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Hedges and Derivative Financial Instruments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2017
General Discussion of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities [Abstract] |
Hedges and Derivative Financial Instruments | HEDGES AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value based on market rates. Derivatives where we elect hedge accounting are designated as either cash flow or fair value hedges. Derivatives that are not accounted for based on hedge accounting are marked to market through earnings. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use and designation of the derivative instrument. Hedging ineffectiveness and a net earnings impact occur when the change in the fair value of the hedge does not offset the change in the fair value of the hedged item. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is recognized in earnings. Using derivative instruments means assuming counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk relates to the loss we could incur if a counterparty were to default on a derivative contract. We generally deal with investment grade counterparties and monitor the overall credit risk and exposure to individual counterparties. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any counterparties. The amount of counterparty credit exposure is limited to the unrealized gains, if any, on such derivative contracts. We do not require nor do we post collateral or security on such contracts. Hedging Strategy In the normal course of business, we manage risks relating to our ongoing business operations including those arising from changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Fluctuations in these rates and prices can affect our operating results and financial condition. We use a variety of strategies, including the use of derivative instruments, to manage these risks. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk We incur expenses associated with the procurement and production of products in a limited number of countries, while we sell in the local currencies of a large number of countries. Our primary foreign currency exchange exposures result from cross-currency sales of products. As a result, we enter into foreign exchange contracts to hedge certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions to acquire products and services that are denominated in foreign currencies. We enter into certain undesignated non-functional currency asset and liability hedges that relate primarily to short-term payables, receivables and intercompany loans. These forecasted cross-currency cash flows relate primarily to foreign currency denominated expenditures and intercompany financing agreements, royalty agreements and dividends. When we hedge a foreign currency denominated payable or receivable with a derivative, the effect of changes in the foreign exchange rates are reflected currently in interest and sundry (income) expense for both the payable/receivable and the derivative. Therefore, as a result of the economic hedge, we do not elect hedge accounting. Commodity Price Risk We enter into commodity derivative contracts on various commodities to manage the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of materials used in our manufacturing process. The objective of these hedges is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the forecasted purchase of commodities. Interest Rate Risk We may enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate risk exposure. Our interest rate swap agreements, if any, effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk, primarily through converting certain floating rate debt to a fixed rate basis, and certain fixed rate debt to a floating rate basis. These agreements involve either the receipt or payment of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments or receipts, respectively, over the life of the agreements without an exchange of the underlying principal amounts. We also may utilize a cross-currency interest rate swap agreement to manage our exposure relating to certain intercompany debt denominated in one foreign currency that will be repaid in another foreign currency. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding interest rate swap agreements. We may enter into treasury rate lock agreements to effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by locking in interest rates on probable long-term debt issuances. Net Investment Hedging We primarily use foreign currency denominated debt to hedge our investments in certain foreign subsidiaries. In the first quarter of 2017 and in the fourth quarter of 2016, we designated approximately €400 million and €700 million, respectively, of foreign currency denominated debt instruments as net investment hedges. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the outstanding principal amount of foreign currency denominated debt instruments designated as net investment hedges totaled €800 million and €500 million, respectively. The following table summarizes our foreign currency denominated debt designated as net investment hedges at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
|  | Notional (Local) |  | Notional (USD) |  | Maturity
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  |
Instrument |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior note - 0.625% |  | € | 500 |  |  | € | 500 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | $ | 527 |  |  | March 2020
Commercial Paper |  | € | 300 |  |  | € | — |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | April 2017
For instruments that are designated and qualify as a net investment hedge, the effective portion of the instruments' gain or loss is reported as a component of OCI and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The gain or loss will be subsequently reclassified into net earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated. The remaining change in fair value of the hedge instruments represents the ineffective portion, which is immediately recognized in interest and sundry (income) expense on our consolidated statements of income. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there was no ineffectiveness on hedges designated as net investment hedges. The following table summarizes our outstanding derivative contracts and their effects on our Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
|  |  |  | Fair Value of |  | Type of Hedge(1) |  |
|  | Notional Amount |  | Hedge Assets |  | Hedge Liabilities |  | Maximum Term (Months)
Millions of dollars |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Derivatives accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | 2,089 |  |  | $ | 1,813 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | (CF) |  | 55 |  | 58
Commodity swaps/options |  | 291 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (CF) |  | 45 |  | 36
Total derivatives accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | 2,771 |  |  | $ | 3,262 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | N/A |  | 32 |  | 35
Commodity swaps/options |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 10 |  | 2
Total derivatives not accounted for as hedges |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncurrent |  |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) Derivatives accounted for as hedges are considered cash flow (CF) hedges. The decrease in the notional amount of derivatives is due to decreased inter-company funding activity. The following tables summarize the effects of derivative instruments on our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) |  | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings (Effective Portion) (1) |
Cash Flow Hedges - Millions of dollars |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  | (a)
Commodity swaps/options |  | 15 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (16 | ) | (a)
|  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |
|  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  |  |  |  |  | Gain Recognized on Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges (2) |
Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges - Millions of dollars |  |  |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Foreign exchange forwards/options |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (38 | ) |  | $ | (43 | ) |
(1) Gains and losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) and recognized in income are recorded in (a) cost of products sold or (b) interest expense. (2) Mark to market gains and losses recognized in income are recorded in interest and sundry (income) expense. For cash flow hedges, the amount of ineffectiveness recognized in interest and sundry (income) expense was nominal for the periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. There were no hedges designated as fair value for the periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. The net amount of unrealized gain or loss on derivative instruments included in accumulated OCI related to contracts maturing and expected to be realized during the next twelve months is a loss of $35 million at March 31, 2017.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 45 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6441202&loc=d3e80720-113993 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4C -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5624171-113959 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=d3e41620-113959 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5624163-113959 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5579240-113959 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4D -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5624177-113959 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35736893&loc=d3e80784-113994 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=d3e41641-113959 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5579245-113959 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4H -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5624258-113959 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35736893&loc=d3e80748-113994 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4K -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5708775-113959 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4J -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5708773-113959 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5618551-113959 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5580258-113959 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4E -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=SL5624181-113959 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 25 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6886632&loc=d3e76258-113986 Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=64837297&loc=d3e41638-113959 Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(n)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 + Details
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