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Business Segments | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Business Segments | BUSINESS SEGMENTS We conduct our operations through three business segments: U.S. Services, U.S. Federal Services, and Outside the U.S. U.S. Services Our U.S. Services Segment provides a variety of business process services ("BPS") such as program administration, appeals and assessments, and related consulting work for U.S. state and local government programs. These services support a variety of programs, including the Affordable Care Act ("ACA"), Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program ("CHIP"), Temporary Assistance to Needy Families ("TANF"), and child support programs. Addressing societal macro trends such as aging populations and rising costs, the segment continues to execute on its clinical evolution strategy by expanding its clinical offerings in public health with new work in contact tracing, disease investigation, and vaccine distribution support services as part of the governments' COVID-19 response efforts. The segment also successfully expanded into the unemployment insurance market, supporting more than 15 states in their unemployment insurance programs. U.S. Federal Services From technology solutions to program administration and operations, our U.S. Federal Services Segment delivers end-to-end solutions that help various U.S. Federal Government Agencies better deliver on their mission. This also includes appeals and assessments services, system and application development, IT modernization, and maintenance services. The segment also contains certain state-based assessments and appeals work that is part of the segment's heritage within the Medicare Appeals portfolio which continues to be managed within this segment. Benefiting from the Attain platform, the segment executes on its digital strategy to deliver technology solutions that advance agency missions, including the challenge to modernize, provide better customer experience, and drive process efficiencies. The segment continues to expand its clinical solutions with the acquisition of VES which manages the clinical evaluation process for U.S. veterans and service members on behalf of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The segment further supports clinical offerings in public health with new work supporting the U.S. Federal Government's COVID-19 response efforts. This included expanded work with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ("CDC") for their helpline and increased support for the IRS Wage and Investment Division's response efforts to general inquiries regarding the Coronavirus Aid Relief & Economic Security ("CARES") Act and Economic Impact Payment Service Plan. Outside the U.S. Our Outside the U.S. Segment provides BPS for international governments and commercial clients, transforming the lives of people around the world. Helping people find employment, access vital support, and remain healthy, these services include health and disability assessments, program administration for employment services, wellbeing solutions, and other job seeker related services. We support programs and deliver services in the U.K., including the Health Assessment Advisory Service ("HAAS"), the Work & Health Programme, Fair Start, and Restart; Australia, including jobactive and the Disability Employment Service; Canada, including Health Insurance British Columbia and the Employment Program of British Columbia; in addition to Italy, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, and Sweden, where we predominantly provide employment support and job seeker services.
Table 3.1: Results of Operation by Business Segment (1)
| For the Year Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| Amount |  | % (2) |  | Amount |  | % (2) |  | Amount |  | % (2)
| (dollars in thousands)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Services | $ | 1,662,110 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,329,274 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,176,488 |  |  |
U.S. Federal Services | 1,893,284 |  |  |  |  | 1,633,337 |  |  |  |  | 1,111,197 |  |  |
Outside the U.S. | 699,091 |  |  |  |  | 498,926 |  |  |  |  | 599,130 |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 4,254,485 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,461,537 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,886,815 |  |  |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Services | $ | 408,050 |  |  | 24.6 % |  | $ | 360,272 |  |  | 27.1 % |  | $ | 344,109 |  |  | 29.2 %
U.S. Federal Services | 432,551 |  |  | 22.8 % |  | 318,925 |  |  | 19.5 % |  | 242,070 |  |  | 21.8 %
Outside the U.S. | 106,374 |  |  | 15.2 % |  | 31,805 |  |  | 6.4 % |  | 85,005 |  |  | 14.2 %
Gross profit | $ | 946,975 |  |  | 22.3 % |  | $ | 711,002 |  |  | 20.5 % |  | $ | 671,184 |  |  | 23.2 %
Selling, general, and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Services | $ | 153,609 |  |  | 9.2 % |  | $ | 132,489 |  |  | 10.0 % |  | $ | 123,275 |  |  | 10.5 %
U.S. Federal Services | 243,485 |  |  | 12.9 % |  | 186,023 |  |  | 11.4 % |  | 126,128 |  |  | 11.4 %
Outside the U.S. | 86,248 |  |  | 12.3 % |  | 65,938 |  |  | 13.2 % |  | 68,944 |  |  | 11.5 %
Gain on sale of business (4) | — |  |  | NM |  | (1,718) |  |  | NM |  | — |  |  | NM
Other (3) | 10,746 |  |  | NM |  | 4,358 |  |  | NM |  | 2,676 |  |  | NM
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | $ | 494,088 |  |  | 11.6 % |  | $ | 387,090 |  |  | 11.2 % |  | $ | 321,023 |  |  | 11.1 %
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Services | $ | 254,441 |  |  | 15.3 % |  | $ | 227,783 |  |  | 17.1 % |  | $ | 220,834 |  |  | 18.8 %
U.S. Federal Services | 189,066 |  |  | 10.0 % |  | 132,902 |  |  | 8.1 % |  | 115,942 |  |  | 10.4 %
Outside the U.S. | 20,126 |  |  | 2.9 % |  | (34,133) |  |  | (6.8) % |  | 16,061 |  |  | 2.7 %
Amortization of intangible assets | (44,357) |  |  | NM |  | (35,634) |  |  | NM |  | (33,054) |  |  | NM
Gain on sale of business (4) | — |  |  | NM |  | 1,718 |  |  | NM |  | — |  |  | NM
Other (3) | (10,746) |  |  | NM |  | (4,358) |  |  | NM |  | (2,676) |  |  | NM
Operating income | $ | 408,530 |  |  | 9.6 % |  | $ | 288,278 |  |  | 8.3 % |  | $ | 317,107 |  |  | 11.0 %
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Services | $ | 20,350 |  |  | 1.2 % |  | $ | 20,951 |  |  | 1.6 % |  | $ | 18,466 |  |  | 1.6 %
U.S. Federal Services | 12,986 |  |  | 0.7 % |  | 25,153 |  |  | 1.5 % |  | 16,802 |  |  | 1.5 %
Outside the U.S. | 13,025 |  |  | 1.9 % |  | 18,423 |  |  | 3.7 % |  | 17,136 |  |  | 2.9 %
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 46,361 |  |  | 1.1 % |  | $ | 64,527 |  |  | 1.9 % |  | $ | 52,404 |  |  | 1.8 %
(1)Expenses that are not specifically included in the segments are included in other categories, including amortization of intangible assets and the direct costs of acquisitions. These costs are excluded from measuring each segment's operating performance. (2)Percentage of respective segment revenue. Percentages not considered meaningful are marked "NM." (3)Other selling, general, and administrative expenses includes credits and costs that are not allocated to a particular segment. This includes expenses incurred as part of our acquisitions, as well as potential acquisitions which have not been or may not be completed. Our results for the year ended September 30, 2021, included $9.5 million of expenses relating to the acquisitions of Attain, LLC, and VES Group, Inc. For more information, see "Note 6. Business Combinations." (4)During fiscal year 2020, we sold Q2 Administrators LLC, a subsidiary within our U.S. Federal Services Segment, resulting in a gain.
Table 3.2: Assets by Segment
| As of September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
| (in thousands)
U.S. Services | $ | 701,565 |  |  | $ | 702,728 |
U.S. Federal Services | 2,863,581 |  |  | 937,477 |
Outside the U.S. | 324,899 |  |  | 224,532 |
Corporate | 228,920 |  |  | 159,965 |
Assets | $ | 4,118,965 |  |  | $ | 2,024,702 |
Identifiable assets for U.S. Federal Services increased due to the acquisitions of Attain, LLC and VES Group, Inc. Refer to "Note 6. Business Combinations" for details. Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, capitalized software costs, operating lease right-of-use assets, and deferred compensation plan assets.
Table 3.3: Long-Lived Assets by Geography
| As of September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
| (in thousands)
United States | $ | 276,754 |  |  | $ | 255,346 |
Australia | 17,105 |  |  | 30,183 |
Canada | 20,637 |  |  | 24,522 |
United Kingdom | 11,914 |  |  | 7,610 |
Rest of World | 5,172 |  |  | 1,071 |
Total | $ | 331,582 |  |  | $ | 318,732 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 31 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8924-108599 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 34 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8981-108599 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8721-108599 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 40 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9031-108599 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (f) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 26 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8844-108599 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 41 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9038-108599 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 22 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8736-108599 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 42 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9054-108599 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8657-108599 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8721-108599 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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