employees and better align the interests of our employees with those of our stockholders. Non-vested stock awards are usually granted with a five-year ratable vesting period for employees and with a three-year cliff vesting for both non-vested stock and performance-based awards granted to certain senior executive officers and non-employee directors.
Compensation cost related to time-based restricted stock awards is measured as of the closing price on the date of grant and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. Compensation cost related to performance-based restricted stock awards is also measured as of the closing price on the date of grant but is expensed in accordance with ASC 718-10-25-20, Compensation – Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), which requires an assessment of probability of attainment of the performance target. As our performance targets are dependent on performance over a specified measurement period, once we determine that the performance target outcome is probable, the cumulative expense is recorded immediately with the remaining expense recorded on a straight-line basis through the end of the award vesting period. Beginning with grants in 2014, a portion of the performance-based restricted stock awards granted contain market conditions as defined by ASC 718. The guidance in ASC 718 requires that compensation expense for stock awards with market conditions be expensed based on a derived grant date fair value and expensed over the service period. We engaged a third party to perform a valuation analysis on the awards containing market conditions and our associated expense with those awards is based on the derived fair value from that analysis and is being expensed straight-line over the service period of the awards. Below is a summary of compensation expense and stock award activity (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Stock-based compensation expense | $ | 4,113 |  |  | $ | 3,729 |  |  | $ | 9,898 |  |  | $ | 11,042 |
Non-vested shares granted | 14,075 |  |  | 3,500 |  |  | 430,575 |  |  | 497,365 |
Performance-based non-vested shares granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154,120 |  |  | 66,698 |
Stock options exercised (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,400 |
Restricted stock awards vested (includes performance-based awards) | 5,780 |  |  | 6,940 |  |  | 295,544 |  |  | 341,490 |

(1) | As of December 31, 2016, we have no remaining unexercised stock options.

The following table includes additional information regarding our Plan (dollars in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost |  | $ | 21,920 |  |  | $ | 18,528 |
Weighted average years expense recognition period |  | 2.75 |  |  | 2.56 |
Total stock-based awards outstanding (1) |  | 1,302,176 |  |  | 1,147,271 |

(1) | Includes unvested restricted stock, performance-based awards (at target level) and restricted stock units.

We also offer a non-qualified deferred compensation plan ("deferred compensation plan") to highly compensated employees in order to allow them additional pre-tax income deferrals above and beyond the limits that qualified plans, such as 401k plans, impose on highly compensated employees. We do not currently offer a contribution match on the deferred compensation plan. All contributions to the plan to date have been funded by the employees and, therefore, we have no associated expense related to the deferred compensation plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016, other than minor administrative costs.
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NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES
Components of the income tax provision are as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Federal | $ | 18,890 |  |  | $ | 15,032 |  |  | $ | 49,678 |  |  | $ | 38,141 |
State | 2,015 |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | 6,049 |  |  | 5,848 |
Total | $ | 20,905 |  |  | $ | 16,915 |  |  | $ | 55,727 |  |  | $ | 43,989 |

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 32.9% and 34.1%, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was 31.4% and 31.0%, respectively. Our tax rate has been favorably impacted in both years by the homebuilding manufacturing deduction. The lower 2016 effective tax rate reflects the benefit of federal energy credits for homes sold in both 2016 and in prior periods as a result of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act of 2015. The PATH Act was the enabling legislation for claiming federal energy tax credits on homes qualifying in 2015 and 2016. This legislation has expired and has not been renewed for 2017. Accordingly, our effective tax rate for 2017 does no t reflect a tax benefit from federal energy credits for homes sold in 2017.
At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we have no unrecognized tax benefits. We believe that our current income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change. Our policy is to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits and include them in federal income tax expense.
We determine our deferred tax assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 740-10, Income Taxes. We evaluate our deferred tax assets, including the benefit from net operating losses ("NOLs"), by jurisdiction to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Companies must assess whether a valuation allowance should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard with significant weight being given to evidence that can be objectively verified. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the length of statutory carry forward periods, experiences with operating losses and experiences of utilizing tax credit carry forwards and tax planning alternatives. We have no valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets and NOL carryovers at September 30, 2017.
At September 30, 2017, we had no remaining federal NOL carry forward or un-utilized federal tax credits. At September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016 we had tax benefits for state NOL carry forwards of $1.4 million, net of federal benefit, that begin to expire in 2028.
At September 30, 2017, we have income taxes payable of $5.7 million, which primarily consists of current federal and state tax accruals, net of estimated tax payments and tax credits. This amount is recorded in Accrued liabilities on the accompanying unaudited balance sheet at September 30, 2017. At September 30, 2017, we have an income tax receivable of $2.0 million from amending prior year tax returns to claim additional federal energy tax credits which is included in Other receivables on the accompanying unaudited balance sheet.
We conduct business and are subject to tax in the U.S. and several states. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local income tax examinations by taxing authorities for years prior to 2013. We have one state income tax examination of multiple years under audit at this time and do not expect it to have a material outcome.
The tax benefits from NOLs, built-in losses, and tax credits would be materially reduced or potentially eliminated if we experience an “ownership change” as defined under Internal Revenue Code §382. Based on our analysis performed as of September 30, 2017 we do not believe that we have experienced an ownership change. As a protective measure, our stockholders held a Special Meeting of Stockholders on February 16, 2009 and approved an amendment to our Articles of Incorporation that restricts certain transfers of our common stock. The amendment is intended to help us avoid an unintended ownership change and thereby preserve the value of any tax benefit for future utilization.
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NOTE 13 — SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The following table presents certain supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Interest capitalized, net |  | $ | (14,454 | ) |  | $ | (9,053 | )
Income taxes paid |  | $ | 61,034 |  |  | $ | 43,860 |
Non-cash operating activities: |  |  |  |
Real estate not owned increase |  | $ | 39,793 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate acquired through notes payable |  | $ | 6,378 |  |  | $ | 14,199 |

NOTE 14 — OPERATING AND REPORTING SEGMENTS
We operate with two principal business segments: homebuilding and financial services. As defined in ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, we have nine homebuilding operating segments. The homebuilding segments are engaged in the business of acquiring and developing land, constructing homes, marketing and selling those homes and providing warranty and customer services. We aggregate our homebuilding operating segments into reporting segments based on similar long-term economic characteristics and geographical proximity. Our current reportable homebuilding segments are as follows:

| West: | Arizona, California and Colorado |
| Central: | Texas |
| East: | Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee |

Management’s evaluation of segment performance is based on segment operating income, which we define as homebuilding and land revenues less cost of home construction, commissions and other sales costs, land development and other land sales costs and other costs incurred by or allocated to each segment, including impairments. Each reportable segment follows the same accounting policies described in Note 1, “Organization and Basis of Presentation.” Operating results for each segment may not be indicative of the results for such segment had it been an independent, stand-alone entity for the periods presented.
The following segment information is in thousands:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Homebuilding revenue (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | $ | 373,708 |  |  | $ | 330,805 |  |  | $ | 1,055,086 |  |  | $ | 924,494 |
Central | 236,884 |  |  | 200,446 |  |  | 637,394 |  |  | 571,036 |
East | 195,005 |  |  | 221,606 |  |  | 587,867 |  |  | 652,989 |
Consolidated total | $ | 805,597 |  |  | $ | 752,857 |  |  | $ | 2,280,347 |  |  | $ | 2,148,519 |
Homebuilding segment operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | $ | 35,026 |  |  | $ | 27,829 |  |  | $ | 94,169 |  |  | $ | 71,387 |
Central | 26,404 |  |  | 18,635 |  |  | 63,524 |  |  | 52,313 |
East | 4,954 |  |  | 9,737 |  |  | 12,675 |  |  | 27,918 |
Total homebuilding segment operating income | 66,384 |  |  | 56,201 |  |  | 170,368 |  |  | 151,618 |
Financial services segment profit | 5,514 |  |  | 5,956 |  |  | 15,361 |  |  | 15,765 |
Corporate and unallocated costs (2) | (9,264 | ) |  | (10,063 | ) |  | (24,809 | ) |  | (24,652 | )
(Loss)/earnings from other unconsolidated entities, net | (91 | ) |  | 440 |  |  | 852 |  |  | 856 |
Interest expense | (1,116 | ) |  | (167 | ) |  | (3,561 | ) |  | (5,127 | )
Other income, net | 2,028 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | 5,218 |  |  | 3,263 |
Net earnings before income taxes | $ | 63,455 |  |  | $ | 53,802 |  |  | $ | 163,429 |  |  | $ | 141,723 |

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(1) | Homebuilding revenue includes the following land closing revenue, by segment, as outlined in the table below.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Land closing revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,543 |  |  | $ | 11,800 |  |  | $ | 15,608 |
Central | 125 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 4,659 |
East | 464 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 4,895 |  |  | 920 |
Total | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 16,987 |  |  | $ | 16,942 |  |  | $ | 21,187 |

(2) | Balance consists primarily of corporate costs and numerous shared service functions such as finance and treasury that are not allocated to the homebuilding or financial services reporting segments.

|  | At September 30, 2017
|  | West |  | Central |  | East |  | Financial Services |  | Corporate and Unallocated |  | Total
Deposits on real estate under option or contract |  | $ | 21,275 |  |  | $ | 23,237 |  |  | $ | 23,035 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 67,547 |
Real estate |  | 1,183,953 |  |  | 701,516 |  |  | 876,800 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,762,269 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | 7,660 |  |  | 7,158 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,560 |  |  | 16,378 |
Other assets |  | 47,648 |  | (1) | 104,063 |  | (2) | 117,411 |  | (3) | 615 |  |  | 136,227 |  | (4) | 405,964 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,260,536 |  |  | $ | 835,974 |  |  | $ | 1,017,246 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 137,787 |  |  | $ | 3,252,158 |

(1) | Balance consists primarily of cash and property and equipment.

(2) | Balance consists primarily of development reimbursements from local municipalities and cash.

(3) | Balance consists primarily of real estate not owned and goodwill (see Note 9).

(4) | Balance consists primarily of our deferred tax asset and cash.

|  | At December 31, 2016
|  | West |  | Central |  | East |  | Financial Services |  | Corporate and Unallocated |  | Total
Deposits on real estate under option or contract |  | $ | 25,863 |  |  | $ | 27,669 |  |  | $ | 32,024 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,556 |
Real estate |  | 1,120,038 |  |  | 595,485 |  |  | 706,540 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,422,063 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  | 7,362 |  |  | 7,450 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,285 |  |  | 17,097 |
Other assets |  | 45,624 |  | (1) | 94,299 |  | (2) | 93,245 |  | (3) | 812 |  |  | 129,995 |  | (4) | 363,975 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,198,887 |  |  | $ | 724,903 |  |  | $ | 831,809 |  |  | $ | 812 |  |  | $ | 132,280 |  |  | $ | 2,888,691 |

(1) | Balance consists primarily of cash and property and equipment.

(2) | Balance consists primarily of development reimbursements from local municipalities and cash.

(3) | Balance consists primarily of goodwill (see Note 9), prepaid permits and fees to local municipalities and cash.

(4) | Balance consists primarily of cash and our deferred tax asset.

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NOTE 15 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
We are involved in various routine legal and regulatory proceedings, including, without limitation, warranty claims and litigation and arbitration proceedings alleging construction defects. In general, the proceedings are incidental to our business, and most exposure is subject to and should be covered by warranty and indemnity obligations of our consultants and subcontractors. Additionally, some such claims are also covered by insurance. With respect to the majority of such legal proceedings, our ultimate legal and financial responsibility, if any, cannot be estimated with certainty and, in most cases, any potential losses related to these matters are not considered probable. Historically, most disputes regarding warranty claims are resolved without the initiation of legal proceedings. We believe there are not any pending legal or warranty matters that could have a material adverse impact upon our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows that have not been sufficiently reserved.
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Special Note of Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
In passing the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), Congress encouraged public companies to make “forward-looking statements” by creating a safe-harbor to protect companies from securities law liability in connection with forward-looking statements. We intend to qualify both our written and oral forward-looking statements for protection under the PSLRA.
The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “forecast,” “plan,” “intend,” "may," "will," "should," "could," “estimate,” “project” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made. All statements we make other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements within the meaning of that term in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report include: statements concerning trends in the homebuilding industry in general, and our markets and results specifically; our operating strategy and initiatives, including our strategy to expand the number of communities that target the first-time buyer segment; demand and pricing trends in the short-term throughout our geographies; that we may opportunistically repurchase our debt and equity securities; the benefits of our land acquisition strategy and structures, including the use and the benefits of option contracts and joint ventures; that we expect to redeploy cash generated from operations to acquire and develop lot positions; management estimates regarding joint venture exposure; our expectation that existing guarantees, letters of credit and performance and surety bonds will not be drawn on; the adequacy of our insurance coverage and warranty reserves; the expected outcome of legal proceedings we are involved in and the sufficiency of our reserves relating thereto; the sufficiency of our liquidity and capital resources to support our business strategy; our ability and willingness to acquire land under option or contract; our strategy and trends and expectations concerning sales prices, sales pace, closings, orders, cancellations, material and labor costs for land development and home construction, gross margins, gross profit, revenues, net earnings, operating leverage, backlog, land prices, changes in and location of active communities, seasonality and the amount, type and timing of new community openings; our future cash needs; that we may seek to raise additional debt and equity capital; and our intentions regarding the payment of dividends and the use of derivative contracts; our perceptions about the importance of joint ventures to our business; and the impact of changes in interest rates.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, and that could negatively affect our business include, but are not limited to, the following: potential adverse impacts on our Houston and Florida orders, closings, revenue and costs due to Hurricanes Harvey and Irma; growth in first-time homebuyers; the availability and cost of finished lots and undeveloped land; changes in interest rates and the availability and pricing of residential mortgages; the success of our strategic initiatives; shortages in the availability and cost of labor; changes in tax laws that adversely impact us or our homebuyers; the ability of our potential buyers to sell their existing homes; cancellation rates; inflation in the cost of materials used to develop communities and construct homes; the adverse effect of slower order absorption rates; impairments of our real estate inventory; a change to the feasibility of projects under option or contract that could result in the write-down or write-off of option deposits; our potential exposure to natural disasters or severe weather conditions; competition; construction defect and home warranty claims; failures in health and safety performance; our success in prevailing on contested tax positions; our ability to obtain performance and surety bonds in connection with our development work; the loss of key personnel; enactment of new regulations or our failure to comply with laws and regulations; our limited geographic diversification; fluctuations in quarterly operating results; our level of indebtedness; our ability to obtain financing; our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and achieve anticipated benefits from these acquisitions; our compliance with government regulations; the effect of legislative and other government actions, orders, policies or initiatives that impact housing, labor availability, construction, mortgage availability, our access to capital, the cost of capital or the economy in general, or other initiatives that seek to restrain growth of new housing construction or similar measures; legislation relating to energy and climate change; the replication of our energy-efficient technologies by our competitors; our exposure to information technology failures and security breaches; and other factors identified in documents filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those set forth in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 under the caption “Risk Factors,” which can be found on our website.
Forward-looking statements express expectations of future events. All forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain as they are based on various expectations and assumptions concerning future events and they are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those projected. Due to these inherent uncertainties, the investment community is urged not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. In addition, we undertake no obligations to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to projections over time, except as required by law.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview and Outlook
The housing market has continued to improve throughout the first nine months of 2017 as evidenced by a favorable demand environment assisted by historically low interest rates and strong consumer confidence combined with a limited supply of resale homes. While these dynamics have translated to rising average sales prices in some markets, the increase in demand has also resulted in rising land and construction material costs limiting the potential expansion in gross margins. Unprecedented devastation hit two of our key markets in the third quarter with the recent hurricanes in Houston and Florida. While we were fortunate to incur minimal physical damage, we have been impacted with delays in orders and closings, as many communities were closed, some up to several weeks, due to the storms. We are working to quantify what, if any, impact the storms will have on our future cycle times and margins as a result of labor shortages and/or material price increases.
The desire for new homes continues to be healthy across most of our markets, especially for our entry-level and LiVE.NOW communities that target the first-time homebuyer who has returned to the market in a meaningful way in recent years. We expect first-time buyers to continue to grow as a percentage of total homebuyers. Our entry-level product is also attracting some move-down buyers with select floor plans that appeal to an age targeted audience. We continue to focus on strategic initiatives that are designed to position us for further growth and improve our margins, while pivoting to increase our focus on the first-time buyer. We remain committed to expanding our presence in our markets by increasing our community count and offering homes with energy-efficient features and appealing designs for today's homebuyer.
Summary Company Results
Total home closing revenue was $805.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $69.1 million over the corresponding prior year period due to the 169 additional homes closed. The 9.4% increase in home closing revenue and 30-basis-point improvement in home closing gross margin provided $14.7 million in additional home closing gross profit which, combined with reduced general and administrative costs of $1.6 million, helped to offset higher interest expense and contributed to our improved net income of $42.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 versus $36.9 million for the 2016 period. Third quarter 2017 results reflect a higher provision for income taxes due to a higher effective tax rate of 32.9% versus 2016 of 31.4%. The lower 2016 effective tax rate is inclusive of the benefit of federal energy credits for homes sold in both 2016 and in prior periods, as the legislation providing for these credits expired in 2016 and has not been renewed for 2017. Year-to-date results reflect $136.1 million in additional home closing revenue and $21.8 million higher home closing gross profit versus the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Higher gross profit combined with lower year-over-year general and administrative costs, lower interest expense and an increase in other income, partially offset by the increased tax rate, led to net income of $107.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $97.7 million in 2016.
On a consolidated basis, we experienced year over year growth in closings and orders, both in units and value, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. We ended the third quarter of 2017 with 3,333 homes in backlog, 2.5% higher than 2016 providing a backlog value of $1.4 billion, a 2.4% increase over September 30, 2016. The slight growth in year over year backlog is primarily the result of the increase in the number of average communities at September 30, 2017 compared to prior year combined with consistent year-over-year orders pace.
Company Positioning
We believe that the investments in our new communities, particularly those designed for the first-time homebuyer, and industry-leading innovation in energy-efficient product offerings and automation create a differentiated strategy that has aided us in our growth in the highly competitive new home market. We remain focused on our main goals of growing our orders, revenue and profit, and maintaining a strong balance sheet. To help meet these goals, we continue to focus on the following initiatives:

• | Continuing to actively acquire and develop land in key markets in order to maintain and grow our lot supply and active community count;

• | Expanding the number of 'entry-level plus' communities that target the growing first-time homebuyer segment;

• | Introducing newly designed plan offerings to meet homebuyers changing preferences in our markets, most recently an entire new product library in our East Region;

• | Expanding market share in our smaller markets;

• | Managing construction efficiencies and cost increases through national and regional vendor relationships with a focus on quality construction and warranty management;

• | Growing revenue while managing costs, allowing us to improve overhead operating leverage;

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• | Generating additional working capital and maintaining adequate liquidity, most recently through a $300 million senior note debt issuance, the pay-off of our Convertible Notes, and expansion of our Credit Facility capacity;

• | Increasing orders pace through the use of our consumer and market research to build homes that offer our buyers their desired features and amenities;

• | Continuing to innovate and promote our energy efficiency program and our recently announced M. Connected TM Automation Suite to drive sales;

• | Adapting sales and marketing efforts to increase traffic and allow us to favorably compete with both resale and new homes;

• | Actively monitoring and adjusting our sales, construction and closing processes to incorporate enhancements identified through customer satisfaction surveys; and

• | Promoting a positive environment for our employees in order to develop and motivate them and to minimize turnover.

Critical Accounting Policies
The accounting policies we deem most critical to us and that involve the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments include revenue recognition, valuation of real estate, goodwill, deferred tax assets and warranty reserves as well as the calculation of compensation cost relating to share-based payments. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to those disclosed in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Home Closing Revenue, Home Orders and Order Backlog
The composition of our closings, home orders and backlog is constantly changing and is based on a changing mix of communities with various price points between periods as new projects open and existing projects wind down. Further, individual homes within a community can range significantly in price due to differing square footage, option selections, lot sizes and quality and location of lots (e.g. cul-de-sac, view lots, greenbelt lots). These variations result in a lack of meaningful comparability between our home orders, closings and backlog due to the changing mix between periods. The tables on the following pages present operating and financial data that we consider most critical to managing our operations (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Quarter over Quarter
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change $ |  | Change %
Home Closing Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 805,008 |  |  | $ | 735,870 |  |  | $ | 69,138 |  |  | 9.4 | %
Homes closed |  | 1,969 |  |  | 1,800 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 9.4 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 408.8 |  |  | $ | 408.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 141,249 |  |  | $ | 89,092 |  |  | $ | 52,157 |  |  | 58.5 | %
Homes closed |  | 424 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 67.6 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 333.1 |  |  | $ | 352.1 |  |  | $ | (19.0 | ) |  | (5.4 | )%
California |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 154,731 |  |  | $ | 142,056 |  |  | $ | 12,675 |  |  | 8.9 | %
Homes closed |  | 261 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4.0 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 592.8 |  |  | $ | 566.0 |  |  | $ | 26.9 |  |  | 4.7 | %
Colorado |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 77,728 |  |  | $ | 84,114 |  |  | $ | (6,386 | ) |  | (7.6 | )%
Homes closed |  | 135 |  |  | 167 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (19.2 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 575.8 |  |  | $ | 503.7 |  |  | $ | 72.1 |  |  | 14.3 | %
West Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 373,708 |  |  | $ | 315,262 |  |  | $ | 58,446 |  |  | 18.5 | %
Homes closed |  | 820 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 22.2 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 455.7 |  |  | $ | 469.8 |  |  | $ | (14.1 | ) |  | (3.0 | )%
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 236,759 |  |  | $ | 199,499 |  |  | $ | 37,260 |  |  | 18.7 | %
Homes closed |  | 647 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 19.4 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 365.9 |  |  | $ | 368.1 |  |  | $ | (2.1 | ) |  | (0.6 | )%
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 77,652 |  |  | $ | 85,647 |  |  | $ | (7,995 | ) |  | (9.3 | )%
Homes closed |  | 185 |  |  | 206 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | (10.2 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 419.7 |  |  | $ | 415.8 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Georgia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 29,019 |  |  | $ | 27,477 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |  |  | 5.6 | %
Homes closed |  | 95 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 14.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 305.5 |  |  | $ | 331.0 |  |  | $ | (25.6 | ) |  | (7.7 | )%
North Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 48,129 |  |  | $ | 71,641 |  |  | $ | (23,512 | ) |  | (32.8 | )%
Homes closed |  | 107 |  |  | 177 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | (39.5 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 449.8 |  |  | $ | 404.8 |  |  | $ | 45.1 |  |  | 11.1 | %
South Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 25,164 |  |  | $ | 22,658 |  |  | $ | 2,506 |  |  | 11.1 | %
Homes closed |  | 74 |  |  | 76 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2.6 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 340.1 |  |  | $ | 298.1 |  |  | $ | 41.9 |  |  | 14.1 | %
Tennessee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 14,577 |  |  | $ | 13,686 |  |  | $ | 891 |  |  | 6.5 | %
Homes closed |  | 41 |  |  | 45 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (8.9 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 355.5 |  |  | $ | 304.1 |  |  | $ | 51.4 |  |  | 16.9 | %
East Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 194,541 |  |  | $ | 221,109 |  |  | $ | (26,568 | ) |  | (12.0 | )%
Homes closed |  | 502 |  |  | 587 |  |  | (85 | ) |  | (14.5 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 387.5 |  |  | $ | 376.7 |  |  | $ | 10.9 |  |  | 2.9 | %

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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Quarter over Quarter
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Chg $ |  | Chg %
Home Closing Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 2,263,405 |  |  | $ | 2,127,332 |  |  | $ | 136,073 |  |  | 6.4 | %
Homes closed |  | 5,456 |  |  | 5,238 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 4.2 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 414.8 |  |  | $ | 406.1 |  |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  | 2.1 | %
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 382,814 |  |  | $ | 258,139 |  |  | $ | 124,675 |  |  | 48.3 | %
Homes closed |  | 1,139 |  |  | 749 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 52.1 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 336.1 |  |  | $ | 344.6 |  |  | $ | (8.5 | ) |  | (2.5 | )%
California |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 427,095 |  |  | $ | 418,834 |  |  | $ | 8,261 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Homes closed |  | 702 |  |  | 738 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | (4.9 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 608.4 |  |  | $ | 567.5 |  |  | $ | 40.9 |  |  | 7.2 | %
Colorado |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 233,377 |  |  | $ | 231,913 |  |  | $ | 1,464 |  |  | 0.6 | %
Homes closed |  | 417 |  |  | 474 |  |  | (57 | ) |  | (12.0 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 559.7 |  |  | $ | 489.3 |  |  | $ | 70.4 |  |  | 14.4 | %
West Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 1,043,286 |  |  | $ | 908,886 |  |  | $ | 134,400 |  |  | 14.8 | %
Homes closed |  | 2,258 |  |  | 1,961 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 15.1 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 462.0 |  |  | $ | 463.5 |  |  | $ | (1.4 | ) |  | (0.3 | )%
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 637,147 |  |  | $ | 566,377 |  |  | $ | 70,770 |  |  | 12.5 | %
Homes closed |  | 1,752 |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 12.1 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 363.7 |  |  | $ | 362.4 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | 0.4 | %
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 225,674 |  |  | $ | 252,311 |  |  | $ | (26,637 | ) |  | (10.6 | )%
Homes closed |  | 518 |  |  | 619 |  |  | (101 | ) |  | (16.3 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 435.7 |  |  | $ | 407.6 |  |  | $ | 28.1 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Georgia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 74,860 |  |  | $ | 76,874 |  |  | $ | (2,014 | ) |  | (2.6 | )%
Homes closed |  | 223 |  |  | 229 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (2.6 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 335.7 |  |  | $ | 335.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0.0 | %
North Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 164,596 |  |  | $ | 198,525 |  |  | $ | (33,929 | ) |  | (17.1 | )%
Homes closed |  | 370 |  |  | 474 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | (21.9 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 444.9 |  |  | $ | 418.8 |  |  | $ | 26.0 |  |  | 6.2 | %
South Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 75,085 |  |  | $ | 71,577 |  |  | $ | 3,508 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Homes closed |  | 217 |  |  | 231 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | (6.1 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 346.0 |  |  | $ | 309.9 |  |  | $ | 36.2 |  |  | 11.7 | %
Tennessee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 42,757 |  |  | $ | 52,782 |  |  | $ | (10,025 | ) |  | (19.0 | )%
Homes closed |  | 118 |  |  | 161 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (26.7 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 362.3 |  |  | $ | 327.8 |  |  | $ | 34.5 |  |  | 10.5 | %
East Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 582,972 |  |  | $ | 652,069 |  |  | $ | (69,097 | ) |  | (10.6 | )%
Homes closed |  | 1,446 |  |  | 1,714 |  |  | (268 | ) |  | (15.6 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 403.2 |  |  | $ | 380.4 |  |  | $ | 22.7 |  |  | 6.0 | %

26

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Quarter over Quarter
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change $ |  | Change %
Home Orders (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 765,027 |  |  | $ | 715,562 |  |  | $ | 49,465 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Homes ordered |  | 1,874 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 7.9 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 408.2 |  |  | $ | 412.0 |  |  | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | (0.9 | )%
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 116,757 |  |  | $ | 116,815 |  |  | $ | (58 | ) |  | 0.0 | %
Homes ordered |  | 348 |  |  | 345 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 335.5 |  |  | $ | 338.6 |  |  | $ | (3.1 | ) |  | (0.9 | )%
California |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 124,339 |  |  | $ | 125,920 |  |  | $ | (1,581 | ) |  | (1.3 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 200 |  |  | 216 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (7.4 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 621.7 |  |  | $ | 583.0 |  |  | $ | 38.7 |  |  | 6.6 | %
Colorado |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 55,459 |  |  | $ | 66,213 |  |  | $ | (10,754 | ) |  | (16.2 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 92 |  |  | 121 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | (24.0 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 602.8 |  |  | $ | 547.2 |  |  | $ | 55.6 |  |  | 10.2 | %
West Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 296,555 |  |  | $ | 308,948 |  |  | $ | (12,393 | ) |  | (4.0 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 640 |  |  | 682 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | (6.2 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 463.4 |  |  | $ | 453.0 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |  |  | 2.3 | %
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 213,241 |  |  | $ | 178,934 |  |  | $ | 34,307 |  |  | 19.2 | %
Homes ordered |  | 593 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 21.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 359.6 |  |  | $ | 366.7 |  |  | $ | (7.1 | ) |  | (1.9 | )%
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 120,243 |  |  | $ | 95,946 |  |  | $ | 24,297 |  |  | 25.3 | %
Homes ordered |  | 269 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 29.3 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 447.0 |  |  | $ | 461.3 |  |  | $ | (14.3 | ) |  | (3.1 | )%
Georgia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 33,039 |  |  | $ | 28,841 |  |  | $ | 4,198 |  |  | 14.6 | %
Homes ordered |  | 102 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 20.0 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 323.9 |  |  | $ | 339.3 |  |  | $ | (15.4 | ) |  | (4.5 | )%
North Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 59,976 |  |  | $ | 61,537 |  |  | $ | (1,561 | ) |  | (2.5 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 147 |  |  | 149 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (1.3 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 408.0 |  |  | $ | 413.0 |  |  | $ | (5.0 | ) |  | (1.2 | )%
South Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 28,449 |  |  | $ | 22,434 |  |  | $ | 6,015 |  |  | 26.8 | %
Homes ordered |  | 86 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 21.1 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 330.8 |  |  | $ | 316.0 |  |  | $ | 14.8 |  |  | 4.7 | %
Tennessee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 13,524 |  |  | $ | 18,922 |  |  | $ | (5,398 | ) |  | (28.5 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 37 |  |  | 54 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (31.5 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 365.5 |  |  | $ | 350.4 |  |  | $ | 15.1 |  |  | 4.3 | %
East Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 255,231 |  |  | $ | 227,680 |  |  | $ | 27,551 |  |  | 12.1 | %
Homes ordered |  | 641 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 398.2 |  |  | $ | 401.6 |  |  | $ | (3.4 | ) |  | (0.8 | )%

(1) | Home orders for any period represent the aggregate sales price of all homes ordered, net of cancellations. We do not include orders contingent upon the sale of a customer’s existing home as a sales contract until the contingency is removed.

27

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Quarter over Quarter
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Chg $ |  | Chg %
Home Orders (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 2,536,448 |  |  | $ | 2,365,508 |  |  | $ | 170,940 |  |  | 7.2 | %
Homes ordered |  | 6,162 |  |  | 5,797 |  |  | 365 |  |  | 6.3 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 411.6 |  |  | $ | 408.1 |  |  | $ | 3.6 |  |  | 0.9 | %
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 380,459 |  |  | $ | 322,807 |  |  | $ | 57,652 |  |  | 17.9 | %
Homes ordered |  | 1,148 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 22.8 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 331.4 |  |  | $ | 345.2 |  |  | $ | (13.8 | ) |  | (4.0 | )%
California |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 480,694 |  |  | $ | 442,863 |  |  | $ | 37,831 |  |  | 8.5 | %
Homes ordered |  | 802 |  |  | 775 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 3.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 599.4 |  |  | $ | 571.4 |  |  | $ | 27.9 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Colorado |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 214,532 |  |  | $ | 237,237 |  |  | $ | (22,705 | ) |  | (9.6 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 368 |  |  | 459 |  |  | (91 | ) |  | (19.8 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 583.0 |  |  | $ | 516.9 |  |  | $ | 66.1 |  |  | 12.8 | %
West Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 1,075,685 |  |  | $ | 1,002,907 |  |  | $ | 72,778 |  |  | 7.3 | %
Homes ordered |  | 2,318 |  |  | 2,169 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 464.1 |  |  | $ | 462.4 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | 0.4 | %
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 719,656 |  |  | $ | 597,947 |  |  | $ | 121,709 |  |  | 20.4 | %
Homes ordered |  | 2,000 |  |  | 1,629 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 22.8 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 359.8 |  |  | $ | 367.1 |  |  | $ | (7.2 | ) |  | (2.0 | )%
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 342,754 |  |  | $ | 295,453 |  |  | $ | 47,301 |  |  | 16.0 | %
Homes ordered |  | 791 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 12.7 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 433.3 |  |  | $ | 420.9 |  |  | $ | 12.4 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Georgia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 88,306 |  |  | $ | 102,392 |  |  | $ | (14,086 | ) |  | (13.8 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 270 |  |  | 305 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (11.5 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 327.1 |  |  | $ | 335.7 |  |  | $ | (8.7 | ) |  | (2.6 | )%
North Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 187,683 |  |  | $ | 205,562 |  |  | $ | (17,879 | ) |  | (8.7 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 440 |  |  | 497 |  |  | (57 | ) |  | (11.5 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 426.6 |  |  | $ | 413.6 |  |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | 3.1 | %
South Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 76,827 |  |  | $ | 95,123 |  |  | $ | (18,296 | ) |  | (19.2 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 224 |  |  | 296 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | (24.3 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 343.0 |  |  | $ | 321.4 |  |  | $ | 21.6 |  |  | 6.7 | %
Tennessee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 45,537 |  |  | $ | 66,124 |  |  | $ | (20,587 | ) |  | (31.1 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 119 |  |  | 199 |  |  | (80 | ) |  | (40.2 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 382.7 |  |  | $ | 332.3 |  |  | $ | 50.4 |  |  | 15.2 | %
East Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 741,107 |  |  | $ | 764,654 |  |  | $ | (23,547 | ) |  | (3.1 | )%
Homes ordered |  | 1,844 |  |  | 1,999 |  |  | (155 | ) |  | (7.8 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 401.9 |  |  | $ | 382.5 |  |  | $ | 19.4 |  |  | 5.1 | %

28

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| Ending |  | Average |  | Ending |  | Average
Active Communities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | 250 |  | 253.5 |  | 237 |  |  | 239.0
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona | 40 |  | 39.5 |  | 40 |  |  | 41.5
California | 24 |  | 25.0 |  | 29 |  |  | 27.0
Colorado | 9 |  | 9.5 |  | 10 |  |  | 11.0
West Region Totals | 73 |  | 74.0 |  | 79 |  |  | 79.5
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals | 93 |  | 92.5 |  | 74 |  |  | 73.5
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida | 29 |  | 29.5 |  | 26 |  |  | 26.0
Georgia | 17 |  | 18.0 |  | 17 |  |  | 17.0
North Carolina | 18 |  | 19.0 |  | 19 |  |  | 20.5
South Carolina | 14 |  | 14.0 |  | 15 |  |  | 15.5
Tennessee | 6 |  | 6.5 |  | 7 |  |  | 7.0
East Region Totals | 84 |  | 87.0 |  | 84 |  |  | 86.0

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| Ending |  | Average |  | Ending |  | Average
Active Communities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | 250 |  | 246.5 |  | 237 |  |  | 245.5
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona | 40 |  | 41.0 |  | 40 |  |  | 40.5
California | 24 |  | 26.0 |  | 29 |  |  | 26.5
Colorado | 9 |  | 9.5 |  | 10 |  |  | 13.0
West Region Totals | 73 |  | 76.5 |  | 79 |  |  | 80.0
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals | 93 |  | 86.5 |  | 74 |  |  | 73.0
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida | 29 |  | 28.0 |  | 26 |  |  | 28.5
Georgia | 17 |  | 17.0 |  | 17 |  |  | 17.0
North Carolina | 18 |  | 17.5 |  | 19 |  |  | 22.5
South Carolina | 14 |  | 14.5 |  | 15 |  |  | 16.5
Tennessee | 6 |  | 6.5 |  | 7 |  |  | 8.0
East Region Totals | 84 |  | 83.5 |  | 84 |  |  | 92.5

29

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cancellation Rates (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | 13 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 12 | %
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona |  | 12 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 12 | %
California |  | 19 | % |  | 19 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 13 | %
Colorado |  | 8 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 10 | % |  | 10 | %
West Region Totals |  | 14 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 12 | %
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals |  | 14 | % |  | 16 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 15 | %
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida |  | 9 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 11 | %
Georgia |  | 12 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 16 | % |  | 13 | %
North Carolina |  | 8 | % |  | 10 | % |  | 8 | % |  | 8 | %
South Carolina |  | 11 | % |  | 15 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 8 | %
Tennessee |  | 14 | % |  | 7 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 8 | %
East Region Totals |  | 10 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 10 | %

(1) | Cancellation rates are computed as the number of canceled units for the period divided by the gross sales units for the same period.

30

|  | At September 30, |  | Quarter over Quarter
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change $ |  | Change %
Order Backlog (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 1,408,801 |  |  | $ | 1,375,857 |  |  | $ | 32,944 |  |  | 2.4 | %
Homes in backlog |  | 3,333 |  |  | 3,251 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 2.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 422.7 |  |  | $ | 423.2 |  |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.1 | )%
West Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arizona |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 158,988 |  |  | $ | 182,574 |  |  | $ | (23,586 | ) |  | (12.9 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 453 |  |  | 503 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (9.9 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 351.0 |  |  | $ | 363.0 |  |  | $ | (12.0 | ) |  | (3.3 | )%
California |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 207,237 |  |  | $ | 208,175 |  |  | $ | (938 | ) |  | (0.5 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 331 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 626.1 |  |  | $ | 638.6 |  |  | $ | (12.5 | ) |  | (2.0 | )%
Colorado |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 135,239 |  |  | $ | 167,475 |  |  | $ | (32,236 | ) |  | (19.2 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 224 |  |  | 317 |  |  | (93 | ) |  | (29.3 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 603.7 |  |  | $ | 528.3 |  |  | $ | 75.4 |  |  | 14.3 | %
West Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 501,464 |  |  | $ | 558,224 |  |  | $ | (56,760 | ) |  | (10.2 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 1,008 |  |  | 1,146 |  |  | (138 | ) |  | (12.0 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 497.5 |  |  | $ | 487.1 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Central Region - Texas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 437,243 |  |  | $ | 381,764 |  |  | $ | 55,479 |  |  | 14.5 | %
Homes in backlog |  | 1,179 |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 17.0 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 370.9 |  |  | $ | 378.7 |  |  | $ | (7.9 | ) |  | (2.1 | )%
East Region |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Florida |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 233,534 |  |  | $ | 161,148 |  |  | $ | 72,386 |  |  | 44.9 | %
Homes in backlog |  | 526 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 42.2 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 444.0 |  |  | $ | 435.5 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | 1.9 | %
Georgia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 46,809 |  |  | $ | 58,944 |  |  | $ | (12,135 | ) |  | (20.6 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 138 |  |  | 171 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | (19.3 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 339.2 |  |  | $ | 344.7 |  |  | $ | (5.5 | ) |  | (1.6 | )%
North Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 110,339 |  |  | $ | 118,515 |  |  | $ | (8,176 | ) |  | (6.9 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 263 |  |  | 283 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (7.1 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 419.5 |  |  | $ | 418.8 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | 0.2 | %
South Carolina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 42,378 |  |  | $ | 53,657 |  |  | $ | (11,279 | ) |  | (21.0 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 123 |  |  | 153 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (19.6 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 344.5 |  |  | $ | 350.7 |  |  | $ | (6.2 | ) |  | (1.8 | )%
Tennessee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 37,034 |  |  | $ | 43,605 |  |  | $ | (6,571 | ) |  | (15.1 | )%
Homes in backlog |  | 96 |  |  | 120 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (20.0 | )%
Average sales price |  | $ | 385.8 |  |  | $ | 363.4 |  |  | $ | 22.4 |  |  | 6.2 | %
East Region Totals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $ | 470,094 |  |  | $ | 435,869 |  |  | $ | 34,225 |  |  | 7.9 | %
Homes in backlog |  | 1,146 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $ | 410.2 |  |  | $ | 397.3 |  |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | 3.2 | %

(1) | Our backlog represents net sales that have not closed.

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Operating Results
Companywide. Home closing revenue increased by 9.4% to $805.0 million on 1,969 closings for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $735.9 million from 1,800 closings during the same quarter of the prior year, driven entirely by increased closing volume. Average sales prices on home closings were consistent with the prior year, as price increases in some markets are being fully offset by a higher percentage of entry-level homes in our closing mix. Home orders also improved year-over-year, with order value growing by 6.9% to $765.0 million on 1,874 homes in the third quarter of 2017 as compared to $715.6 million on 1,737 homes in the third quarter of 2016. We ended the quarter with 250 actively selling communities, a 5.5% improvement over prior year and maintained a relatively flat company-wide orders pace of 7.4 homes ordered per average community in the third quarter of 2017 compared to 7.3 in the comparable 2016 quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, home closing units and revenue grew by 218 units and $136.1 million for total home closing revenue of $2.3 billion, 6.4% higher than the nine month period in 2016. Orders for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were up 6.3% from the prior year resulting in order value of $2.5 billion, a 7.2% increase from the 2016 period. We ended the quarter with 3,333 homes in backlog, reflecting a $32.9 million, or 2.4%, increase from 2016 driven entirely by volume as average sales prices are beginning to temper as we shift toward a higher percentage of backlog from entry-level homes.
West. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the West region led the company in home closing units and revenue in addition to contributing the largest growth in closing volume year over year. Home closing revenue rose 18.5% over the 2016 period, due to a 22.2% increase in homes closed partially offset by a slight decline in average sales prices, resulting in 820 closings valued at $373.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Average community count in the West region was down 6.9%, although orders pace was consistent at 8.6, resulting in order units and value declining by 6.2% and 4.0%, respectively. The region ended the third quarter of 2017 with 640 orders valued at $296.6 million and a 2.3% increase in average sales prices. Average sales prices in the Region are starting to temper as Arizona is contributing a larger percentage to the Region's results and is shifting to a higher number of lower priced, faster selling communities aimed to first-time buyers. Strong demand is evident in all markets in the region where our orders pace continues to outpace the rest of the company. As a result, communities are selling out faster than anticipated. We are actively working to open additional communities throughout the region and we anticipate over forty new community openings in the next twelve months, with over half of those targeted toward the first-time homebuyer where we are experiencing particularly strong demand.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, similar to the third quarter results, the number and value of units closed versus prior year improved by 15.1% and 14.8%, respectively, driven by significant growth in Arizona. Orders in Arizona were also the driver for the Region's 6.9% higher orders year to date. The Region ended the nine-month period with overall growth in order value of $72.8 million on 149 additional units and ending backlog of $501.5 million on 1,008 units.
Central. In the third quarter of 2017, the Central Region, made up of our Texas markets, closed 647 homes and generated $236.8 million in home closing revenue, improvements of 19.4% and 18.7%, respectively, leading to year over year home closing revenue growth of $37.3 million despite some delays in deliveries and construction cycle times from the hurricane that impacted the Houston market. Orders grew by 21.5% to a total of 593 units valued at $213.2 million at September 30, 2017 as compared to 488 units valued at $178.9 million in the prior year. We continue to see improved demand trends in the Central Region, evidenced by the rising orders in the third quarter of 2017 aided by a 25.9% increase in average communities. Third quarter orders pace dipped slightly partially due to sales office closures from the hurricane and related flooding. We are responding to the entry-level demand in this Region with a strong transition to first-time buyer product offerings, as evidenced in the marginally decreasing average sales prices year over year on both closings and orders.
Year-to-date saw overall improvements in the Region as well. Home closings and home closing revenue results were similar to the third quarter with increases of 12.1% and 12.5%, respectively, compared to prior year. Orders and order value were up year over year by 22.8% and 20.4%, respectively, aided by a 18.5% increase in average active communities and a 3.6% increase in orders pace. The Region ended the quarter with 1,179 homes in backlog valued at $437.2 million, 17.0% and 14.5% improvements, respectively.
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East. Our East region generated 502 closings and $194.5 million in home closing revenue in the third quarter of 2017, declines of 14.5% and 12.0%, respectively, from the prior year. The decline in closing volume was partially offset with a 2.9% or $10,900 increase in average sales price, as nearly all markets in the Region experienced higher average sales prices on their third quarter closings versus prior year. Order volume increased by 13.1% compared to prior year which led to a 12.1% increase in order value, ending the third quarter of 2017 with 641 units valued at $255.2 million. New community openings in high-demand sub-markets is a strategic focus for us in the East Region. We held back some community openings until the roll-out of our new product offering throughout the majority of the region which impacted orders in the first several months of the year and accordingly third quarter closings. While certain markets have seen community count growth thus far, we still have a significant number of additional new communities anticipated to open in the next several months in the region. In the third quarter of 2017, orders pace in the East region improved by 12.1% which we believe demonstrates the desirability of our updated plan offerings in newer community locations. Both closing and order volumes in the third quarter of 2017 were impacted by the hurricane-related delays as sales offices in certain areas of Florida were closed for several weeks and construction cycle times have been slowed due primarily to utility and municipal delays in the area.
The year-to-date closing results of the East Region were similar to those of the third quarter, with 1,446 units closed, providing $583.0 million in home closing revenue, 15.6% and 10.6% lower than the 2016 period, respectively. The region ended the nine month period of 2017 with a 7.8% decrease in orders and a 3.1% decrease in order value compared to prior year, attributable to a 9.7% decline in average communities related to the delay in community openings pending the introduction of our new product offering. Similar to the third quarter of 2017, year-to-date orders pace improved by 2.3% over the comparable 2016 period. Backlog units and value improved in the region by 4.5% and 7.9%, respectively, to end the quarter with 1,146 units in backlog valued at $470.1 million.
Land Closing Revenue and Gross Profit
From time to time, we may sell certain lots or land parcels to other homebuilders, developers or investors if we feel the sale will provide a greater economic benefit to us than continuing home construction or where we are looking to diversify our land positions in the specific geography. As a result of such sales, we recognized land closing revenue of $0.6 million and $17.0 million for the three months ending September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $16.9 and $21.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We recognized a loss of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to a nominal profit of $0.9 million in the third quarter of the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, both periods recognized land closing gross profits of $1.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
Other Operating Information (dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Dollars |  | Percent of Home Closing Revenue |  | Dollars |  | Percent of Home Closing Revenue |  | Dollars |  | Percent of Home Closing Revenue |  | Dollars |  | Percent of Home Closing Revenue
Home Closing Gross Profit (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 145,658 |  |  | 18.1 | % |  | $ | 130,979 |  |  | 17.8 | % |  | $ | 393,836 |  |  | 17.4 | % |  | $ | 372,072 |  |  | 17.5 | %
West | $ | 67,225 |  |  | 18.0 | % |  | $ | 56,381 |  |  | 17.9 | % |  | $ | 181,692 |  |  | 17.4 | % |  | $ | 156,879 |  |  | 17.3 | %
Central | $ | 49,746 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 39,546 |  |  | 19.8 | % |  | $ | 128,878 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | $ | 112,664 |  |  | 19.9 | %
East | $ | 28,687 |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | $ | 35,052 |  |  | 15.9 | % |  | $ | 83,266 |  |  | 14.3 | % |  | $ | 102,529 |  |  | 15.7 | %

(1) | Home closing gross profit represents home closing revenue less cost of home closings, including impairments. Cost of home closings includes land and lot development costs, direct home construction costs, an allocation of common community costs (such as model complex costs and architectural, legal and zoning costs), interest, sales tax, impact fees, warranty, construction overhead and closing costs.

Companywide. Home closing gross margin for the third quarter of 2017 increased by 30 basis points over the prior year, combined with higher home closing revenue, resulted in a $14.7 million increase in home closing gross profit. With improved demand and pricing power, we have been successful in some markets in minimizing the impact of rising costs and improving our leverage of construction overhead costs on increased revenues. Charges incurred on asset write-offs in the third quarter of 2017 of approximately $1.8 million impacted gross margin by 20 basis points as compared to the third quarter of 2016 with a
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10 basis point impact on home closing gross margin. Home closing gross margin has improved sequentially throughout 2017. Accordingly, combined with higher home closing revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 home closing gross profit increased by $21.8 million over the 2016 period with margins of 17.4% in 2017 compared to 17.5% in 2016.
West. Our West Region reported slightly higher year-over-year home closing gross margin for the third quarter of 2017 of 18.0% compared to 17.9% in 2016, and 17.4% versus 17.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We are making concerted efforts to maximize margins in the Region and have been successful with raising average sales prices in certain markets to offset land and labor cost increases. Higher volume and simplified product, particularly in markets with a face paced, entry-level focus, has also helped with leveraging construction overhead costs and improving home closing gross margin.
Central. The Central Region produced the highest home closing gross margin in the company and improved 120 basis points year over year, with 21.0% in 2017 versus 19.8% in 2016. In the third quarter of 2017, we were successful in maintaining pricing in alignment with labor, construction and land cost increases. The increased volume of closings and higher revenue in the Central region helped leverage construction overhead costs, resulting in an improved home closing gross margin both in the third quarter and year to date. Year to date, the Region's margins improved by 30 basis points, increasing from 19.9% in 2016 to 20.2% in 2017.
East. The East Region experienced lower year-over-year gross margins in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 of 14.7% and 14.3%, respectively, versus 15.9% and 15.7% for the same periods in 2016. A primary contributor to the decline was impairment charges partially stemming from terminated land contracts. These charges impacted third quarter margins by 90 basis points as compared to the third quarter of 2016 where impairment charges negatively impacted margins by 10 basis points. The lower gross margin was also partially driven by reduced leverage of construction overhead costs due to the decrease in closing volume compared to prior year. We have experienced sequential home closing gross margin improvement throughout the year and as we remain in a period of growth in several of the markets in this Region, we expect that our new product offerings in high demand areas will continue to provide us with pricing power opportunities as well as greater leverage of overhead costs.
Financial Services Profit (in thousands)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Financial services profit | $ | 5,514 |  |  | $ | 5,956 |  |  | $ | 15,361 |  |  | $ | 15,765 |

Financial services profit represents the net profit of our financial services operations, including the operating profit generated by our wholly-owned title company, Carefree Title, as well as our portion of earnings from a mortgage joint venture. The decline is the result of a decline in the capture rate of homebuyers by our mortgage joint venture in the East region.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses and Other Expenses ($ in thousands)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Commissions and Other Sales Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars | $ | (55,845 | ) |  | $ | (52,478 | ) |  | $ | (158,866 | ) |  | $ | (155,034 | )
Percent of home closing revenue | 6.9 | % |  | 7.1 | % |  | 7.0 | % |  | 7.3 | %
General and Administrative Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars | $ | (31,636 | ) |  | $ | (33,258 | ) |  | $ | (90,849 | ) |  | $ | (91,774 | )
Percent of home closing revenue | 3.9 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | 4.3 | %
(Loss)/Earnings from Other Unconsolidated Entities, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars | $ | (91 | ) |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | 856 |
Interest Expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars | $ | (1,116 | ) |  | $ | (167 | ) |  | $ | (3,561 | ) |  | $ | (5,127 | )
Other Income, Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars | $ | 2,028 |  |  | $ | 1,435 |  |  | $ | 5,218 |  |  | $ | 3,263 |
Provision for Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars | $ | (20,905 | ) |  | $ | (16,915 | ) |  | $ | (55,727 | ) |  | $ | (43,989 | )

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Commissions and Other Sales Costs. Commissions and other sales costs are comprised of internal and external commissions and related sales and marketing expenses such as advertising and sales office costs. These costs increased by $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 versus 2016 and increased $3.8 million year to date as a result of increased closing volume. As a percentage of home closing revenue, commissions and other sales costs declined by 20 basis points to 6.9% during the three months ended September 30, 2017, and by 30 basis points to 7.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This is the result of improved overhead leverage on higher revenues and the revised commission structure we implemented in the latter half of 2016.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses represent corporate and divisional overhead expenses such as salaries and bonuses, occupancy, insurance and travel expenses. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, general and administrative expenses were $31.6 million as compared to $33.3 million for the 2016 period. This decrease is primarily related to our focus on various cost cutting initiatives throughout the company as we continually strive to optimize overhead leverage through cost control efforts at both corporate and divisional levels. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, these costs were $90.8 million versus $91.8 million in 2016. As a percentage of home closing revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased by 60 basis points for the three-month period ending September 30, 2017 to 3.9% and decreased by 30 basis points to 4.0% year to date. The improved leverage year to date is mainly attributable to the additional closing revenue in 2017 over 2016 in addition to lower costs overall.
(Loss)/Earnings from Other Unconsolidated Entities, Net. Earnings from other unconsolidated entities, net represents our portion of pre-tax earnings/(losses) from non-financial services joint ventures. Included in this amount is both the pass through of earnings/(losses) from the joint ventures' most recently available financial statements as well as any accrued expected earnings/(losses) for the periods presented that might not have been reflected in the joint ventures' financial statements provided to us. The three-month period ended September 30, 2017 reported a slight loss of $0.1 million compared to earnings of $0.4 million in the respective 2016 period. The nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 both reported earnings of $0.9 million.
Interest Expense. Interest expense is comprised of interest incurred, but not capitalized, on our senior notes, Convertible Notes, other borrowings, and our Credit Facility. Interest expense increased year over year in the third quarter to $1.1 million for 2017 compared to $0.2 million in 2016 as we had a higher amount of outstanding debt and associated interest charges from our 5.125% senior notes entered into in June 2017. Our non-capitalizable interest expense was $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $5.1 million for the 2016 period due to a higher balance of inventory under development that qualifies for interest capitalization.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net, primarily consists of (i) forfeited deposits from potential homebuyers who canceled their purchase contracts with us, (ii) sublease income, (iii) interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, and (iv) payments and awards related to legal settlements. Other income, net was favorably impacted in 2017 both in the third quarter and year to date primarily by additional interest income from municipalities related to reimbursable land development costs and forfeited buyer deposits compared to the prior year periods.
Income Taxes. Our effective tax rate was 32.9% and 31.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 34.1% and 31.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our tax rate has been favorably impacted in both years by the homebuilding manufacturing deduction and federal energy tax credits. Although the legislation related to federal energy tax credits has expired for tax years after 2016, we continue to claim and recognize a benefit in 2017 and later years for additional energy tax credits from years prior to 2017.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our principal uses of capital in the first nine months of 2017 were acquisition and development of new and strategic lot positions, operating expenses, home construction and the payment of routine liabilities. We used funds generated by operations, our new senior notes, and borrowings under our Credit Facility to meet our short-term working capital requirements and to pay off our Convertible Notes. We remain focused on acquiring desirable land positions, generating increasing margins in our homebuilding operations and maintaining a strong balance sheet to support future needs and growth, while leveraging land options where possible.
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Operating Cash Flow Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, net cash used in operations totaled $174.4 million and $148.3 million, respectively. Operating cash flows in both 2017 and 2016 benefited from cash generated by net earnings of $107.7 million and $97.7 million, respectively, offset mainly by increases in real estate of $336.1 million and $318.5 million, respectively, reflecting increased land and land development spending.
Investing Cash Flow Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash used in investing activities totaled $10.9 million as compared to $12.4 million for the same period in 2016. Cash used in investing activities in the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 is mainly attributable to the purchases of property and equipment of $12.0 million and $12.3 million for the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively.
Financing Cash Flow Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash provided by financing activities totaled $168.8 million as compared to $6.4 million for the same period in 2016. The net cash provided by financing activities in 2017 is primarily the result of $300.0 million in net proceeds received from our 5.125% bond issuance offset partially by the redemption of our Convertible Notes. Our 2016 results were mainly attributable to $25.0 million in proceeds from our Credit Facility partially offset by $18.3 million in payments of loans payable and other borrowings.
Overview of Cash Management
Cash flows for each of our communities depend on their stage of the development cycle, and can differ substantially from reported earnings. Early stages of development or expansion require significant cash outlays for land acquisitions, zoning plat and other approvals, community and lot development, and construction of model homes, roads, utilities, landscape and other amenities. Because these costs are a component of our inventory and not recognized in our statement of operations until a home closes, we incur significant cash outlays prior to recognition of earnings. In the later stages of a community, cash inflows may significantly exceed earnings reported for financial statement purposes, as the cash outflow associated with home and land construction was previously incurred. From a liquidity standpoint, we are currently actively acquiring and developing lots in our markets to maintain and grow our lot supply and active community count. We are also using our cash on hand and draws under our Credit Facility, as needed, to fund operations in newer markets. As demand for new homes improves and we continue to expand our business, we expect cash outlays for land purchases, land development and home construction will continue to exceed our cash generated from operations in the near term.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we closed 5,456 homes, purchased about 9,000 lots for $477.8 million, spent $247.5 million on land development, paid $45.8 million in lot purchase and option deposits, and started construction on 6,416 homes. The opportunity to purchase substantially finished lots in desired locations continues to be more limited and competitive as compared to prior years. As a result, we are purchasing more undeveloped land and partially-finished lots than in recent years and subsequently incurring development dollars in order to bring them to a finished status ready for home construction. We exercise strict controls and believe we have a prudent strategy for Company-wide cash management, including those related to cash outlays for land and inventory acquisition and development. We ended the third quarter of 2017 with $115.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, a $16.5 million decrease from December 31, 2016.
We expect to generate cash from the sale of our inventory, but we intend to redeploy that cash to acquire and develop strategic and well-positioned lots to grow our business. We believe that we currently have strong liquidity. Nevertheless, we may seek additional capital to strengthen our liquidity position, enable us to opportunistically acquire additional land inventory in anticipation of improving market conditions, and/or strengthen our long-term capital structure. Such additional capital may be in the form of equity or debt financing and may be from a variety of sources. There can be no assurances that we would be able to obtain such additional capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and such additional equity or debt financing could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders or increase our interest costs. We may also from time to time engage in opportunistic repurchases of our common stock in open market or privately-negotiated transactions as well as repurchase our outstanding senior notes.
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In May 2017, we entered into an amendment to our Credit Facility, which among other things, increased the total commitments available from $540.0 million to $625.0 million and extended the maturity date of a substantial portion of the Credit Facility. Of the total commitments, $60.0 million matures in July 2019 and the remaining $565.0 million matures in July 2021. In June 2017, we completed an offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2027, bearing interest at 5.125%. In addition, in June 2017 we redeemed $51.9 million of aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes in privately negotiated transactions. In September of 2017, on the fifth anniversary of the Convertible Notes, the remaining $74.6 million of our Convertible Notes was redeemed for cash through a combination of holder redemptions and an exercise of our call option, in each case at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Reference is made to Notes 5 and 6 in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.
We believe that our leverage ratios provide useful information to the users of our financial statements regarding our financial position and cash and debt management. Debt-to-capital and net debt-to-capital are calculated as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Notes payable and other borrowings |  | $ | 1,304,242 |  |  | $ | 1,127,314 |
Stockholders’ equity |  | 1,539,108 |  |  | 1,421,495 |
Total capital |  | $ | 2,843,350 |  |  | $ | 2,548,809 |
Debt-to-capital (1) |  | 45.9 | % |  | 44.2 | %
Notes payable and other borrowings |  | $ | 1,304,242 |  |  | $ | 1,127,314 |
Less: cash and cash equivalents |  | (115,167 | ) |  | (131,702 | )
Net debt |  | 1,189,075 |  |  | 995,612 |
Stockholders’ equity |  | 1,539,108 |  |  | 1,421,495 |
Total net capital |  | $ | 2,728,183 |  |  | $ | 2,417,107 |
Net debt-to-capital (2) |  | 43.6 | % |  | 41.2 | %

(1) | Debt-to-capital is computed as senior and convertible senior notes, net and loans payable and other borrowings divided by the aggregate of total senior and convertible senior notes, net and loans payable and other borrowings and stockholders' equity.

(2) | Net debt-to-capital is computed as net debt divided by the aggregate of net debt and stockholders' equity. Net debt is total senior and convertible senior notes, net and loans payable and other borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the ratio of debt to total capital. We believe the ratio of net debt-to-capital is a relevant financial measure for investors to understand the leverage employed in our operations and as an indicator of our ability to obtain financing.

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Credit Facility Covenants
Borrowings under the Credit Facility are unsecured but availability is subject to, among other things, a borrowing base. The Credit Facility also contains certain financial covenants, including (a) a minimum tangible net worth requirement of $987.4 million (which amount is subject to increase over time based on subsequent earnings and proceeds from equity offerings), and (b) a maximum leverage covenant that prohibits the leverage ratio (as defined therein) from exceeding 60%. In addition, we are required to maintain either (i) an interest coverage ratio (EBITDA to interest expense, as defined therein) of at least 1.50 to 1.00 or (ii) liquidity (as defined therein) of an amount not less than our consolidated interest incurred during the trailing 12 months. We were in compliance with all Credit Facility covenants as of September 30, 2017. Our actual financial covenant calculations as of September 30, 2017 are reflected in the table below.

Financial Covenant (dollars in thousands): | Covenant Requirement |  | Actual
Minimum Tangible Net Worth | > $1,029,472 |  | $1,499,496
Leverage Ratio | < 60% |  | 43%
Interest Coverage Ratio (1) | > 1.50 |  | 4.49
Minimum Liquidity (1) | > $75,903 |  | $648,670
Investments other than defined permitted investments | < $449,849 |  | $16,378

(1) | We are required to meet either the Interest Coverage Ratio or Minimum Liquidity, but not both.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Reference is made to Notes 1, 3, 4, and 15 in the accompanying Notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference herein. These Notes discuss our off-balance sheet arrangements with respect to land acquisition contracts and option agreements, and land development joint ventures, including the nature and amounts of financial obligations relating to these items. In addition, these Notes discuss the nature and amounts of certain types of commitments that arise in connection with the ordinary course of our land development and homebuilding operations, including commitments of land development joint ventures for which we might be obligated.
Seasonality
Historically, we have experienced seasonal variations in our quarterly operating results and capital requirements. We typically take orders for more homes in the first half of the fiscal year than in the second half, which creates additional working capital requirements in the second and third quarters to build our inventories to satisfy seasonally higher deliveries in the second half of the year. We expect this seasonal pattern to continue over the long term.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this report for discussion of recently issued accounting standards.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our fixed rate debt is made up primarily of $175.0 million in principal of our 4.50% senior notes, $300.0 million in principal of our 7.15% senior notes, $300.0 million in principal of our 7.00% senior notes, $200.0 million in principal of our 6.00% senior notes, and $300.0 million of our 5.125% senior notes. Except in limited circumstances, we do not have an obligation to prepay our fixed-rate debt prior to maturity and, as a result, interest rate risk and changes in fair value should not have a significant impact on our fixed rate borrowings until we would be required to repay such debt. Our Credit Facility is subject to interest rate changes as the borrowing rates are based on LIBOR or PRIME (see Note 5 in the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q).
Our operations are interest rate sensitive. As overall housing demand is adversely affected by increases in interest rates, a significant increase in mortgage interest rates may negatively affect the ability of homebuyers to secure adequate financing. Higher interest rates could adversely affect our revenues, gross margins and net income and would also increase our variable rate borrowing costs. We do not enter into, or intend to enter into, derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

In order to ensure that the information we must disclose in our filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis, we have developed and implemented disclosure controls and procedures. Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on such evaluation, management has concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level in ensuring that information that is required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
During the fiscal quarter covered by this Form 10-Q, there has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or that is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various routine legal and regulatory proceedings, including, without limitation, claims and litigation alleging construction defects. In general, the proceedings are incidental to our business, and most exposure is subject to and should be covered by warranty and indemnity obligations of our consultants and subcontractors. Additionally, some such claims are also covered by insurance. With respect to the majority of pending legal proceedings, our ultimate legal and financial responsibility, if any, cannot be estimated with certainty and, in most cases, any potential losses related to these matters are not considered probable. Historically, most disputes regarding warranty claims are resolved prior to the initiation of legal proceedings. We believe there are not any pending legal or warranty matters that could have a material adverse impact upon our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows that have not been sufficiently reserved. Information related to pending legal proceedings is presented in Note 15 - Commitments on Contingencies, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may eventually prove to materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities:
A summary of the Company's repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2)
July 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 130,202,650 |
August 1, 2017 - August 31, 2017 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 130,202,650 |
September 1, 2017 - September 30, 2017 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 130,202,650 |
Total | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

(1) | During the third quarter of 2017, the Company (i) repurchased $26.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its Convertible Notes pursuant to the noteholder's exercise of their put provision of the Convertible Notes and (ii) called the remaining $48.6 million of outstanding Convertible Notes pursuant to our exercise of the call provision of the Convertible Notes, in each case at a price of 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, plus accrued interest (See Note 6 - Senior and Convertible Senior Notes, Net in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item I of this Form 10-Q for additional details).

(2) | On February 21, 2006, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program, authorizing the expenditure of up to $100 million to repurchase shares of our common stock, in open market or privately negotiated transactions, based on market conditions and subject to certain price parameters. On August 15, 2006, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $100 million under this program. There is no stated expiration date for this program. As of September 30, 2017, we had approximately $130.2 million of the authorized amount available to repurchase shares under this program.

We have never declared cash dividends, nor do we intend to declare cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We plan to retain our cash to finance the continuing development of the business. Future cash dividends, if any, will depend upon financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, statutory requirements, compliance with certain restrictive debt covenants, as well as other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors.
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Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Description | Page or Method of Filing
3.1 | Restated Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 of Form 8-K dated June 20, 2002
3.1.1 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K dated September 15, 2004
3.1.2 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
3.1.3 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation | Incorporated by reference to Appendix B of Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
3.1.4 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 9, 2009
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Meritage Homes Corporation | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K dated May 10, 2017
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Steven J. Hilton, Chief Executive Officer | Filed herewith
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Hilla Sferruzza, Chief Financial Officer | Filed herewith
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | Furnished herewith
101.0 | The following financial statements from the Meritage Homes Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language); (i) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Income Statements, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| MERITAGE HOMES CORPORATION, a Maryland Corporation |
By: | /s/ HILLA SFERRUZZA |  |
| Hilla Sferruzza Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
Date: | October 30, 2017 |  |

INDEX OF EXHIBITS

3.1 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation
3.1.1 |  | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation
3.1.2 |  | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation
3.1.3 |  | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation
3.1.4 |  | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Meritage Homes Corporation
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Meritage Homes Corporation
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Steven J. Hilton, Chief Executive Officer
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Hilla Sferruzza, Chief Financial Officer
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
101.0 |  | The following financial statements from the Meritage Homes Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language); (i) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Income Statements, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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