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Hedges and Derivative Financial Instruments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
General Discussion of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities [Abstract] |
Hedges and Derivative Financial Instruments | HEDGES AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value based on market rates. Derivatives where we elect hedge accounting are designated as either cash flow or fair value hedges. Derivatives that are not accounted for based on hedge accounting are marked to market through earnings. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use and designation of the derivative instrument. Hedging ineffectiveness and a net earnings impact occur when the change in the fair value of the hedge does not offset the change in the fair value of the hedged item. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is recognized in earnings. Using derivative instruments means assuming counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk relates to the loss we could incur if a counterparty were to default on a derivative contract. We generally deal with investment grade counterparties and monitor the overall credit risk and exposure to individual counterparties. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any counterparties. The amount of counterparty credit exposure is limited to the unrealized gains, if any, on such derivative contracts. We do not require nor do we post collateral or security on such contracts. Hedging strategy In the normal course of business, we manage risks relating to our ongoing business operations including those arising from changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Fluctuations in these rates and prices can affect our operating results and financial condition. We use a variety of strategies, including the use of derivative instruments, to manage these risks. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Foreign currency exchange rate risk We incur expenses associated with the procurement and production of products in a limited number of countries, while we sell in the local currencies of a large number of countries. Our primary foreign currency exchange exposures result from cross-currency sales of products. As a result, we enter into foreign exchange contracts to hedge certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions to acquire products and services that are denominated in foreign currencies. We enter into certain undesignated non-functional currency asset and liability hedges that relate primarily to short-term payables, receivables, inventory and intercompany loans. These forecasted cross-currency cash flows relate primarily to foreign currency denominated expenditures and intercompany financing agreements, royalty agreements and dividends. When we hedge a foreign currency denominated payable or receivable with a derivative, the effect of changes in the foreign exchange rates are reflected currently in interest and sundry income (expense) for both the payable/receivable and the derivative. Therefore, as a result of the economic hedge, we do not elect hedge accounting. Commodity price risk We enter into swap and option contracts on various commodities to manage the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of materials used in our manufacturing process. The objective of these hedges is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the forecasted purchase of commodities. Interest rate risk We may enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate risk exposure. Our interest rate swap agreements, if any, effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk, primarily through converting certain of our floating rate debt to a fixed rate basis, and certain fixed rate debt to a floating rate basis. These agreements involve either the receipt or payment of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments or receipts, respectively, over the life of the agreements without an exchange of the underlying principal amounts. We also may utilize a cross-currency interest rate swap agreement to manage our exposure relating to certain intercompany debt denominated in one foreign currency that will be repaid in another foreign currency. At December 31, 2013 and 2012 there were no outstanding swap agreements. We may enter into treasury rate lock agreements to effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by locking-in interest rates on probable long-term debt issuances. The following tables summarize our outstanding derivative contracts and their effects on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|  |  |  | Fair Value of |  | Type of Hedge (1) |  |
Millions of dollars |  | Notional Amount |  | Hedge Assets |  | Hedge Liabilities |  | Maximum Term (Months)
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Derivatives accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 1,101 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | (CF/FV) |  | 14 |  | 18
Commodity swaps/options |  | 363 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (CF) |  | 36 |  | 24
Total derivatives accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | 1,274 |  |  | $ | 1,522 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | N/A |  | 12 |  | 13
Commodity swaps/options |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 4 |  | 12
Total derivatives not accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 23 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncurrent |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) | Derivatives accounted for as hedges are either considered cash flow (CF) or fair value (FV) hedges
The pre-tax effects of derivative instruments on our Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
Cash Flow Hedges - Millions of dollars |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) |  | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Income (Effective Portion) (1) |  |
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | (a)
Commodity swaps/options |  | (29 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (a)
Interest rate derivatives |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (b)
|  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | (25 | ) |  |
Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges - Millions of dollars |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges (2)
|  | 2013 |  | 2012
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | (49 | ) |  | $ | (23 | )
(1) | Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated OCI and recognized in income are recorded in (a) cost of products sold; or (b) interest expense.
(2) | Mark to market gains and losses recognized in income are recorded in interest and sundry income (expense).
For cash flow hedges, the amount of ineffectiveness recognized in interest and sundry income (expense) was nominal during 2013 and 2012. For fair value hedges, the amount of gain or loss and offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item that were recognized in interest and sundry income (expense) was nominal during 2013 and 2012. The net amount of unrealized gain or loss on derivative instruments included in accumulated OCI related to contracts maturing and expected to be realized during the next twelve months is nominal at December 31, 2013.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4K -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5708775-113959 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5624163-113959 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(n)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4J -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5708773-113959 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 25 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6886632&loc=d3e76258-113986 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=d3e41635-113959 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4H -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5624258-113959 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5618551-113959 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 45 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6441202&loc=d3e80720-113993 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7668309&loc=d3e80748-113994 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4E -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5624181-113959 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7668309&loc=d3e80784-113994 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=d3e41620-113959 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4D -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5624177-113959 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5579245-113959 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5580258-113959 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5579240-113959 Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=d3e41641-113959 Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=d3e41638-113959 Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4C -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7476318&loc=SL5624171-113959 + Details
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