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Income Taxes (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The following table summarizes the difference between income tax expense at the United States statutory rate of 35% and the income tax expense at effective worldwide tax rates for the respective periods:


Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,
Millions of dollars

2017

2016

2017

2016
Earnings before income taxes

$
212


$
286


$
410


$
501










Income tax (benefit) expense computed at United States statutory tax rate

74


100


143


175

Valuation allowances (releases)

6


(105
)

7


(105
)
Audits and settlements

(9
)

(32
)

(6
)

(32
)
U.S. foreign income items, net of credits

(34
)

(6
)

(53
)

(11
)
Foreign government tax incentive

(2
)

(2
)

(3
)

(4
)
Other

(2
)

(11
)

(15
)

(20
)
Income tax (benefit) expense computed at effective worldwide tax rates

$
33


$
(56
)

$
73


$
3