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Income Taxes (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The following table summarizes the difference between income tax (benefit) expense at the United States statutory rate of 35% and the income tax (benefit) expense at effective worldwide tax rates for the respective periods:


Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,
Millions of dollars

2017

2016

2017

2016
Earnings before income taxes

$
268


$
305


$
678


$
806










Income tax (benefit) expense computed at United States statutory tax rate

94


107


237


282

Valuation allowances (releases)

(84
)

(59
)

(77
)

(164
)
Audits and settlements

7


(3
)

1


(35
)
U.S. foreign income items, net of credits

(17
)

4


(70
)

(6
)
Foreign government tax incentive

(4
)

(2
)

(7
)

(5
)
Other

—


14


(15
)

(8
)
Income tax (benefit) expense computed at effective worldwide tax rates

$
(4
)

$
61


$
69


$
64