RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

We periodically take action to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with business acquisitions or changes in the economic environment. Our footprint and headcount reductions and organizational integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in the following plans:

In the second quarter of 2015, we committed to a restructuring plan to integrate our Italian legacy operations with those of Indesit. The industrial restructuring plan, which was approved by the relevant labor unions in July 2015 and signed by the Italian government in August 2015, provides for the closure or repurposing of certain manufacturing facilities and headcount reductions at other facilities. In addition, the restructuring plan provides for headcount reductions in the salaried employee workforce. We estimate that we will incur up to €179 million (approximately $209 million as of June 30, 2018) in employee-related costs, €25 million (approximately $29 million as of June 30, 2018) in asset impairment costs, and €37 million (approximately $43 million as of June 30, 2018) in other associated costs in connection with these actions. We expect these actions will be complete in 2019. We estimate €209 million (approximately $244 million as of June 30, 2018) of the estimated €241 million (approximately $281 million as of June 30, 2018) total cost will result in cash expenditures. As of June 30, 2018, €45 million (approximately $52 million) remains to be expensed.

On January 24, 2017, the Company and certain of its subsidiary companies began consultations with certain works councils and other regulatory agencies in connection with the Company's proposal to restructure its EMEA dryer manufacturing operations. Company management authorized the initiation of such consultations on December 30, 2016. These actions are expected to result in changing the operations at the Company's Yate, U.K. facility to focus on manufacturing for U.K. consumer needs only; production ended in 2018 in Amiens, France; and concentrating the production of dryers for non-U.K. consumer needs in Lodz, Poland. The Company anticipates that approximately 500 positions would be impacted by these actions. The Company expects these actions to be substantially complete in 2018. The Company estimates that it will incur approximately €59 million (approximately $69 million as of June 30, 2018) in employee-related costs, approximately €11 million (approximately $13 million as of June 30, 2018) in asset impairment costs, and approximately €10 million (approximately $12 million as of June 30, 2018) in other associated costs in connection with these actions. The Company estimates that approximately €69 million (approximately $80 million as of June 30, 2018) of the estimated €79 million (approximately $92 million as of June 30, 2018) total cost will result in future cash expenditures. As of June 30, 2018, €11 million (approximately $13 million) remains to be expensed.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company announced an initiative to reduce fixed overhead costs by $150 million, which was implemented in the first half of 2018. This initiative primarily impacts our overhead costs, including salary headcount and third-party services. The Company has implemented certain restructuring actions pursuant to this initiative.

On January 10, 2018, the Company announced certain restructuring actions related to streamlining operations in our Embraco compressor business. These actions are expected to result in ceasing operations and ending production at Embraco's Riva Presso Chieri, Turin, Italy facility in 2018, and concentrating the assembly and manufacturing of compressors in Embraco's other manufacturing centers. The Company currently anticipates that approximately 500 positions are impacted by these actions. The Company expects these actions to be substantially complete in 2018. The Company estimates that it will incur up to approximately €52 million (approximately $61 million as of June 30, 2018) in employee-related costs, approximately €20 million (approximately $23 million as of June 30, 2018) in asset impairment costs and approximately €5 million (approximately $6 million as of June 30, 2018) in other associated costs in connection with these actions. The Company estimates that approximately €56 million (approximately $65 million as of June 30, 2018) of the estimated €77 million (approximately $90 million as of June 30, 2018) total cost will result in future cash expenditures. As of June 30, 2018, €9 million (approximately $11 million as of June 30, 2018) remains to be expensed.

The following table summarizes the change to our restructuring liability for the period ended June 30, 2018:



Millions of dollars	December 31, 2017		Charge to Earnings		Cash Paid			Non-cash and Other			June 30, 2018
Employee termination costs	$	131	$	130	$	(110	)	$	—		$	151
Asset impairment costs	—		27		—			(27		)	—
Facility exit costs	2		26		(28		)	—			—
Other exit costs	29		5		(7		)	(5		)	22
Total	$	162	$	188	$	(145	)	$	(32	)	$	173

The following table summarizes the restructuring charges by operating segment as of June 30, 2018:



Millions of dollars	June 30, 2018
North America	$	4
EMEA	78
Latin America	90
Asia	1
Corporate / Other	15
Total	$	188