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Goodwill and Other Intangibles | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Other Intangibles | GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES Goodwill The following table summarizes goodwill attributable to our reporting units for the periods presented:
Millions of dollars | North America |  | EMEA |  | Latin America |  | Asia |  | Total Whirlpool
Ending balance December 31, 2018 | $ | 1,693 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 2,451 |
Currency translation adjustment | 2 |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (11) |
Ending balance December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 2,440 |
Currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 56 |
Ending balance December 31, 2020 | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 2,496 |
2020 and 2019 annual impairment assessment We completed our annual impairment test for goodwill as of October 1, 2020 and 2019. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative assessment to evaluate goodwill for all our reporting units. Based on the quantitative assessment we determined there was no impairment of goodwill. Other Intangible Assets The following table summarizes other intangible assets for the period presented:
| December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Millions of dollars | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Other intangible assets, finite lives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships (1) | $ | 647 |  |  | $ | (430) |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | (377) |  |  | $ | 247 |
Patents and other (2) | 327 |  |  | (241) |  |  | 86 |  |  | 324 |  |  | (216) |  |  | 108 |
Total other intangible assets, finite lives | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | (671) |  |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | (593) |  |  | $ | 355 |
Trademarks, indefinite lives (3) | 1,893 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |
Total other intangible assets | $ | 2,867 |  |  | $ | (673) |  |  | $ | 2,194 |  |  | $ | 2,818 |  |  | $ | (593) |  |  | $ | 2,225 |
(1)Customer relationships have an estimated useful life of 5 to 19 years. (2)Patents and other intangibles have an estimated useful life of 3 to 43 years. (3)Includes impairment charge of $7 million at December 31, 2020. 2020 and 2019 annual impairment assessment We completed our annual impairment assessment for other intangible assets as of October 1, 2020. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative assessment to evaluate certain indefinite-lived intangible assets. Based on the results of the quantitative assessment, we recorded an immaterial intangible impairment charge in the EMEA region. We completed our annual impairment assessment for other intangible assets as of October 1, 2019. The Company elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative assessment to evaluate certain indefinite-life intangible assets. Based on the results of the quantitative assessment, we determined there was no impairment of intangible assets. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Amortization expense was $62 million, $69 million and $75 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following table summarizes our future estimated amortization expense by year:
Millions of dollars |
2021 | $ | 59 |
2022 | 49 |
2023 | 41 |
2024 | 28 |
2025 | 21 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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