Hedges and Derivative Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Hedges and Derivative Financial Instruments

HEDGES AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value based on market rates. Derivatives where we elect hedge accounting are designated as either cash flow, fair value or net investment hedges. Derivatives that are not accounted for based on hedge accounting are marked to market through earnings. If the designated cash flow hedges are highly effective, the gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified to earnings to offset the impact of the hedged items when they occur. In the event it becomes probable the forecasted transaction to which a cash flow hedge relates will not occur, the derivative would be terminated and the amount in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) would be recognized in earnings. The fair value of the hedge asset or liability is present in either other current assets/liabilities or other noncurrent assets/liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets and in other within cash provided by (used in) operating activities in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows.

Using derivative instruments means assuming counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk relates to the loss we could incur if a counterparty were to default on a derivative contract. We generally deal with investment grade counterparties and monitor the overall credit risk and exposure to individual counterparties. We do not anticipate nonperformance by any counterparties. The amount of counterparty credit exposure is limited to the unrealized gains, if any, on such derivative contracts. We do not require nor do we post collateral on such contracts.

Hedging Strategy

In the normal course of business, we manage risks relating to our ongoing business operations including those arising from changes in commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Fluctuations in these rates and prices can affect our operating results and financial condition. We use a variety of strategies, including the use of derivative instruments, to manage these risks. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Commodity Price Risk

We enter into commodity derivative contracts on various commodities to manage the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of materials used in our manufacturing process. The objective of these hedges is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the forecasted purchase of commodities.

Foreign Currency and Interest Rate Risk

We incur expenses associated with the procurement and production of products in a limited number of countries, while we sell in the local currencies of a large number of countries. Our primary foreign currency exchange exposures result from cross-currency sales of products. As a result, we enter into foreign exchange contracts to hedge certain firm commitments and forecasted transactions to acquire products and services that are denominated in foreign currencies. We enter into certain undesignated non-functional currency asset and liability hedges that relate primarily to short-term payables, receivables, intercompany loans and dividends. When we hedge a foreign currency denominated payable or receivable with a derivative, the effect of changes in the foreign exchange rates are reflected currently in interest and sundry (income) expense for both the payable/receivable and the derivative. Therefore, as a result of the economic hedge, we do not elect hedge accounting.

We also enter into hedges to mitigate currency risk primarily related to forecasted foreign currency denominated expenditures, intercompany financing agreements and royalty agreements and designate them as cash flow hedges. Gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are included in the assessment of effectiveness, are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified to earnings to offset the impact of the hedged items when they occur.

We may enter into cross-currency interest rate swaps to manage our exposure relating to cross-currency debt. Notional amount of outstanding cross-currency interest rate swap agreements was $1,275 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

We may enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate risk exposure. Our interest rate swap agreements, if any, effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk, primarily through converting certain floating rate debt to a fixed rate basis, and certain fixed rate debt to a floating rate basis. These agreements involve either the receipt or payment of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments or receipts, respectively, over the life of the agreements without an exchange of the underlying principal amounts. We may enter into swap rate lock agreements to effectively reduce our exposure to interest rate risk by locking in interest rates on probable long-term debt issuances. There was a notional amount of $300 million of outstanding interest rate swap agreements at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Net Investment Hedging

The following table summarizes our foreign currency denominated debt and foreign exchange forwards/options designated as net investment hedges at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



	Notional (Local)				Notional (USD)				Current Maturity
Instrument	2020		2019		2020		2019		Current Maturity
Senior note - 0.625%	€	—	€	500	$	—	$	561	March 2020
Foreign exchange forwards/options	MXN	7,200	MXN	7,200	$	307	$	382	August 2022

For instruments that are designated and qualify as a net investment hedge, the effective portion of the instruments' gain or loss is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The gain or loss will be subsequently reclassified into net earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated. The remaining change in fair value of the hedge instruments represents the ineffective portion, which is immediately recognized in interest and sundry (income) expense on our Consolidated

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was no ineffectiveness on hedges designated as net investment hedges. Due to the volatility in the macroeconomic environment caused by COVID-19 pandemic, we have evaluated and dedesignated a nominal amount of certain foreign exchange cash flow hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes our outstanding derivative contracts and their effects in our Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:



					Fair Value of
	Notional Amount				Hedge Assets				Hedge Liabilities					Maximum Term (Months)
Millions of dollars	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019			2020	2019
Derivatives accounted for as hedges⁽¹⁾
Commodity swaps/options	$	237	$	174	$	—	$	4	$	55	$	10	(CF)	36	21
Foreign exchange forwards/options	2,923		3,177		183		94		17		84		(CF/NI)	143	32
Cross-currency swaps	1,275		1,275		115		25		—		23		(CF)	107	110
Interest rate derivatives	300		300		—		6		64		—		(CF)	62	65
Total derivatives accounted for as hedges					$	298	$	129	$	136	$	117
Derivatives not accounted for as hedges
Commodity swaps/options	1		1		—		—		—		—		N/A	4	7
Foreign exchange forwards/options	$	2,511	$	3,182	$	48	$	15	$	30	$	22	N/A	9	12
Total derivatives not accounted for as hedges					48		15		30		22
Total derivatives					$	346	$	144	$	166	$	139

Current					$	167	$	55	$	77	$	61
Noncurrent					179		89		89		78
Total derivatives					$	346	$	144	$	166	$	139


⁽¹⁾	Derivatives accounted for as hedges are considered either cash flow (CF) or net investment (NI) hedges.

The following tables summarize the effects of derivative instruments and foreign currency debt designated as net investment hedges in our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the periods presented:



		Three Months Ended March 31,
		Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion ) ⁽²⁾
Cash Flow Hedges - Millions of dollars		2020			2019
Commodity swaps/options		$	(55	)	$	22
Foreign exchange forwards/options		105			28
Cross-currency swaps		120			(17		)
Interest rate derivatives		(71		)	—
Net Investment Hedges
Foreign currency		67			1
		166			34

		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings (Effective Portion)
Cash Flow Hedges - Millions of dollars		2020			2019
Commodity swaps/options ⁽³⁾	Cost of products sold	$	(7	)	$	(3	)
Foreign exchange forwards/options	Net sales	—			(1		)
Foreign exchange forwards/options	Cost of products sold	—			5
Foreign exchange forwards/options	Interest and sundry (income) expense	(32		)	37
Cross-currency swaps	Interest and sundry (income) expense	27			8
Interest rate derivatives	Interest expense	—			1
		(12		)	47

		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges	Gain (Loss) Recognized on Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges
Derivatives not Accounted for as Hedges - Millions of dollars		2020			2019
Foreign exchange forwards/options	Interest and sundry (income) expense	$	42		$	29

⁽²⁾

Change in gain (loss) recognized in OCI (effective portion) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily driven by currency fluctuations and declines in commodity prices and interest rates compared to the prior year. The tax impact of the cash flow hedges was $(23) million and $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The tax impact of the net investment hedges was $(24) million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Cost for commodity swaps/options are recognized in cost of sales as products are sold.

For cash flow hedges, the amount of ineffectiveness recognized in interest and sundry (income) expense was nominal for the periods ended March 31, 2020, and 2019. There were no hedges designated as fair value for the periods ended March 31, 2020, and 2019. The net amount of unrealized gain or loss on derivative instruments included in accumulated OCI related to contracts maturing and expected to be realized during the next twelve months is a gain of $78 million at March 31, 2020.