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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follows:
 For the Three Months Ended 
September 30,		For the Nine Months Ended 
September 30,
 2024202320242023
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State and local income taxes3.6 %4.3 %6.6 %2.8 %
Non-deductible executive compensation expense1.4 %1.2 %2.9 %1.6 %
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation0.0 %0.0 %-0.4 %-2.1 %
Other0.0 %0.1 %0.1 %0.1 %
Effective income tax rate26.0 %26.6 %30.2 %23.4 %

State and local income taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the impact of state and local income taxes on our effective income tax rate decreased from the same period in 2023, primarily due to the settlement of an uncertain tax position during the third quarter of 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the impact of state and local income taxes on our effective income tax rate increased from the same period in 2023, primarily due to:
•An adjustment to an uncertain tax position estimate during the second quarter of 2024, which increased our effective income tax rate by 230 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
•    Changes in state tax laws that were enacted during the second quarter of 2024, which are expected to increase our long-term effective tax rate by approximately 10 basis points. The enactment of these tax law changes increased our effective income tax rate by 70 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Non-deductible executive compensation expense

We recognize non-deductible executive compensation expense as an increase of provision for income taxes or a reduction of benefit for income taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the impact of non-deductible executive compensation expense on our effective income tax rate increased from the same period in 2023, primarily due to a decrease in pre-tax income.

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

We recognize an excess tax benefit or tax deficiency when the deduction for the stock-based compensation expense of a stock award for tax purposes differs from the cumulative stock-based compensation expense recognized in the financial statements. The excess tax benefit or tax deficiency is recognized in provision for income taxes in the period in which the amount of the deduction is determined, which is when restricted stock units are settled in common stock or stock options are exercised. Excess tax benefits reduce our effective income tax rate, while tax deficiencies increase our effective income tax rate. The decrease in the impact of excess tax benefits on our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in the number of restricted stock units that were settled in common stock during the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the first quarter of 2023 due to the timing of long-term stock award grants, partially offset by a decrease in pre-tax income.