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Business segments | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Business segments | Business segments As noted above, we made changes to our business segments in fiscal year 2019. Since October 1, 2018, we conducted our operations through three business segments: U.S. Health and Human Services, U.S. Federal Services and Outside the U.S. •Our U.S. Health and Human Services Segment provides a variety of business process services such as program administration, appeals and assessments work and related consulting work for U.S. state and local government programs. These services support a variety of programs including the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). We also serve as administrators in state-based welfare-to-work and child support programs. •Our U.S. Federal Services Segment provides business process solutions, including program administration, appeals and assessments services and system and software development and maintenance services for various U.S. federal civilian programs. The segment also contains certain state-based assessments and appeals work that is part of the segment's heritage within the Medicare Appeals portfolio and continues to be managed within this segment. •Our Outside the U.S. Segment provides BPS solutions for governments and commercial clients outside the United States, including health and disability assessments, program administration for welfare-to-work services and other related services. We support programs and deliver services in the United Kingdom, including HAAS, the Work & Health Programme and Fair Start; Australia, including jobactive and the Disability Employment Service; Canada, including Health Insurance British Columbia and the Employment Program of British Columbia; Saudi Arabia and Singapore. Expenses which are not specifically included in the segments are included in other categories, including amortization of intangible assets, costs incurred in restructuring our U.K. business, the direct costs of acquisitions and the gain on sale of the K-12 Education business. These costs are excluded from measuring each segment's operating performance. The results of these segments for the three years ended September 30, 2019 are shown below (in thousands).
| Year ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Health and Human Services | $ | 1,176,488 |  |  | $ | 1,213,911 |  |  | $ | 1,220,086 |
U.S. Federal Services | 1,111,197 |  |  | 478,911 |  |  | 545,573 |
Outside the U.S. | 599,130 |  |  | 699,414 |  |  | 685,302 |
Total | $ | 2,886,815 |  |  | $ | 2,392,236 |  |  | $ | 2,450,961 |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Health and Human Services | $ | 344,109 |  |  | $ | 359,624 |  |  | $ | 348,906 |
U.S. Federal Services | 242,070 |  |  | 126,698 |  |  | 139,321 |
Outside the U.S. | 85,005 |  |  | 108,063 |  |  | 123,678 |
Total | $ | 671,184 |  |  | $ | 594,385 |  |  | $ | 611,905 |
Selling, general and administrative expense: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Health and Human Services | $ | 123,275 |  |  | $ | 140,990 |  |  | $ | 144,014 |
U.S. Federal Services | 126,128 |  |  | 69,312 |  |  | 74,345 |
Outside the U.S. | 68,944 |  |  | 72,095 |  |  | 64,742 |
Other | 2,676 |  |  | 2,844 |  |  | 1,492 |
Total | $ | 321,023 |  |  | $ | 285,241 |  |  | $ | 284,593 |
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Health and Human Services | $ | 220,834 |  |  | $ | 218,634 |  |  | $ | 204,892 |
U.S. Federal Services | 115,942 |  |  | 57,386 |  |  | 64,976 |
Outside the U.S. | 16,061 |  |  | 35,968 |  |  | 58,936 |
Amortization of intangible assets | (33,054) |  |  | (10,308) |  |  | (12,208) |
Restructuring costs | — |  |  | (3,353) |  |  | (2,242) |
Acquisition-related expenses | (2,691) |  |  | (947) |  |  | (83) |
Gain on sale of a business | — |  |  | — |  |  | 650 |
Other | 15 |  |  | (1,897) |  |  | (1,409) |
Total | $ | 317,107 |  |  | $ | 295,483 |  |  | $ | 313,512 |
Operating income as a percentage of revenue: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Health and Human Services | 18.8 | % |  | 18.0 | % |  | 16.8 | %
U.S. Federal Services | 10.4 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | 11.9 | %
Outside the U.S. | 2.7 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  | 8.6 | %
Total | 11.0 | % |  | 12.4 | % |  | 12.8 | %
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Health and Human Services | $ | 18,466 |  |  | $ | 20,963 |  |  | $ | 23,374 |
U.S. Federal Services | 16,802 |  |  | 8,478 |  |  | 11,175 |
Outside the U.S. | 17,136 |  |  | 22,443 |  |  | 21,220 |
Total | $ | 52,404 |  |  | $ | 51,884 |  |  | $ | 55,769 |
Restructuring costs were incurred in the years ending September 30, 2018 and 2017 in our United Kingdom businesses. Acquisition-related expenses are costs of completed business combinations as well as the costs of any unsuccessful transactions. The charges above include costs for the acquisition of the citizen engagement centers business which were incurred in fiscal years 2018 and 2019. Other costs include those related to the acquisition of Revitalised Limited in fiscal year 2017. We operate in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia and Singapore. Our revenue was distributed as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
United States | $ | 2,287,685 |  |  | $ | 1,692,823 |  |  | $ | 1,765,661 |
United Kingdom | 293,695 |  |  | 347,026 |  |  | 346,342 |
Australia | 198,795 |  |  | 247,850 |  |  | 232,434 |
Rest of World | 106,640 |  |  | 104,537 |  |  | 106,524 |
Total | $ | 2,886,815 |  |  | $ | 2,392,236 |  |  | $ | 2,450,961 |
Identifiable assets for the segments are shown below (in thousands):
| Year Ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. Health and Human Services | $ | 500,641 |  |  | $ | 442,063 |
U.S. Federal Services | 795,553 |  |  | 375,807 |
Outside the U.S. | 234,769 |  |  | 184,872 |
Corporate/Other | 214,769 |  |  | 459,258 |
Total | $ | 1,745,732 |  |  | $ | 1,462,000 |
Our long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment, capitalized software costs and deferred compensation plan assets, were distributed as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended September 30, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018
United States | $ | 134,511 |  |  | $ | 98,340 |
Australia | 11,950 |  |  | 20,545 |
Canada | 14,681 |  |  | 9,504 |
United Kingdom | 3,129 |  |  | 5,498 |
Rest of World | 595 |  |  | 391 |
Total | $ | 164,866 |  |  | $ | 134,278 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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