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Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers | Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers Description of Revenue Generating Activities We employ sales, marketing and customer service personnel throughout the world who sell and market our products and services to and/or through a large number of distributors, fabricators, converters, e-commerce and mail order fulfillment firms, and contract packaging firms as well as directly to end-users such as food processors, foodservice businesses, supermarket retailers, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare facilities, medical device manufacturers, and other manufacturers. As discussed in Note 6, "Segments," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, our reporting segments are Food Care and Product Care. Our Food Care applications are largely sold directly to end customers, while our Product Care products are sold through business supply distributors and direct to the end customer. Food Care: Food Care largely serves perishable food processors, predominantly in chilled, smoked and processed meat, poultry and dairy-solid markets worldwide, and maintains positions in target applications. Food Care provides integrated packaging materials, equipment, and automation solutions and services to increase operational efficiency, extend shelf life and reduce resource use throughout the supply chain with innovative, sustainable packaging that enables customers to reduce costs and enhance their brands in the marketplace. Product Care: Product Care packaging solutions are utilized across many global markets and are especially valuable to e-Commerce, electronics and industrial manufacturing. Product Care solutions are designed to protect valuable goods in shipping, and drive operational excellence for our customers, increasing their order fulfillment velocity while minimizing material usage, dimensional weight and packaging labor requirements. Recent acquisitions in Product Care include Fagerdala Singapore Pte Ltd. ("Fagerdala") in 2017, AFP in 2018 and Automated Packaging Systems, LLC (“Automated”) in 2019. Product Care benefits from the continued expansion of e-Commerce, increasing freight costs, scarcity of labor, and increasing demand for more sustainable packaging. Product Care solutions are largely sold through supply distributors that sell to business/industrial end-users. Product Care solutions are additionally sold directly to fabricators, original equipment manufacturers, contract manufacturers, third-party logistics partners, e-commerce/fulfillment operations, and at various retail centers. Product Care solutions are marketed under brands including Bubble Wrap® brand inflatable packaging, Sealed Air® brand performance shrink films and Autobag® brand bagging systems. Product Care product families include additional tradenames including Instapak® polyurethane foam packaging solutions and Korrvu® suspension and retention packaging. Adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance, collectively, Topic 606. The Company adopted the new revenue recognition standard using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the adoption date. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements with the exception of new and expanded disclosures. However, reporting periods prior to Topic 606 adoption may not be comparable due to differences between Topic 606 and the previous accounting guidance. For the year ending December 31, 2017, the Company recognized revenue under ASC 605, under which the following criteria were used for revenue recognition: persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, shipment has occurred, selling price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Identify Contract with Customer: For Sealed Air, the determination of whether an arrangement meets the definition of a contract under Topic 606 depends on whether it creates enforceable rights and obligations. While enforceability is a matter of law, we believe that enforceable rights and obligations in a contract must be substantive in order for the contract to be in scope of Topic 606. That is, the penalty for noncompliance must be significant relative to the minimum obligation. Fixed or minimum purchase obligations with penalties for noncompliance are the most common examples of substantive enforceable rights present in our contracts. We determined that the contract term is the period of enforceability outlined by the terms of the contract. This means that in many cases, the term stated in the contract is different than the period of enforceability. After the minimum purchase obligation is met, subsequent sales are treated as separate contracts on a purchase order by purchase order basis. If no minimum purchase obligation exists, the next level of enforceability is determined, which often represents the individual purchase orders and the agreed upon terms. Performance Obligations: The most common goods and services determined to be distinct performance obligations are consumables/materials, equipment sales, and maintenance. Free on loan and leased equipment is typically identified as a separate lease component in scope of Topic 842. The other goods or services promised in the contract with the customer in most cases do not represent performance obligations because they are neither separate nor distinct, or they are not material in the context of the contract. Transaction Price and Variable Consideration: Sealed Air has many forms of variable consideration present in its contracts with customers, including rebates and other discounts. Sealed Air estimates variable consideration using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method as described in the standard. We include in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. For all contracts that contain a form of variable consideration, Sealed Air estimates at contract inception, and periodically throughout the term of the contract, what volume of goods and/or services the customer will purchase in a given period and determines how much consideration is payable to the customer or how much consideration Sealed Air would be able to recover from the customer based on the structure of the type of variable consideration. In most cases the variable consideration in contracts with customers results in amounts payable to the customer by Sealed Air. Sealed Air adjusts the contract transaction price based on any changes in estimates each reporting period and performs an inception to date cumulative adjustment to the amount of revenue previously recognized. When the contract with a customer contains a minimum purchase obligation, Sealed Air only has enforceable rights to the amount of consideration promised in the minimum purchase obligation through the enforceable term of the contract. This amount of consideration, plus any variable consideration, makes up the transaction price for the contract. Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments of transaction price impact the amount of net sales recognized by us in the period of adjustment. Revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 from performance obligations satisfied in previous reporting periods was $5.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The Company does not adjust consideration in contracts with customers for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects that the period between transfer of a good or service and payment for that good or service will be one year or less. This is expected to be the case for the majority of contracts. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Allocation of Transaction Price: Sealed Air determines the standalone selling price for a performance obligation by first looking for observable selling prices of that performance obligation sold on a standalone basis. If an observable price is not available, we estimate the standalone selling price of the performance obligation using one of the three suggested methods in the following order of preference: adjusted market assessment approach, expected cost plus a margin approach, and residual approach. Sealed Air often offers rebates to customers in their contracts that are related to the amount of consumables purchased. We believe that this form of variable consideration should only be allocated to consumables because the entire amount of variable consideration relates to the customer’s purchase of and Sealed Air’s efforts to provide consumables. Additionally, Sealed Air has many contracts that have pricing tied to third-party indices. We believe that variability from index-based pricing should be allocated specifically to consumables because the pricing formulas in these contracts are related to the cost to produce consumables. Transfer of Control: Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer. Revenue for consumables and equipment sales is recognized based on shipping terms, which is the point in time the customer obtains control of the promised goods. Maintenance revenue is recognized straight-line on the basis that the level of effort is consistent over the term of the contract. Lease components within contracts with customers are recognized in accordance with Topic 842. Disaggregated Revenue For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, revenues from contracts with customers summarized by Segment Geography were as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2019
(In millions)(1) |  | Food Care |  | Product Care |  | Total
North America |  | $ | 1,612.2 |  |  | $ | 1,197.9 |  |  | $ | 2,810.1 |
EMEA |  | 617.1 |  |  | 388.2 |  |  | 1,005.3 |
South America |  | 216.2 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 233.1 |
APAC |  | 413.7 |  |  | 299.0 |  |  | 712.7 |
Topic 606 Segment Revenue |  | 2,859.2 |  |  | 1,902.0 |  |  | 4,761.2 |
Non-Topic 606 Revenue (Leasing: Sales-type and Operating) |  | 21.3 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 29.9 |
Total |  | $ | 2,880.5 |  |  | $ | 1,910.6 |  |  | $ | 4,791.1 |
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2018
(In millions)(1) |  | Food Care |  | Product Care |  | Total
North America |  | $ | 1,599.8 |  |  | $ | 1,115.7 |  |  | $ | 2,715.5 |
EMEA |  | 653.1 |  |  | 381.2 |  |  | 1,034.3 |
South America |  | 211.0 |  |  | 17.9 |  |  | 228.9 |
APAC |  | 424.1 |  |  | 300.8 |  |  | 724.9 |
Topic 606 Segment Revenue |  | 2,888.0 |  |  | 1,815.6 |  |  | 4,703.6 |
Non-Topic 606 Revenue (Leasing: Sales-type and Operating) |  | 20.1 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | 29.1 |
Total |  | $ | 2,908.1 |  |  | $ | 1,824.6 |  |  | $ | 4,732.7 |
(1) | Amounts by geography has been reclassified from prior year disclosure to reflect adjustments to our regional operating model. As of January 1, 2019, our geographic regions are: North America, EMEA, South America and APAC. Our North American operations include Canada, the United States, Mexico and Central America. Mexico and Central America were previously included in Latin America. Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contract Balances The time between when a performance obligation is satisfied and when billing and payment occur is closely aligned, with the exception of equipment accruals. An equipment accrual is a contract offering, whereby a customer is incentivized to use a portion of the consumables transaction price for future equipment purchases. Long-term contracts that include an equipment accrual create a timing difference between when cash is collected and the performance obligation is satisfied, resulting in a contract liability (unearned revenue). The opening and closing balances of contract liabilities arising from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
(In millions) |  | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Contract liabilities |  | $ | 16.7 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |
There were no contract asset balances recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Revenue recognized in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $5.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively. This revenue was driven primarily by equipment performance obligations being satisfied. The contract liability balance represents deferred revenue, primarily related to equipment accruals. The increase in 2019 to deferred revenue was driven by new agreements and volume on existing agreements. The Automated acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company's contract asset or contract liability balances during the year. Remaining Performance Obligations The following table summarizes the estimated transaction price from contracts with customers allocated to performance obligations or portions of performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of December 31, 2019, as well as the expected timing of recognition of that transaction price.
(In millions) |  | Short-Term(1) (12 months or less) |  | Long-Term |  | Total
Total transaction price |  | $ | 6.2 |  |  | $ | 10.5 |  |  | $ | 16.7 |
(1) Our enforceable contractual obligations tend to be short term in nature. The table above does not include the transaction price of any remaining performance obligations that are part of the contracts with expected durations of less than one year. Assets recognized for the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract The Company recognizes incremental costs to fulfill a contract as an asset if such incremental costs are expected to be recovered, relate directly to a contract or anticipated contract, and generate or enhance resources that will be used to satisfy performance obligations in the future. The Company recognizes incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. For example, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses. Costs for shipping and handling activities performed after a customer obtains control of a good are accounted for as costs to fulfill a contract and are included in cost of goods sold.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 + Details
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