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Income Taxes (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The following table summarizes the difference between income tax expense (benefit) at the U.S. statutory rate of 21% and the income tax expense (benefit) at effective worldwide tax rates for the respective periods:


Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,
Millions of dollars

2019

2018

2019

2018
Earnings (loss) before income taxes

$
202


$
(609
)

$
544


$
(500
)









Income tax expense (benefit) computed at United States statutory tax rate

42


(128
)

114


(105
)
Valuation allowances

39


39


(196
)

39

Audits and settlements
 
(13
)
 
(3
)
 
(13
)
 
(3
)
U.S. foreign income items, net of credits

4


(34
)

11


(45
)
Changes in enacted tax rates
 
25

 

 
25

 

Non deductible impairments
 

 
138

 

 
138

Non deductible government payments
 

 
37

 

 
37

Other

33


(19
)

57


(16
)
Income tax expense (benefit) computed at effective worldwide tax rates

$
130


$
30


$
(2
)

$
45